Abstract:
:Rotavirus plus-strand RNAs not only direct protein synthesis but also serve as templates for the synthesis of the segmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome. In this study, we identified short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for viral genes 5, 8, and 9 that suppressed the expression of NSP1, a nonessential protein; NSP2, a component of viral replication factories (viroplasms); and VP7, an outer capsid protein, respectively. The loss of NSP2 expression inhibited viroplasm formation, genome replication, virion assembly, and synthesis of the other viral proteins. In contrast, the loss of VP7 expression had no effect on genome replication; instead, it inhibited only outer-capsid morphogenesis. Similarly, neither genome replication nor any other event of the viral life cycle was affected by the loss of NSP1. The data indicate that plus-strand RNAs templating dsRNA synthesis within viroplasms are not susceptible to siRNA-induced RNase degradation. In contrast, plus-strand RNAs templating protein synthesis in the cytosol are susceptible to degradation and thus are not the likely source of plus-strand RNAs for dsRNA synthesis in viroplasms. Indeed, immunofluorescence analysis of bromouridine (BrU)-labeled RNA made in infected cells provided evidence that plus-strand RNAs are synthesized within viroplasms. Furthermore, transfection of BrU-labeled viral plus-strand RNA into infected cells suggested that plus-strand RNAs introduced into the cytosol do not localize to viroplasms. From these results, we propose that plus-strand RNAs synthesized within viroplasms are the primary source of templates for genome replication and that trafficking pathways do not exist within the cytosol that transport plus-strand RNAs to viroplasms. The lack of such pathways confounds the development of reverse genetics systems for rotavirus.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Silvestri LS,Taraporewala ZF,Patton JTdoi
10.1128/JVI.78.14.7763-7774.2004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-07-01 00:00:00pages
7763-74issue
14eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514pii
78/14/7763journal_volume
78pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The bacteriophage T5 is known to spontaneously generate deletion mutants (st mutants) exhibiting enhanced resistance to heat inactivation in citrate buffer. A series of such mutants has been isolated and the deletions visualized by electron microscopy of heteroduplex molecules. The deletions are found to cluster in on...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.15.5.1276-1280.1975
更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to clarify antigenic variations among various isolates of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and cross-reactivity among HHV-6, HHV-7, and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in the T-cell immune response, the antigenic specificity of the proliferative response mediated by 232 CD4+ human T-cell clones directed against HHV-6...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.67.10.6259-6264.1993
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa myovirus KZ has a 270-kb genome within a T=27 icosahedral capsid that contains a large, unusual, and structurally well-defined protein cylindrical inner body (IB) spanning its interior. Proteolysis forms a pivotal stage in KZ head and IB morphogenesis, with the protease gp175 cleaving at least 1...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01008-13
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of tumor-inducing genes is a driving force for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer. Many retroviruses induce tumors by insertion of viral DNA adjacent to cellular oncogenes, resulting in altered expression and/or structure of the encoded proteins. The availability of the mouse gen...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.77.3.2056-2062.2003
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro analysis of the catalytic DNA polymerase encoded by vaccinia virus has demonstrated that it is innately distributive, catalyzing the addition of <10 nucleotides per primer-template binding event in the presence of 8 mM MgCl(2) or 40 mM NaCl (W. F. McDonald and P. Traktman, J. Biol. Chem. 269:31190-31197, 1994...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.75.24.12298-12307.2001
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activity of uracil-DNA glycosylase in Escherichia coli decreases dramatically to less than 10% of its original level after infection of the cells by phage T5. Phage-induced protein synthesis is required for this inhibition to occur, and the inhibition is induced by a mutant capable of injecting only the first 8% o...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.33.1.535-538.1980
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) transforming protein, Tax, is a potent transactivator of both viral and cellular gene expression. The ability of Tax to transform cells is believed to depend on its transactivation of cellular-growth-regulatory genes. Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCN...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.71.2.1181-1190.1997
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells were transformed by a focus assay with BK virus (BKV) DNA molecularly cloned at its unique EcoRI site. Both viral DNA sequences and viral tumor antigens were present and expressed in all the foci that we examined. However, cells isolated from foci were incapable of growth in ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.58.2.680-683.1986
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) causes cervical cancer, accompanied by the accumulation of somatic mutations into the host genome. There are concomitant genetic changes in the HPV genome during viral infection; however, their relevance to cervical carcinogenesis is poorly understood. ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00017-18
更新日期:2018-05-29 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Marburg virus (MARV) infection is a lethal hemorrhagic fever for which no licensed vaccines or therapeutics are available. Development of appropriate medical countermeasures requires a thorough understanding of the interaction between the host and the pathogen and the resulting disease course. In this study,...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01147-15
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded small RNA molecules that regulate various cellular processes. miRNA 155 (miR-155) regulates various aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses and plays a key role in various viral infections and the resulting neuroinflammation. The present study evaluated the invo...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02979-13
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have recently shown that live attenuated virus vaccines produced on chicken-derived cells contain low levels of particle-associated reverse transcriptase (RT). In both virus and corresponding control harvests produced on chicken embryo fibroblasts, these activities were present at significantly higher concentration...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.71.4.3005-3012.1997
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viruses efficiently block the host antiviral response in order to replicate and spread before host intervention. The mechanism initiating antiviral immunity during stealth viral replication is unknown, but recent data demonstrate that defective viral genomes generated at peak virus replication are critical for this pr...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1128/JVI.00707-14
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has long been known to inhibit helper adenovirus (Ad) replication independently of AAV Rep protein expression. More recently, replication of Ad serotype 5 (Ad5)/AAV serotype 2 (AAV-2) hybrid vectors was shown to be inhibited incisby a sequence near the 3' end of AAVrep, termed th...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.03120-15
更新日期:2016-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (cIAP2) is a potent suppressor of apoptotic cell death. We have shown previously that cIAP2 is involved in the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) response; however, the mechanism for this antiviral effect remains unclear. In the present st...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00879-11
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcription of the terminal protein (TP) gene of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in Burkitt's lymphoma cells, in EBV-negative Burkitt's lymphoma cells converted with transformation-defective (P3HR1) and transformation-competent (B95-8, AG876) EBV strains, and in EBV-immortalized cell lines was studied. A TP1 cDNA probe spa...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.65.1.415-423.1991
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has previously been shown that an electrophoretic variant form of the Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein, pp60v-src, exists in src-transformed cells. This variant, which was readily observed in vanadate-treated cells, was characterized as possessing extensive amino-terminal domain phosphotyrosine modification....
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.61.5.1593-1601.1987
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) infection of macaques exhibits strong similarities to human CMV (HCMV) persistence and pathogenesis. The immunogenicity of DNA vaccines encoding three RhCMV proteins (a truncated version of glycoprotein B lacking the transmembrane region and endodomain [gBDeltaTM], phosphoprotein 65-2 [p...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01708-06
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complement, part of the innate immune system, acts to remove pathogens and unwanted host material. Complement is known to function in all tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we demonstrated the importance of the complement system within the CNS in the development of behavioral seizures ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00422-10
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteins located in the tegument layer of herpesvirus particles play important roles in the replicative cycle at both early and late times after infection. As major constituents of the virion, they execute important functions in particular during formation of progeny virions. These functions have mostly been elucidate...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.80.3.1332-1339.2006
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) specifically incorporates the host cell peptidyl-prolyl isomerase cyclophilin A into virions via contacts with the capsid (CA) domain of the Gag polyprotein Pr55gag. The immunosuppressant drug cyclosporin A and the nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin A analog SDZ NIM 811 bind t...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.70.9.5751-5757.1996
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expression of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-encoded superantigens in B lymphocytes is required for viral transmission and pathogenesis. We have previously established a critical role of an enhancer element within the long terminal repeat (LTR) for MMTV sag gene expression in B-lymphoid progenitor cells. We now demo...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.74.17.8183-8187.2000
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcriptional stimulatory properties of virus-encoded transactivators appear to be critical for viral gene expression and may be linked to cellular transformation in certain cases. Recently, the simian virus 40 (SV40) 17-kDa small-t antigen was shown to stimulate transcription of polymerase II and III genes in trans...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.65.12.6553-6561.1991
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus clade C (HIV-C) accounts for >56% of all HIV infections worldwide. To investigate vaccine safety and efficacy in nonhuman primates, a pathogenic, R5-tropic, neutralization-sensitive simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) carrying HIV-C env would be desirable. We have constructed SHIV-2...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02066-08
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), a member of the Alphaherpesviridae, displays a broad host range in vitro, allowing for detailed study of the mechanisms of productive infection, including attachment and entry, in various cell culture systems. Previously, we showed that EHV-1 infects Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) ce...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00504-07
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The L1 and L2 capsid genes of human papillomavirus type 31 (HPV-31) are expressed upon keratinocyte differentiation from a promoter located in the E7 open reading frame (ORF) of the early region. Late transcripts must therefore pass through and ignore the early polyadenylation sequences to use the downstream late AAUA...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.75.17.8147-8157.2001
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant vaccinia viruses containing the 22-kilodalton protein (matrixlike or 22K protein) or phosphoprotein gene from respiratory syncytial virus were constructed. These recombinant viruses expressed proteins which were immunoprecipitated by appropriate respiratory syncytial virus antibodies and comigrated with au...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.64.4.1683-1689.1990
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), the type species of alphabaculoviruses, is an enveloped DNA virus that infects lepidopteran insects and is commonly known as a vector for protein expression and cell transduction. AcMNPV belongs to a diverse group of viral and bacterial pat...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00111-18
更新日期:2018-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::Cloned avian leukosis viral DNAs were mutagenized in the long terminal repeat, in the leader sequence for env mRNA, and at the poly-env junction. The effect of these mutations in the viral DNA upon its ability to direct virus production or env mRNA synthesis was analyzed by microinjecting the mutant DNAs into chicken ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.43.2.503-510.1982
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP) is a single-stranded RNA-binding protein that encapsidates the virus genome and has essential functions in viral-RNA synthesis. Here, we report the characterization of a temperature-sensitive (ts) NP mutant (US3) originally generated in fowl plague virus (A/chicken/Rostock/34)....
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01424-08
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00