Abstract:
:The objective of the study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines in identifying at-risk individuals for hypercholesterolemia, using population-based data from the Manitoba Heart Health Survey (MHHS). The MHHS surveyed a representative sample of adult residents of the province of Manitoba, Canada, aged 18-74 (n = 2792), 2212 of whom underwent complete lipoprotein analyses: total cholesterol (TC), high-density (HDL) and low-density (LDL) lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) after overnight fasting. Following NCEP criteria for risk categories, 618 individuals could be considered as "at risk" based on their HDL and/or LDL levels. However, if the NCEP algorithms were followed, i.e. initial screen for TC only, and determination of HDL and LDL for selected individuals with borderline and high TC, only 438 of the total "at risk" individuals would have been identified (sensitivity = 71%). 1203 of 1594 individuals with acceptable HDL and LDL levels were not considered "at risk" on screening (specificity = 76%). If "at risk" status was determined solely on LDL criteria, the NCEP guidelines result in a higher sensitivity (94%) and comparable specificity (76%). However, when only HDL criteria were used, the sensitivity and specificity declined to 38% and 63% respectively. Compared to a simulated screening study based on the Lipid Research Clinic data reported by Bush and Riedel (1991) the estimates of sensitivity from the MHHS were high. Current NCEP guidelines appear to balance optimally the sensitivity and specificity for selecting individuals based on TC levels for further complete lipoprotein analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Gelskey DE,Young TK,MacDonald SMdoi
10.1016/0895-4356(94)90301-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-05-01 00:00:00pages
547-53issue
5eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
0895-4356(94)90301-8journal_volume
47pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:Citations by other researchers are important in the dissemination of research findings. We aimed to investigate whether preferential citation of statistically significant articles exists in the psychiatric literature. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS:We analyzed all original research papers published in 1996 in fou...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.11.014
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Formulas are derived for determination of the number of patients needed in a prospective comparison of survival curves, when the control group patients have already been followed for some period. Although an explicit formula for the required sample size is not available, the computing is straightforward, and tables of...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(88)90025-x
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine eligibility for a (randomized) clinical trial, measuring the inclusion and exclusion criteria can be extended over a period of time. During this period, known as the selection period, a patient is repeatedly examined at certain time intervals. This study describes an approach for optimizing the efficiency...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00069-3
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:To test unidimensionality and local independence of a set of shoulder functional status (SFS) items, develop a computerized adaptive test (CAT) of the items using a rating scale item response theory model (RSM), and compare discriminant validity of measures generated using all items (theta(IRT)...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.08.006
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate reproductive maternal risk factors of intrapartum fetal asphyxia, we analyzed 556 women with singleton pregnancies complicated by intrapartum fetal asphyxia who gave birth at Kuopio University Hospital from January 1990 to December 1998. The general obstetric population (N=21746) was selected as the ref...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00329-2
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the relative responsiveness of generic and specific quality of life instruments in 43 randomized controlled trials that compared head-to-head 31 generic and 84 specific instruments. Using weighted effect size as the metric of responsiveness, we assessed the impact of instrument type, disease category, and ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00537-1
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Genetic studies of complex human diseases rely heavily on the epidemiologic association paradigm, particularly the population-based case-control designs. This study aims to compare the matching effectiveness in terms of bias reduction between exposure matching and stratum matching. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:F...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.02.016
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:A large body of comparative effectiveness research (CER) focuses on the use of observational and quasi-experimental approaches. We sought to examine the use of clinical trials as a tool for CER, particularly in mental health. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Examination of three ongoing randomized clinical trials i...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.02.013
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the concordance between two methods to measure drug exposure duration from pharmacy claim data. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We conducted a cohort study using 2002-2007 US Medicaid data. Initiators of eight drug groups were identified: statins, metformin, atypical antipsychotics, warfarin, proton p...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.05.026
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study investigates how voluntary changes in tobacco consumption are related to changes in biological risk factors for cardiovascular disease in 21- to 36-year-old men and women. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Data of the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study (AGAHLS) were used to study the associatio...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.02.019
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To identify key principles of graph construction and to review guidance on graph construction provided by medical journals. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Review of a prevailing model of graph comprehension and survey of authors' instructions for all 120 core medical journals as indexed by PubMed. RESULTS:Graph ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.12.016
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The similarity in meaning assigned to response choice labels from the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36) was evaluated across countries. Convenience samples of judges (range, 10 to 117; median = 48) from 13 countries rated translations of response choice labels, using a variation of the Thurstone method of equal appearing in...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00084-5
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of article was to assess the risk for random errors in outcomes graded as high certainty of evidence (CoE). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We randomly selected 100 Cochrane reviews with dichotomous outcomes rated as high CoE using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. To dete...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.10.009
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many longitudinal studies attempt to examine changes in outcome measures over time in groups of patients. Applying conventional analytic techniques, such as a single classical linear regression model, to these data will often not result in minimum variance estimates, and may affect the results of tests of significance...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90038-3
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To provide GRADE guidance on how to prepare Summary of Findings tables and Evidence Profiles for time-to-event outcomes with a focus on the calculation of the corresponding absolute effect estimates. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:This guidance was justified by a research project identifying frequent errors and l...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.10.015
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the responsiveness of generic and mapped preference-based measures based on the anchor of global change in health condition of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A baseline sample of 333 Chinese CRC patients was recruited between September 2009 and July 2010 and was surve...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.08.011
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the behavior of predictive performance measures that are commonly used in external validation of prognostic models for outcome at intensive care units (ICUs). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Four prognostic models (Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluati...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.08.011
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study estimated the inter- and intraobserver reliability of a set of noninstrumented physical examination measures for knee pain in older adults. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Forty-five patients from primary care, and 13 patients from secondary care, were each examined by two out of a team of three physical...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.11.004
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Evidence-based guidelines recommend adjuvant chemotherapy in early stage breast cancer whenever treatment benefit is considered sufficient to outweigh the associated risks. However, many groups of patients were either excluded from or underrepresented in the clinical trials that form the evidence base for thi...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.01.006
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Efficient use of cholesterol measurements to screen for coronary heart disease in the elderly is not well defined. The purpose of this report is to examine such screening based on national guidelines in a sample of older men. Since relations between cholesterol and coronary heart disease are better established in thos...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00130-4
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to determine whether disagreements among multiple data sources affect systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Eligible RCTs examined gabapentin for neuropathic pain and quetiapine for bipolar depression, reported in public (e.g., jour...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.07.014
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A large sample of older participants of the Maastricht Aging Study (MAAS) were compared to drop-outs at the 3-year follow-up with respect to socio-demographic, health, and cognitive characteristics. In addition, the impact of selective drop-out on measures of cognitive change was examined. To this end, hypothetical sc...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00473-5
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We develop a stochastic model of screening for ovarian cancer with serum levels of the CA 125 radioimmunoassay, a tumor-specific marker. The natural history of the disease is constructed using a four stage model characterized by a multivariate distribution for duration in each stage. Preserving its important features,...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(91)90075-k
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Loss to follow-up threatens internal and external validity yet little research has examined ways to limit participant attrition. We conducted a systematic review of studies with a primary focus on strategies to retain participants in health care research. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS:We completed searches of Pu...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.11.023
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined whether sociodemographic, health, and psychosocial factors predict stage at diagnosis in 444 women aged 55-84 with newly diagnosed, microscopically confirmed breast cancer. Stage was defined as local or advanced (regional or remote). One of the most interesting predictors of disease stage was living arrang...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90021-r
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous studies have shown that the symptoms of angina pectoris are more prevalent in women than men, than other manifestations of coronary heart disease, with the greatest discrepancies at younger ages. Variation in symptom reliability between genders could be a potential explanation for these differences. The Lipid...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(91)90009-x
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the discriminatory ability of Rasch-based and summative scoring in the context of assessing upper limb function of patients with stroke. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Data were from a cohort study of 497 adults with stroke undergoing physiotherapy. Upper limb function was assessed at admission and disc...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.12.014
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Traditionally, measures have been developed using classical test theory (CTT). This study examines the psychometrics of the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales (parent report) using a modern psychometric approach (i.e., Rasch analysis) to determine if further insight regarding the behavior of the measure can be ga...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.04.014
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we propose a method and discuss the type of data required to estimate age incidence rates from population survey data. While surveys are typically designed to estimate the prevalence of a disease or medical condition, they can also be used to estimate incidence rates. A limitation of survey data, however...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(89)90100-5
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Conduct a systematic review of pediatric randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in high-impact journals to assess the reporting of primary outcomes and the psychometric properties of their measures. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Systematic review with screening and simultaneous data extraction conducted by...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.09.003
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00