Increased risks for random errors are common in outcomes graded as high certainty of evidence.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVES:The aim of article was to assess the risk for random errors in outcomes graded as high certainty of evidence (CoE). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We randomly selected 100 Cochrane reviews with dichotomous outcomes rated as high CoE using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. To detect increased risks for random errors, two investigators independently conducted trial sequential analysis using conventional thresholds for type I (α = 0.05) and type II (β = 0.10) errors. We dually regraded all outcomes with increased risks for random errors and conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses to determine predictors of increased risks for random errors. RESULTS:Overall, 38% (95% confidence interval: 28-47%) of high CoE outcomes had increased risks for random errors. Outcomes assessing harms were more frequently affected than outcomes assessing benefits (47% vs. 12%). Regrading of outcomes with increased random errors showed that 74% should have been downgraded based on current guidance. Regression analyses rendered small absolute risk differences (P = 0.009) and low number of events (P = 0.001) as significant predictors of increased risks for random errors. CONCLUSION:Decisionmakers need to be aware that outcomes rated as high CoE often have increased risks for false-positive or false-negative findings.

journal_name

J Clin Epidemiol

authors

Gartlehner G,Nussbaumer-Streit B,Wagner G,Patel S,Swinson-Evans T,Dobrescu A,Gluud C

doi

10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.10.009

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-02-01 00:00:00

pages

50-59

eissn

0895-4356

issn

1878-5921

pii

S0895-4356(18)30008-8

journal_volume

106

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Clinical practice guidelines were adapted and implemented meeting country-specific requirements--the example of Kazakhstan.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:In a twinning partnership between the Canadian Society for International Health and Kazakhstan's Ministry of Health, a project to build capacity and a process for the adaptation and implementation of international clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) was undertaken. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A pragmatic CPG a...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.05.001

    authors: McGowan J,Muratov S,Tsepke A,Issina A,Slawecki E,Lang ES

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • The Burden of Stroke Scale (BOSS) provides valid and reliable score estimates of functioning and well-being in stroke survivors with and without communication disorders.

    abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:This study describes the conceptual foundation and psychometric properties of the Burden of Stroke Scale (BOSS), a patient-reported health status assessment designed to quantify the physical, cognitive, and psychological burden of stroke. METHODS:Qualitative research methods were used to devel...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.11.016

    authors: Doyle PJ,McNeil MR,Mikolic JM,Prieto L,Hula WD,Lustig AP,Ross K,Wambaugh JL,Gonzalez-Rothi LJ,Elman RJ

    更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00

  • Studies with group treatments required special power calculations, allocation methods, and statistical analyses.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:In some trials, the intervention is delivered to individuals in groups, for example, groups that exercise together. The group structure of such trials has to be taken into consideration in the analysis and has an impact on the power of the trial. Our aim was to provide optimal methods for the design and analy...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.05.007

    authors: Faes MC,Reelick MF,Perry M,Olde Rikkert MG,Borm GF

    更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of the statistical efficiency of case-crossover and case-control designs: application to severe cutaneous adverse reactions.

    abstract::Although case-crossover analyses have lately emerged as an alternative to case-control analyses in epidemiological studies, it is not yet known in which situations they give reliable conclusions. In this work, the case-crossover and the case-control designs were first compared on the basis of a dataset from a publishe...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00404-8

    authors: Viboud C,Boëlle PY,Kelly J,Auquier A,Schlingmann J,Roujeau JC,Flahault A

    更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00

  • Finding bile duct injuries using record linkage: a validated study of complications following cholecystectomy.

    abstract::Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was introduced to Western Australia in 1991 and has become the method of choice for this procedure, although there are concerns about complications, particularly bile duct injuries. Previous studies have investigated this problem but have not confirmed the accuracy of coded information. We...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00043-8

    authors: Valinsky LJ,Hockey RL,Hobbs MS,Fletcher DR,Pikora TJ,Parsons RW,Tan P

    更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00

  • Developing a condition-specific measure of health for patients with dyspepsia and ulcer-related symptoms.

    abstract::A patient-administered instrument for dyspepsia and symptoms suggestive of duodenal or gastric ulcer, based on the type of questions asked when taking a patient's history, was developed and tested using the following steps: literature reviews, devising the questions, testing the responses to the questions using factor...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0895-4356(95)00584-6

    authors: Garratt AM,Ruta DA,Russell I,Macleod K,Brunt P,McKinlay A,Mowat A,Sinclair T

    更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00

  • Characteristics of stroke victims associated with early cardiovascular mortality in their children.

    abstract::We assessed the relationship between characteristics of stroke victims and the risk of early death from coronary or cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) among their children. For each of 55 stroke patients selected from a registry which enrolled patients between 1969 and 1973, an index of their progeny's survival was calcul...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0895-4356(90)90055-t

    authors: Howard G,Evans GW,Toole JF,Tell G,Rose LA,Espeland M,Truscott BL

    更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00

  • Unpublished data can be of value in systematic reviews of adverse effects: methodological overview.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact of including unpublished data on adverse effects in systematic reviews. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We carried out a systematic review of methodological evaluations that compared the quantitative reporting of adverse effects data between published and unpublished sources, in particular, the...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.02.009

    authors: Golder S,Loke YK,Bland M

    更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00

  • ROC area discrimination (ROCAD) curve: a new method of evaluating the discriminating ability of ordinal scales.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve has been frequently used to assess the ability of diagnostic tests to discriminate between individuals with and without a disease. In this paper, we propose to use the ROC area to evaluate the discriminating power of ordinal measures, such as ma...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.11.016

    authors: Kopec JA,Sayre EC

    更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00

  • Measuring health status using the Health Utilities Index: agreement between raters and between modalities of administration.

    abstract::The aim of this study was to evaluate interrater and intermodality agreement in assessing health status using the Health Utilities Index. A random sample from a Dutch cohort of 14-year-old Very Low Birth Weight children and their parents were invited to participate in a face-to-face (n = 150) or telephone (n = 150) in...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00317-6

    authors: Verrips GH,Stuifbergen MC,den Ouden AL,Bonsel GJ,Gemke RJ,Paneth N,Verloove-Vanhorick SP

    更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00

  • A systematic review identified few methods and strategies describing when and how to update systematic reviews.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Systematic reviews (SRs) are convenient summaries of evidence for health care practitioners. They form a basis for clinical practice guidelines and suggest directions for new research. SRs are most helpful if they are current; however, most of them are not being updated. This SR summarizes strategies and meth...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.03.008

    authors: Moher D,Tsertsvadze A,Tricco AC,Eccles M,Grimshaw J,Sampson M,Barrowman N

    更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00

  • Proxy respondents reliably assessed the quality of life of elective cardiac surgery patients.

    abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The level of agreement between index and proxy respondents on assessment of health status of clinical cohorts is variable. There is limited information regarding agreement between cardiac surgery patients and their proxies, and levels of agreement examined across repeated measures. This study e...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.06.010

    authors: Elliott D,Lazarus R,Leeder SR

    更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00

  • FOOTSTEP: a randomized controlled trial investigating the clinical and cost effectiveness of a patient self-management program for basic foot care in the elderly.

    abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Podiatry (chiropody) services are one of the most frequently requested services in primary care. The elderly are given priority access to podiatry services in the UK blocking access for other priority groups. To evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a self-management program as a mea...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00197-5

    authors: Waxman R,Woodburn H,Powell M,Woodburn J,Blackburn S,Helliwell P

    更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00

  • Comparing clinical information with claims data: some similarities and differences.

    abstract::How well can hospital discharge abstracts be used to estimate patient health status? This paper compares information on comorbidity obtained from hospital discharge abstracts for patients undergoing prostatectomy or cholecystectomy at a Winnipeg teaching hospital with clinical data on preoperative medical conditions p...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0895-4356(91)90050-j

    authors: Roos LL,Sharp SM,Cohen MM

    更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical history and biologic age predicted falls better than objective functional tests.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Fall risk assessment is important because the consequences, such as a fracture, may be devastating. The objective of this study was to find the test or tests that best predicted falls in a population-based sample of elderly women. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:The fall-predictive ability of a questionnaire, a sub...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.06.013

    authors: Gerdhem P,Ringsberg KA,Akesson K,Obrant KJ

    更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison between publicly accessible publications, registries, and protocols of phase III trials indicated persistence of selective outcome reporting.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The decision to make protocols of phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) publicly accessible by leading journals was a landmark event in clinical trial reporting. Here, we compared primary outcomes defined in protocols with those in publications describing the trials and in trial registration. STUDY ...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.07.010

    authors: Zhang S,Liang F,Li W

    更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00

  • Reporting of trials presented in conference abstracts needs to be improved.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess how trial information reported in conference abstracts differs to their subsequent full publication. METHODS:Randomized trials reported at the American Society of Clinical Oncology conference (1992) were identified. CENTRAL and PubMed (December 2002) were searched to identify corresponding full pu...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.09.016

    authors: Hopewell S,Clarke M,Askie L

    更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00

  • The Bengali Short Form-36 was acceptable, reliable, and valid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To develop a culturally adapted Bengali version of the Short Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey and to test its acceptability, reliability, and validity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:The US English SF-36 was translated into Bengali after established cross-cultural adaptation...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.05.004

    authors: Feroz AH,Islam MN,ten Klooster PM,Hasan M,Rasker JJ,Haq SA

    更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00

  • Serum albumin and risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, and mortality: the role of cigarette smoking.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Lower levels of serum albumin are associated with increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality as well as with coronary heart disease and stroke incidence. These relationships have been examined with specific focus on the role of cigarette smoking. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A prospective study of ...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.07.001

    authors: Shaper AG,Wannamethee SG,Whincup PH

    更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00

  • Relationships of site of infarction and history of previous infarction with short- and long-term prognosis after acute myocardial infarction in Japan.

    abstract::We studied the outcome in 308 patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) admitted to the coronary care unit of Kobe General Hospital. Short-term outcome (within 28 days after MI) and long-term outcome (more than 28 days) were examined with survival curves to find any relationship with a history of previous MI and ...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0895-4356(92)90186-q

    authors: Nishi N,Nakanishi N,Kuroda K,Koizumi K,Yoshikawa J,Tatara K

    更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00

  • Cluster-randomized controlled trials evaluating complex interventions in general practices are mostly ineffective: a systematic review.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate how frequently complex interventions are shown to be superior to routine care in general practice-based cluster-randomized controlled studies (c-RCTs) and to explore whether potential differences explain results that come out in favor of a complex intervention. STUDY DE...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.10.010

    authors: Siebenhofer A,Paulitsch MA,Pregartner G,Berghold A,Jeitler K,Muth C,Engler J

    更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00

  • Redundant meta-analyses are common in genetic epidemiology.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The massive growth in the publication of meta-analyses may cause redundancy and wasted efforts. We performed a metaepidemiologic study to evaluate the extent of potential redundancy in published meta-analyses in genetic epidemiology. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Using a sample of 38 index meta-analyses of genet...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.05.035

    authors: Sigurdson MK,Khoury MJ,Ioannidis JPA

    更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00

  • A changing relationship between disability and survival in the elderly population: differences by age.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Longitudinal studies estimating the association between disability and mortality in the elderly population have typically assumed disability constant through the follow-up study period. Current knowledge indicates that such assumptions may not be appropriate. Our purpose was to examine this association (disa...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00201-4

    authors: Lamarca R,Ferrer M,Andersen PK,Liestol K,Keiding N,Alonso J

    更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00

  • A structured review of randomized controlled trials of weight loss showed little improvement in health-related quality of life.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the effect of weight-loss interventions on health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs); to conduct a meta-analysis of weight-loss treatment on depressive symptoms; and, to examine methodological and presentation issues that compromise study validity. STUDY DESIGN...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.10.015

    authors: Maciejewski ML,Patrick DL,Williamson DF

    更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00

  • Mini-Mental Status Examination: a short form of MMSE was as accurate as the original MMSE in predicting dementia.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study assesses the properties of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) with the purpose of improving the efficiencies of the methods of screening for cognitive impairment and dementia. A specific purpose was to determine whether an abbreviated version would be as accurate as the original MMSE in pred...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.06.008

    authors: Schultz-Larsen K,Lomholt RK,Kreiner S

    更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00

  • Citation bias of hepato-biliary randomized clinical trials.

    abstract::The objective of this study was to assess whether trials with a positive (i.e., statistically significant) outcome are cited more often than negative trials. We reviewed 530 randomized clinical trials on hepato-biliary diseases published in 11 English-language journals indexed in MEDLINE from 1985-1996. From each tria...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00513-3

    authors: Kjaergard LL,Gluud C

    更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00

  • Epidemiology of adulthood injuries: a quickly changing injury profile in Finland.

    abstract::Although developed societies have undergone many profound changes during recent decades, including urbanization, increased traffic and aging of the populations, epidemiologic information on secular trends in profiles of injuries is limited. We investigated such trends in Finland by selecting from the National Hospital...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00346-2

    authors: Kannus P,Niemi S,Parkkari J,Palvanen M

    更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00

  • The statistical significance of meta-analyses is frequently fragile: definition of a fragility index for meta-analyses.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:Meta-analyses inform clinical practice by summarizing treatment effect estimates based on results from several trials. However, the statistical significance of a meta-analysis (i.e., whether the pooled treatment effect is statistically significant or not) may rely on the outcome of only a few patients from s...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.03.012

    authors: Atal I,Porcher R,Boutron I,Ravaud P

    更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00

  • Changing author counts in five major general medicine journals: effect of author contribution forms.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:Objective and indirect evidence was used to determine whether required author contribution forms were associated with a decrease in author counts in four major general medicine journals (British Medical Journal [BMJ], Journal of the American Medical Association [JAMA], Canadian Medical Association Journal [C...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.03.010

    authors: Baerlocher MO,Gautam T,Newton M,Tomlinson G

    更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00

  • Unconditional and conditional incentives differentially improved general practitioners' participation in an online survey: randomized controlled trial.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To compare the impact of unconditional and conditional financial incentives on response rates among Australian general practitioners invited by mail to participate in an online survey about cancer care and to investigate possible differential response bias between incentive groups. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.09.013

    authors: Young JM,O'Halloran A,McAulay C,Pirotta M,Forsdike K,Stacey I,Currow D

    更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00