Abstract：
:Clinicians confront the classical problem of decision making under uncertainty, but a universal procedure by which they deal with this situation, both in diagnosis and therapy, can be defined. This consists in the choice of a specific course of action from available alternatives so as to reduce uncertainty. Formal analysis evidences that the expected value of this process depends on the a priori probabilities confronted, the discriminatory power of the action chosen, and the values and costs associated with possible outcomes. Clinical problem-solving represents the construction of a systematic strategy from multiple decisional building blocks. Depending on the level of uncertainty the physicians attach to their working hypothesis, they can choose among at least four prototype strategies: pattern recognition, the hypothetico-deductive process, arborization, and exhaustion. However, the resolution of real-life problems can involve a combination of these game plans. Formal analysis of each strategy permits definition of its appropriate a priori probabilities, action characteristics, and cost implications.
journal_name
Clin Chemjournal_title
Clinical chemistryauthors
Werner Msubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-08-01 00:00:00pages
1215-22issue
8 Pt 2eissn
0009-9147issn
1530-8561journal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:A convenient screening procedure for presence of drugs of abuse in urine consists of two steps: adsorption of the drugs from urine onto a paper loaded with cation-exchange resin and detection of the adsorbed drugs by direct radioimmunoassay. The first step can be performed in the field, the second in a central laborat...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Highly purified human lactate dehydrogenase 1 has been used in an interlaboratory evaluation and improvement progran in clinical chemistry in New York State since 1971. Although there are difficulties in determining and assigning the most nearly accurate values for test samples in the absence of a reference method and...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:o-Phthaldialdehdye reagent was used in assaying urea with a miniature centrifugal analyzer. Seventeen samples can be assayed kinetically in 2 min at a current cost of less than a penny per test. The reaction is initiated in the instrument upon simultaneous mixing of the o-phthaldialdehyde reagent containing 10 microli...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Disease-defining chromosomal translocations are seen in various neoplasms, especially in lymphomas and leukemias. Translocation detection at the DNA level is often complicated by chromosomal breakpoints that are distributed over very large regions. We have developed a ligation-based assay [the looped ligatio...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2016.270140
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A method has been developed for the determination of inorganic arsenic [As(III) and As(V)] and its organic metabolites (monomethylarsenic and dimethylarsenic) in urine by flow-injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. The nontoxic seafood-derived arsenobetaine and arsenocholine species were first se...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Plasma concentrations of the peptides midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM), midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), and C-terminal endothelin-1 precursor fragment (CT-proET-1) are increased in various cardiovascular conditions. However, there is limited information about the association a...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2012.193656
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The serum pancreolauryl test has limited sensitivity for detecting mild pancreatic insufficiency. The aim of this study was to optimize the serum pancreolauryl test so as to increase the probability of positive results in patients with chronic pancreatitis. The study had three parts. First, the sampling time was optim...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We evaluated a dual-precipitation method for determining cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subfractions HDL2 and HDL3. After total HDL was isolated by precipitation of very-low-density (VLDL) and low-density (LDL) lipoproteins with polyethylene glycol (Mr 8000), HDL2 was isolated from total HDL by ...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A rapid and precise immunoassay for quantification of total homocysteine in blood samples is presented. The method avoids the use of radioisotopes and chromatographic separations and relies on enzymatic conversion of homocysteine to S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, followed by quantification of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine by ...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This compendium represents what we believe to be the most current and reliable pharmacological data on anticonvulsant drugs. The information presented is derived from determinations of the drugs in plasma or serum by gas--liquid chromatography in studies of the efficacy of anti-epileptic agents. We present information...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Gas6 is a vitamin K-dependent antiapoptotic protein that has been implicated in cardiovascular pathophysiology. We report the development and validation of an ELISA for Gas6, and the variation of plasma Gas6 with hormonal status in a study designed to evaluate the effect of oral contraception on plasma marke...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2007.089102
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We evaluated a newly developed solid-phase immunoassay (EIA) of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT, EC 2.7.7.3) and compared it with the enzymatic assay of TdT involving DNA polymerase. We assessed the precision, performance characteristics, and clinical efficacy of the EIA procedure, using 249 specimens of pe...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monoclonal antibodies were raised against neuron-specific enolase, gamma gamma-enolase, and used in an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA), with mono-disperse magnetizable particles as the solid phase. The assay's sensitivity was 0.4 microgram/L and the interassay coefficient of variation was less than 5% in the working ra...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present the results of measurements of alkaline phosphatase activity from interlaboratory transferability studies conducted by 12 laboratories in five countries. The variability, as demonstrated by within-day precision (CV less than or equal to 2.6%), between-day precision (CV less than or equal to 3.6%), and betwe...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In malignancy, gene mutations frequently occur in tumor suppressor genes such as p53 and are sporadically located. We describe a homogeneous method for amplification and mutation scanning, and apply the method to the p53 gene. METHODS:Using a series of overlapping fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotides comple...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have developed two methods for determining serum concentrations of felbamate, a new anticonvulsant drug. The first method is based on protein precipitation with acetonitrile, followed by HPLC. The between-run CV for this method is 5.7% (mean 55 mg/L), and the linearity extends from 5 to 175 mg/L. Results by this me...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A plasma protein required for the support of ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation was isolated from antihemophilic factor concentrate and radiolabeled with 125I. A double-antibody radioimmunoassay was developed, with use of specific rabbit anti-VIII related antigen serum and goat anti-rabbit globulin. The assay is ...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Taurine was measured in cerebrospinal fluid by reacting it with fluorescamine to form a fluorescent derivative, followed by separation on a reversed-phase column and fluorometric detection and evaluation. The assay is rapid (17 min) and sensitive to as little as 1 mumol/L. The mean value for 27 cerebrospinal fluid sam...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present evidence for the utility of an improved assay for the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzymes 1 and 2 in serum, involving inhibition of the H-subunit of LD by pyruvate at pH 7.1. Results correlate well with the LD-1/total LD ratio as evaluated by immunological assay and, as an index to in...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Concentrations of triglycerides are increased and concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are low in women with hyperandrogenism. These alterations could be related to excessive androgen or estrogen, to hyperinsulinism, or to a combination of these abnormalities. We examined their independent infl...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brain proteins extractable with distilled water or 9 mol/L urea were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. They are examined in relation to the identification of actin, tubulin, neurofilament proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein; proteins of human embryonic neocortex, synaptosomes, myelin, and plasma;...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We measured total and dialyzable calcium concentrations in consecutive sera submitted for routine lithium analysis. Of 98 samples from 61 different individuals, six (6.1%) total calcium results and 32 (33%) dialyzable calcium results were above the respective reference intervals. By comparison, when both total and dia...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the use of streptavidin-hapten derivatives as potential protein-tracer conjugates for competitive-type immunoassays, we labeled streptavidin with cortisol and compared biotin-binding activity of the conjugates with that of unlabeled streptavidin. In this model system, streptavidin labeled with one to ap...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In patient and population samples, generation of analytical results that are comparable and independent of the measurement system, time, and location is essential for the utility of laboratory information supplied in healthcare. Obtaining analytical measurement results with such characteristics is the aim of...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2008.107052
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Binary-system capillary electrophoresis (CE) with head-column field-amplified sample stacking permits determination of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone in 20-microL serum samples. The assay is characterized by a detection limit for both compounds of 80 nmol/L and by excellent linear response over the recommended ther...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Fetuin-A inhibits inflammation and has a protective effect against myocardial ischemia. Its deficiency has been found to be associated with cardiovascular death in patients with end-stage renal failure disease. We investigated the association between plasma fetuin-A and clinical outcome after ST-elevation ac...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2006.084947
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria was detected in a newborn. The progress of the dietary therapy for the disorder was monitored by dual-column "high-performance" liquid chromatography with a computer-controlled photodiode array spectrophotometric detector. This procedure is a quick way to detect and monitor the prog...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Emerging technologies for rapid identification of microbes demonstrate a shift from traditional biochemical and molecular testing algorithms toward methods using mass spectrometry (MS) for the semiquantitative analysis of microbial proteins and genetic elements. This study was performed to assess the diagnos...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2011.161968
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Increased urinary albumin excretion is a well-documented diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for renal disease. Urinary albumin is typically measured in clinical settings by immunoassay methods. However, neither a reference method nor a urine albumin calibration reference material is currently available. ME...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2009.129833
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Determination of the ratio of testosterone to epitestosterone (T/E) in urine is used to detect testosterone administration in athletes, with a ratio > 6 considered as evidence of an offense. We show that administration of ketoconazole, which inhibits testosterone biosynthesis, may be useful for differentiating between...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
