Abstract：
:Melasma is an acquired brown hypermelanosis of the face. Although it is thought that melasma is associated with multiple etiologic factors (pregnancy, gastric, racial, and endocrine), one of the primary causes of its exacerbation appears to be exposure to sunlight. Three patterns of melasma are recognized clinically: (1) a centrofacial pattern, (2) a malar pattern, and (3) a mandibular pattern. Examination of patients with Wood's light (320--400 nm) is useful in classifying the specific type of melasma in correlation with the localization of pigment granules (melanosomes) in the epidermis and dermis. Four types of melasma are described on the basis of Wood's light examination: (1) an epidermal type, (2) a dermal type, (3) a mixed type, and (4) a fourth type, described in patients of dark complexion, in which the lesions, for lack of contrast, are not discernible on Wood's light examination, perhaps due to the increased number of melanosomes in the normal skin of black individuals. Light, histochemical, and electron microscopic studies revealed an increase in number and activity of type-specific melanocytes which appeared to be engaged in increased formation, melanization, and transfer of pigment granules (melanosomes) to the epidermis as well as to the dermis. The melanocyte seems to undergo a functional alteration brought about by a combination of multiple factors, including persistent sun exposure, hormonal factors, and genetic predisposition.
journal_name
J Am Acad Dermatoljournal_title
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatologyauthors
Sanchez NP,Pathak MA,Sato S,Fitzpatrick TB,Sanchez JL,Mihm MC Jrdoi
10.1016/s0190-9622(81)70071-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1981-06-01 00:00:00pages
698-710issue
6eissn
0190-9622issn
1097-6787pii
S0190-9622(81)70071-9journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Because of the relatively rare occurrence of malignant melanoma (MM) of the eyelid, prognostic factors in relation to survival in these patients have not been established. OBJECTIVE:Our purpose was to examine prognostic indicators in relation to survival in patients with MM of the eyelid. METHODS:All patie...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0190-9622(92)70148-9
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the past two decades, systemic μ-opioid receptor antagonists (MORA) have been used in the treatment of various forms of chronic pruritus. In a number of case reports, case series, and controlled trials, treatment with MORA has demonstrated considerable antipruritic effects. In double-blind controlled studies, s...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2009.08.052
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been widely used as an immunosuppressant in organ transplantation. MMF has recently been added to therapeutic regimens for skin disorders. Expanding the use of MMF in dermatology, we describe additional patients with autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases, including 4 cases of pemphi...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(99)70203-3
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipoid proteinosis is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by a diffuse mucocutaneous infiltration with histopathologic deposits that are positive for periodic acid-Schiff reagent and a sudanophil substance. We present a 9-year-old boy with lipoid proteinosis. His parents are siblings. He had classical m...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(86)70045-5
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thrombocytopenia was observed in 3 patients with cutaneous angiosarcoma of the scalp and face. A sudden decrease in the platelet count occurred in association with rapid enlargement of primary or metastatic lesions. Neither antiplatelet antibody nor platelet-associated IgG was detected. Increased serum levels of beta-...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/jd.1999.v40.a95645
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an endogenous reactive oxygen species that contributes to oxidative stress directly as a molecular oxidant and indirectly through free radical generation. Topically applied 1% to 45% H2O2 can be used for a range of clinical purposes, which will be reviewed here in addition to its safety. In...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2019.05.030
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Poor compliance with treatment advice in chronic conditions, such as psoriasis, represents a major challenge to health care professionals. Previous research suggests that the rate of noncompliance in chronic conditions may be as high as 40%. OBJECTIVE:This study was designed to examine self-reported complia...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hirsutism in women is frequently associated with increased levels of androgens. Studies of biochemical changes, however, have yielded conflicting results. This study compares the findings in 30 hirsute women with normal menses and those of 30 hirsute women with abnormal cycles. Of the women with abnormal menstruation,...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0190-9622(90)70011-6
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Infantile hemangiomas of the orbit and eyelid can cause serious ocular problems, such as astigmatism and amblyopia. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography are the best ways to establish the diagnosis and to evaluate the extent of the lesion. Our goal was to correlate the lesion location with the visual ...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2006.05.042
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common and at times severely disfiguring cutaneous viral infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical course of MC in patients with HIV infection and to examine the relation between p...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0190-9622(92)70226-6
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:UVA induces tissue damage via the production of radical oxygen species. Adding antioxidants to UV filters in sunscreens is a novel photoprotective strategy. The topical application of antioxidants in sunscreen can potentially neutralize the UVA-induced free radicals. OBJECTIVES:We sought to assess the degre...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2010.07.009
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The current diagnostic criteria for dermatomyositis (DM) exclude patients without muscle involvement. As a result there is a paucity of research related to the complete spectrum of the disease. OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to evaluate differences in the clinical manifestations of DM seen by dermatol...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2007.08.024
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and a related family member, neurturin (NTN), and their cognate receptors (GFRalpha-1 and GFRalpha-2, for GDNF and NTN, respectively) are distal members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. They are involved in the control of murine hair folli...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2007.10.014
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Efficacy of oral antiviral therapies, ie, acyclovir, valacyclovir (VACV), and famciclovir, for suppression of recurrent genital herpes was studied at different doses and regimens. OBJECTIVE:We sought to compare the clinical efficacies of the different oral antiviral drugs prescribed prophylactically to supp...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2007.02.008
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Reports of necrobiotic granulomas or granuloma annulare in patients with malignant lymphoma are rare. OBJECTIVE:Our intent was to determine any unique clinical or histopathologic features in patients with granuloma annulare and lymphoma. METHODS:We reviewed the medical records and biopsy material from 13 p...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(94)70133-4
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with mental health disorders, but its impact on global mental health symptoms is less clear. OBJECTIVE:To determine the association between pediatric AD and mental health impairment. METHODS:In a cross-sectional study using 2013-2017 United States National Health Interv...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2019.10.019
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presented with multiple pruritic papules and nodules over the trunk and extremities. Biopsy specimens from two of these lesions contained granules within abscesses of the papillary dermis. There were numerous gram-positive cocci within the granules. Culture of one lesi...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(87)80072-5
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary hyperoxaluria encompasses 3 rare genetic disorders of glyoxylate metabolism characterized by excessive urinary excretion of oxalic acid, resulting in oxalosis. Patients typically have recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, leading to chronic renal failure and death from uremia. Oxalate...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1067/mjd.2002.105475
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Various cutaneous signs and syndromes have been associated with hepatitis B virus infection. This is a report of the clinical, pathologic, immunofluorescence, and immunoperoxidase studies of peculiar papular lesions that have been observed to occur during the chronic phase of hepatitis B virus infection. A total of th...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(87)70002-4
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is associated with sun exposure and tanning bed usage and has been rarely reported in association with systemic PUVA. We report the first case of DSAP occurring after topical foot PUVA. ...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1067/mjd.2000.107941
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Topical corticosteroids alone or in combination with other therapies are widely used to treat mycosis fungoides (MF), but data on response rates to their use as monotherapy in MF are limited. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of topical corticosteroid monotherapy in MF; compare sex, age, stage distribution...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2020.05.043
更新日期：2020-05-16 00:00:00
abstract：:We discuss a metastatic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans on the occiput of a 53-year-old man whose initial tumor appeared on his forehead 23 years previously. The pathology of the tumor that recurred at the initial site was fibrosarcomatous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, whereas the metastatic tumor was a pigmented d...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2008.10.053
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Safe and efficacious topical treatments are needed for atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE:We assessed the safety and efficacy of tapinarof cream (2 concentrations and 2 application frequencies) in patients with AD. METHODS:A double-blind, vehicle-controlled, randomized, 6-arm trial (1:1:1:1:1:1) in patients...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2018.06.047
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Betel is a compound of natural substances chewed for its psychostimulating effects. Betel is composed of the nut of the areca palm (Areca catechu), the leaf of the betel pepper (Piper betle), and lime (calcium hydroxide). Approximately 200 million persons chew betel regularly throughout the western Pacific basin and s...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(98)70543-2
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present the case of an American adult patient with eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. The majority of previously reported patients have been Japanese. Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis is a rare condition characterized by recurrent, peripherally expanding, sterile papulopustules and plaques. Hair-bearing areas su...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(86)70061-3
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Conventional therapy of severe bullous pemphigoid (BP) relies on the use of high-dose systemic corticosteroids with or without adjuvants, notably immunosuppressive agents. This approach can result in debilitating and potentially fatal side effects, hence the need to explore alternative therapies. Intravenous...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1067/mjd.2000.112288
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pulsed dye laser treatment and other cosmetic procedures result in significant bruising. Claims have been made regarding the efficacy of topical vitamin K in both preventing and speeding the clearing of bruising; however, well-controlled studies are lacking. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study is to evaluat...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1067/mjd.2002.120465
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two babies were found to have large hemangiomas. Histologically there were many islands of compactly packed mesenchymal cells in the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Electron microscopically there was proliferation of immature endothelial cells and pericytes. Characteristic crystalline lamellae were in the endothe...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(83)70009-5
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dialogues in Dermatology, a monthly audio program from the American Academy of Dermatology, contains discussions between dermatologists on timely topics. Commentaries from Dialogues Editor-in-Chief Warren R. Heymann, MD, are provided after each discussion as a topic summary and are provided here as a special service t...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2007.09.007
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is no topical antiacne medication that acts against all four of the major pathophysiologic features of acne: hyperkeratinization, sebum production, bacterial proliferation, and inflammation. Topical azelaic acid cream helps both to normalize keratinization and to reduce the proliferation of Propionibacterium acn...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1067/mjd.2000.108318
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
