Abstract:
:Soft-tissue detectability in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was evaluated via two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) tests. Investigations included the dependence of detectability on radiation dose, the influence of the asymmetric three-dimensional (3D) noise-power spectrum (NPS) in axial and sagittal or coronal planes, and the effect of prior knowledge on detectability. Custom-built phantoms (approximately 15 cm diameter cylinders) containing soft-tissue-simulating spheres of variable contrast and diameter were imaged on an experimental CBCT bench. The proportion of correct responses (Pcorr) in 2AFC tests was analyzed as a figure of merit, ideally equal to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Pcorr was evaluated as a function of the sphere diameter (1.6-12.7 mm), contrast (20-165 HU), dose (1-7 mGy), plane of visualization (axial/sagittal), apodization filter (Hanning and Ram-Lak), and prior knowledge provided to the observer [ranging from stimulus known exactly (SKE) to stimulus unknown (SUK)]. Detectability limits were characterized in terms of the dose required to achieve a given level of Pcorr (e.g., 70%). For example, a 20 HU stimulus of diameter down to approximately 6 mm was detected with Pcorr 70% at dose > or =2 mGy. Detectability tended to be greater in axial than in sagittal planes, an effect amplified by sharper apodization filters in a manner consistent with 3D NPS asymmetry. Prior knowledge had a marked influence on detectability--e.g., Pcorr for a approximately 6 mm (20 HU) sphere was approximately 55%-65% under SUK conditions, compared to approximately 70%-85% for SKE conditions. Human observer tests suggest practical implications for implementation of CBCT: (i) Detectability limits help to define minimum-dose imaging techniques for specific imaging tasks; (ii) detectability of a given structure can vary between axial and sagittal/coronal planes, owing to the spatial-frequency content of the 3D NPS in relation to the imaging task; and (iii) performance under SKE conditions (e.g., image guidance tasks in which lesion characteristics are known) is maintained at a lower dose than in SUK conditions (e.g., diagnostic tasks in which lesion characteristics are unknown).
journal_name
Med Physjournal_title
Medical physicsauthors
Tward DJ,Siewerdsen JH,Daly MJ,Richard S,Moseley DJ,Jaffray DA,Paul NSdoi
10.1118/1.2790586subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-11-01 00:00:00pages
4459-71issue
11eissn
0094-2405issn
2473-4209journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
MEDICAL PHYSICS文献大全abstract:PURPOSE:Real-time tumor position/shape measurement and dynamic beam tracking techniques allow accurate and continuous irradiation to moving tumor, but there can be a delay of several hundred milliseconds between observation and irradiation. A time-variant seasonal autoregressive (TVSAR) model has been proposed for comp...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4734680
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The local depth dose gradient and the displacement correction factor for Farmer-type ionization chambers are quantified for reference dosimetry at shallow depth in single-layer scanned proton fields. METHOD:Integrated radial profiles as a function of depth (IRPDs) measured at three proton therapy centers were ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.14554
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Magnetic resonance (MR) measurements of relaxation times and diffusion coefficient in tissue have been demonstrated to be sensitive to biological changes induced by radiation therapy. We are currently using mouse models of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) to study tumour response to ionizing radiation by MRI at 9.4...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.2965985
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To validate GPUMCD, a new package for fast Monte Carlo dose calculations based on the GPU (graphics processing unit), as a tool for low-energy single seed brachytherapy dosimetry for specific seed models. As the currently accepted method of dose calculation in low-energy brachytherapy computations relies on sev...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3598441
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a powerful tool for medical screening and diagnosis, where a small capsule is swallowed and moved by means of natural peristalsis and gravity through the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The camera-integrated capsule allows for visualization of the small intestine, a region which ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/mp.12299
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Dedicated breast PET/CT is expected to have utility in local staging, surgical planning, monitoring of therapy response, and detection of residual disease for breast cancer. Quantitative metrics will be integral to several such applications. The authors present a validation of fully 3D data correction schemes f...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3703593
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The use of 4D computed tomography (4D-CT) of the lung is important in lung cancer radiotherapy for tumor localization and treatment planning. Sometimes, dense sampling is not acquired along the superior-inferior direction. This disadvantage results in an interslice thickness that is much greater than in-plane v...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4899185
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This work describes the performance characterization of a cone-beam CT-guided radiosurgery device, the Gamma Knife® Icon™. METHODS:The performance tests have been categorized into: (a) image quality and mechanical integrity; (b) image coregistration fidelity; (c) adaptive treatment delivery quality; (d) high d...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.13073
更新日期:2018-06-29 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Normal patient databases (NPDs) are used to distinguish between normal and abnormal perfusion in SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and have gained wide acceptance in the clinical environment, yet there are limitations to this approach. This study introduces a template-based method for semi-quantitative M...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3595112
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method to correct for geometric image distortion in the x-ray imaging chain, so-called dewarping, has been developed. A global two-dimensional polynomial model of which the degree is optimized is used. The performance of the method has been tested in a number of experiments using images of a plate with a 1 cm spaced...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.598101
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monte Carlo dose calculations will potentially reduce systematic errors that may be present in currently used dose calculation algorithms. However, Monte Carlo calculations inherently contain random errors, or statistical uncertainty, the level of which decreases inversely with the square root of computation time. Our...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.598916
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have recently installed a linear accelerator, modified to allow computer control of several machine parameters during irradiation of the patient. As an initial feasibility study of computer-controlled radiation therapy, its application to produce wedge-shaped dose distributions by moving the collimator jaws has bee...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.594440
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Contrast-enhanced imaging of the breast is frequently used in breast MRI and has recently become more common in mammography. The purpose of this study was to make single-scan contrast-enhanced imaging feasible for photon-counting breast CT (pcBCT) and to assess the spectral performance of a pcBCT scanner by eva...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.14133
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Alpha-emitting radionuclides exhibit a potential advantage for cancer treatments because they release large amounts of ionizing energy over a few cell diameters (50-80 μm), causing localized, irreparable double-strand DNA breaks that lead to cell death. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) approaches using monoclonal antib...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4921997
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The large variation of x-ray fluence at the detector in cone-beam CT (CBCT) poses a significant challenge to detectors' limited dynamic range, resulting in the loss of skinline as well as reduction of CT number accuracy, contrast-to-noise ratio, and image uniformity. The authors investigate the performance of a bowtie...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3017470
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Optoacoustic imaging enables mapping the optical absorption of biological tissue using optical excitation and acoustic detection. Although most image-reconstruction algorithms are based on the assumption of a detector with an isotropic sensitivity, the geometry of the detector often leads to a response with spa...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3589141
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A beam intensity monitor was tested in a 230-MeV proton beam at the Loma Linda Proton Therapy Accelerator during its commissioning at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The intensity monitor was designed to regulate the beam intensity extracted from the proton synchrotron. The proton beam is tunable between 70 and...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.596636
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An x-ray computed microtomography system for specimen and small animal imaging was built and tested. The system used seventeen 48-microm-wide detector arrays (a charge coupled device camera) and helical acquisition techniques. Images were acquired using 540 rays/view and 400 views/2pi. The modulation transfer function...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.598662
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) is being increasingly used in the radiation oncology community to treat tumors in extra-cranial sites such as spine, lung, liver, pancreas and prostate. There are well established RTOG protocols (e.g. RTOG 0631 for spine, RTOG 0813 and 0915 for lung and RTOG 0438 for liver) t...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4736142
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry has been recently introduced in radiation therapy as a potential alternative to the thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) system. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using OSL point dosimeters in the energy range used in diagnostic imaging. ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3602456
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To demonstrate, via Monte Carlo simulation, that an image obtained from the patient-generated scattered radiation forced to impinge on the detector from a known direction by means of parallel-focused grids, can be used to complement the information conveyed by the primary image, such that accurate stereoscopic ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.12712
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) is a fast, low-dose three-dimensional (3D) imaging approach which yields slice images with excellent in-plane resolution, though low plane-to-plane resolution. A stack of DTS slices can be reconstructed from a single limited-angle scan, with typical scan angles ranging from 10 degrees to 40...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.2756941
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this work is to assess the suitability and performance of a new dosimeter system with a novel geometry for the quality assurance (QA) of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). The new dosimeter system consists of a hollow cylinder (15 and 25 cm inner and outer diameters) with 124 diodes embedded in ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3117563
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A contrast-detail (CD) experiment was performed to study the effect of lossy compression on computed radiographic (CR) images. Digital CR images of a phantom were compressed by quantizing the full-frame discrete cosine transform and Huffman encoding the result. Since low-contrast detectability is directly linked to an...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.597489
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Both spatial and biological information are necessary in order to perform true optimization of a treatment plan and for predicting clinical outcome. The goal of this work is to develop an enhanced treatment plan evaluation tool which incorporates biological parameters and retains spatial dose information. METH...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3497152
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The NSD equation, D = 1850 x T0.11 x N0.24, is a celebrated transmogrification of Cohen's two well-known collations of data on response to clinical irradiations (3 degrees erythema and 0.90 ablation of skin cancer) in which the relation of D and T is fixed by the data selected by Cohen and the additional constraint th...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.595034
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An easy-to-use phantom has been constructed for checking the accuracy of a stereotactic computed tomography localization system. This phantom has been used on a commercially available stereotactic radiosurgery system. With this system, the phantom reference point, whose location is established by means of a precision ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.597034
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The recent development of multifocal stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) using a single isocenter volumetric modulated arc theory (VMAT) technique warrants a re-examination of the quality assurance (QA) tolerances for routine mechanical QA recommended by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4962471
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To quantify the needle tip detection errors in ultrasound images due to bevel-tip orientation in relation to the location on template grid. METHODS:Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) system (BK Medical) with physical template grid and 18-gauge bevel-tip (20-deg beveled angle) brachytherapy needle (Bard Medical, Cov...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4734916
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An in vitro radiographic technique which uses saline/iodine displacement has been developed to study the thickness of bone-equivalent and soft-tissue-equivalent materials within atherosclerotic plaques in arterial specimens which have been cut open longitudinally and laid flat. Results concerning the optimization of t...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.597916
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00