Abstract：
:One of the more interesting and complex phenomena involving neurohypophysial hormones is the milk ejection reflex and the events surrounding it. Accordingly, many investigations over the years have taken up the challenge of elucidating its myriad aspects. Much has been learned from in vivo preparations about the sequence of events that so regularly occurs: important priming by maternal behaviours, the intermittent rhythms, gating of bursting, synchrony of the oxytocin (OXT) neuronal bursts emitted intermittently in response to the continuous suckling of the young and the factors that influence the amplitude of the bursts/milk ejections (e.g. number of suckling pups). In vivo electrophysiological studies are constrained by the infeasibility of routinely recording transmembrane events and, therefore, cannot offer detailed membrane and/or synaptic analyses. Recent studies have developed an in vitro model of OXT neuronal bursting that has allowed more mechanistic analyses of these bursts as well as factors involved in their generation and structure. Here we review many of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that have been shown to underlie the milk ejection bursts, as revealed by in vitro analyses.
journal_name
Prog Brain Resjournal_title
Progress in brain researchauthors
Hatton GI,Wang YFdoi
10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00414-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-01 00:00:00pages
155-66eissn
0079-6123issn
1875-7855pii
S0079-6123(08)00414-7journal_volume
170pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:In the "Histology of the Nervous System" (Histologie, Spanish edition, 1899, 1904; French translation, 1909, 1911; all citations are from the American translation, 1995) Cajal did not only describe the origins and central pathways of cranial nerves but his detailed observations led him to numerous conclusions about th...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(02)36036-9
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rebound nystagmus, a common cerebellar sign, is a transient nystagmus that appears on returning to straight-ahead gaze after prolonged eccentric gaze. The slow phases of rebound nystagmus are in the direction of prior eccentric gaze. After eccentric gaze, healthy subjects also show rebound nystagmus when fixation is r...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.04.040
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present results of a study of torsional eye movements evoked by earth-vertical accelerations along the subject's longitudinal axis. The earth-vertical stimulus leads to a gravito-inertial acceleration vector that changes magnitude but not direction. It can therefore be viewed as a dynamic change of the gravity leve...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00646-8
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The target article describes an interesting study, which provides some challenging findings regarding athletes' pathway to excellence. The suggested links between critical life events, need for success, personal characteristics, and eventual performance level make sense from a psychodynamic perspective. This commentar...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.02.004
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The noradrenergic (NA) afferent projection to the cerebellar cortex, which originates mainly from the locus coeruleus (LC), may act on the target neurons by utilizing both alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors. Experiments performed in decerebrate cats have shown that unilateral injection into the vermal cortex of the cerebel...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63828-5
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dorsal striatum (caudate putamen) contains two types of GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that are distinguished by the expression of either the opioid peptide, enkephalin, or the opioid peptide, dynorphin, as well as the tachykinin substance P. Pharmacological studies suggest that these peptides modulate loca...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60016-2
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PTSD arises by definition as a direct consequence of the experience of an acute severe stressor. The formation of traumatic memory and its extinction, sympathetic and adrenocortical stress systems activity in relation to individual vulnerability form the core of animal models for PTSD. ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)67008-3
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tinnitus has many similarities with the symptoms of neurological disorders such as paresthesia and central neuropathic pain. There is considerable evidence that the symptoms and signs of some forms of tinnitus and central neuropathic pain are caused by functional changes in specific parts of the central nervous system...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)66004-X
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The BBB is a target for some peptide signals, as demonstrated by our group for arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and atriopeptin (ANP). Peptide molecules contacting the luminal surface of endothelial cells interact with specific high-affinity binding sites. The minimal simple diffusion of peptide molecules across the layer o...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62330-4
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Basic tendencies to detect and respond to significant events are present in the simplest single cell organisms and persist throughout all invertebrates and vertebrates. Within vertebrates, the overall brain plan is highly conserved, though differences in size and complexity also exist. The forebrain differs the most b...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53860-4.00021-0
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nervous system can generate rhythms of various frequencies; on the low-frequency side, we have the circuits regulating circadian rhythms with a 24-h period, while on the high-frequency side we have the motor circuits that underlie flight in a hummingbird. Given the ubiquitous nature of rhythms, it is surprising th...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53613-6.00004-6
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most people are experts in face recognition. We propose that the special status of this particular body part in telling individuals apart is the result of a developmental process that heavily biases human infants and children to attend towards the eyes of others. We review the evidence supporting this proposal, includ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)64018-7
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Essential infantile esotropia (EIE) is often attributed to a primary disturbance within the visual cortex based upon the findings of monocular horizontal optokinetic asymmetry and correlative horizontal motion detection asymmetry. However, these physiologic aberrations conform to what would be observed if the visual c...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.04.001
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In our overview, we will attempt to justify the use of animal models and suggest that it is the only way to make the successive transitions between changes occurring at the molecular and cellular levels and changes at the level of behaviour in the intact organism. We will also stress the importance of criteria that ha...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)00016-7
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system undergoes dramatic morphological plasticity in response to physiological activation during parturition/lactation and dehydration, including somatic swelling, decreased glial coverage and increased synaptic innervation of the magnocellular neuroendocrine cells. Recent in-vitro e...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(02)39011-3
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The complex migrations of neurons born in the dorsal neural tube of the isthmic and rhombomere l (rl) domains complicate the delineation of the cerebellar primordium. We show that Purkinje cells (P) are likely generated over a wide territory before gathering in the future cerebellar primordium under the developing ext...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(04)48003-0
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It was generally accepted by the early 1960s that proton beam radiosurgery was too complex and impractical. The need was seen for a new machine. The beam design had to be as good as a proton beam. It was also decided that a static design was preferable even if the evolution of that notion is no longer clear. Complex c...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-63520-4.00007-7
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While a basic locomotor rhythm is centrally generated by spinal circuits, descending pathways are critical for ensuring appropriate anticipatory modifications of gait to accommodate uneven terrain. Neurons in the motor cortex command the changes in muscle activity required to modify limb trajectory when stepping over ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(03)43025-2
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Puerperal psychosis, an episode of mania or psychosis precipitated by childbirth follows approximately one in 1000 deliveries. The evidence of clinical, outcome and genetic studies supports the hypothesis that the majority of puerperal psychotic episodes are manifestations of an affective disorder diathesis with a pue...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(01)33024-8
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The receptor tyrosine kinase B, TrkB, is the high-affinity receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Much evidence supports a role for TrkB signaling in excitatory synapse formation. There have been a number of recent advances in understanding the cell biology of TrkB-mediated excitatory synaptogenesis. T...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(06)57002-5
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Normal brain function requires constant adaptation as an organism interacts with the environment and learns to associate important sensory stimuli with appropriate motor actions. Neurological disorders may disrupt these learned associations, potentially requiring new functional pathways to be formed to replace the los...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53355-5.00006-3
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The idea of the dentate gyrus as a gate or filter at the entrance to the hippocampus, blocking or filtering incoming excitation from the entorhinal cortex, has been an intriguing one. Here we review the historical development of the idea, and discuss whether it may be possible to be more specific in defining this gate...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)63032-5
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Otoacoustic emissions can be used to study cochlear function in an objective, non-invasive and rapid manner. These and other desirable features of emissions have inspired a significant amount of investigation into the practicalities of utilizing evoked emissions as clinical tests of hearing. Variables which affect the...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62265-7
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Injuries to the adult mammalian spinal cord often lead to severe damage to both ascending (sensory) pathways and descending (motor) nerve pathways without the perspective of complete functional recovery. Future spinal cord repair strategies should comprise a multi-factorial approach addressing several issues, includin...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(03)46029-9
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intron-specific probes measure heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA) levels and thus approximate the transcription rates of genes, in part because of the rapid turnover of this intermediate form of RNA in the cell nucleus. Previously, we used oxytocin (Oxt)- and vasopressin (Avp)- intron-specific riboprobes to measure changes in ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00404-4
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Characteristic features of autism include atypical social perception and social-communication skills, and atypical visual attention, alongside rigid and repetitive thinking and behavior. Debate has focused on whether the later emergence of atypical social skills is a consequence of attention problems early in life, or...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53884-0.00025-7
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cognitive changes that occur with ageing are usually referred to as 'age-related cognitive decline'. The most pronounced changes may be found in the executive functions that require integrity of the prefrontal cortical circuitry. With age, sleep also changes profoundly, with more sleep fragmentation, earlier awake...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53702-7.00011-7
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sub-lethal exposure to practically any harmful stimulus has been shown to induce consequent protection against more severe stress. This preconditioning (PC) effect may be achieved by exposure to different stressors, indicating that the induction of tolerance involves activation of common protective pathways. Chronic e...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)61025-X
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder that can affect any individual at a given instance. Current treatment options for SCI include the use of high dose methylprednisolone sodium succinate, a corticosteroid, surgical interventions to stabilize and decompress the spinal cord, intensive m...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)61015-7
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regaining any locomotor function after spinal cord injury is not only of immediate importance for affected patients but also for clinical research as it allows to investigate mechanisms underlying motor impairment and locomotor recovery. Clinical scores inform on functional outcomes that are clinically meaningful to v...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2014.12.004
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
