Lessons from helping behavior in rats.

abstract：:Recent technological advances have enabled the use of different optical methods to activate neurons, including 'caged' glutamate, photoactivation of genetically engineered cascades, and direct two-photon excitation. The ability to use light as a stimulation tool provides, in principle, a non-invasive method for the te...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Callaway EM,Yuste R

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AMPA receptor (AMPAR) complexes comprise four of the AMPAR subunits GluA1-4 and several additional interacting proteins. Subunit composition determines AMPAR function. However, AMPAR function depends to a large extent also on interacting proteins, which influence trafficking to the cell surface, activity-dependent sub...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Jacobi E,von Engelhardt J

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sex differences in the nervous system are found throughout the animal kingdom. Here, we discuss three prominent genetic models: nematodes, fruit flies, and mice. In all three, differential cell death is central to sexual differentiation and shared molecular mechanisms have been identified. Our knowledge of the precise...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Forger NG,de Vries GJ

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animals respond to sensory cues emitted by their conspecifics by initiating a repertoire of sex-specific social behaviors, such as mating, fighting, and parental care. These behavioral responses are thought to be largely driven by genetically pre-programmed circuits. However, they can also vary significantly according...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Li Y,Dulac C

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhythms are a prominent signature of brain activity. Their expression is correlated with numerous examples of healthy information processing and their fluctuations are a marker of disease states. Yet, their causal or epiphenomenal role in brain function is still highly debated. We review recent studies showing brain r...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Jones SR

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ambiguous figures that may take on the appearance of two or more distinct forms have fascinated philosophers and psychologists for generations. Recently, several laboratories have studied the neuronal basis of perceptual appearance at the level of single neurons in the cerebral cortex. Experiments that integrate neuro...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Parker AJ,Krug K

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The importance of the medial temporal lobe to episodic memory has been recognized for decades. Recent human fMRI findings have begun to delineate the functional roles of different MTL regions, most notably the hippocampus, for the retrieval of episodic memories. Importantly, these studies have also identified a networ...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Rugg MD,Vilberg KL

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The study of spatial maps of the ventral sensory-motor cortex (vSMC) dates back to the earliest cortical stimulation studies. This review surveys a number of recent and historical reports of the features and function of spatial maps within vSMC towards the human behavior of speaking. Representations of the vocal tract...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Conant D,Bouchard KE,Chang EF

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the presence of neuromodulators in mammalian sensory systems has been noted for some time, a groundswell of evidence has now begun to document the scope of these regulatory mechanisms in several sensory systems, highlighting the importance of neuromodulation in shaping feature extraction at all levels of neur...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Hurley LM,Devilbiss DM,Waterhouse BD

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of the function of the basal forebrain have focused on cholinergic neurons that project to cortical and limbic structures critical for various cognitive abilities. Recent experiments suggest that these neurons serve a modulatory function in cognition, by optimizing cortical information processing and influenci...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Baxter MG,Chiba AA

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biochemical basis of circadian timekeeping is best characterized in cyanobacteria. The structures of its key molecular players, KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC are known and these proteins can reconstitute a remarkable circadian oscillation in a test tube. KaiC is rhythmically phosphorylated and its phospho-status is a marke...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Egli M,Johnson CH

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurofilaments are proteins selectively expressed in the cytoskeleton of neurons, and increased levels are a marker of damage. Elevated neurofilament levels can serve as a marker of ongoing disease activity as well as a tool to measure response to therapeutic intervention. The potential utility of neurofilaments has d...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Gordon BA

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sex steroid hormones exert a profound influence on the sexual differentiation and function of the neural circuits that mediate dimorphic behaviors. Both estrogen and testosterone are essential for male typical behaviors in many species. Recent studies with genetically modified mice provide important new insights into ...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Wu MV,Shah NM

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ionotropic AMPA-type glutamate receptors and G-protein-coupled metabotropic GABAB receptors are key elements of neurotransmission whose cellular functions are determined by their protein constituents. Over the past couple of years unbiased proteomic approaches identified comprehensive sets of protein building blocks o...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Bettler B,Fakler B

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The large capacity of episodic memory is thought to be supported by the emergence of distinct hippocampal cell assemblies for unrelated memories, such that interference is minimized. In large-scale population recordings, the orthogonal nature of hippocampal representations across environments is evident in the complet...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Sasaki T,Leutgeb S,Leutgeb JK

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic administration of opiates or cocaine has been shown to alter the activity or expression of diverse types of cellular proteins in specific target neurons within the central nervous system. Prominent examples include signaling proteins, such as receptors, G proteins, second-messenger synthetic enzymes, and prote...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Nestler EJ

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, interest has grown in the ability to manipulate, in a temporally precise fashion, the electrical activity of specific neurons embedded within densely wired brain circuits, in order to reveal how specific neurons subserve behaviors and neural computations, and to open up new horizons on the clinical tr...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Bernstein JG,Garrity PA,Boyden ES

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Schizophrenia remains a daunting challenge for efforts aimed at identifying fundamental pathophysiological processes and to develop evidence-based effective treatments and interventions. One reason for the lack of progress lies in the fact that the pathophysiology of schizophrenia has been predominantly conceived in t...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Uhlhaas PJ

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies suggest that endocannabinoids act as retrograde messengers at many synapses in the central nervous system. Activation of phospholipases, either through calcium-mediated or receptor-mediated signaling, leads to the formation and release of endocannabinoids. These lipophilic signaling molecules diffuse to...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Kreitzer AC,Regehr WG

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How is an ant-equipped with a brain that barely exceeds the size of a pinhead-capable of achieving navigational marvels? Even though evidences suggest that navigation is a multimodal process, ants heavily depend on olfactory cues-of pheromonal and non-pheromonal nature-for foraging and orientation. Recent studies have...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Steck K

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Birds commonly use sound for communication between the sexes. In many songbird species, only males sing and there are pronounced sex differences in the neural song control circuits. By contrast, the auditory circuitry is largely similar in males and females. Both sexes learn to recognize vocalizations heard as juvenil...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Brenowitz EA,Remage-Healey L

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past year, several key molecular components of the RNA trafficking pathway in myelinating cells have been identified: distinct cis-acting elements for RNA transport and localization have been characterized in myelin basic protein mRNA; hnRNP A2 has been identified as a trans-acting factor in oligodendrocytes th...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Carson JH,Kwon S,Barbarese E

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past years, major advances have been made in understanding the sequential events involved in neural plate patterning. Positional information is already conferred to cells of the neural plate at the time of its induction in the ectoderm. The interplay between the BMP- and the Fgf- signaling pathways leads to...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Rhinn M,Picker A,Brand M

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent autopsy and/or quantitative magnetic resonance imaging studies of autistic patients have identified agenesis of the superior olive, dysgenesis of the facial nucleus, reduced numbers of Purkinje neurons, hypoplasia of the brainstem and posterior cerebellum, and increased neuron-packing density of the medial, cor...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Courchesne E

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depression, conceptualized as major depressive disorder (MDD), is a complex psychiatric disorder with multiple behavioral changes and alterations in various brain regions. Biochemically, serotonin and others substances like GABA, glutamate, norepinephrin, adrenaline/noradrenaline play an essential role in the pathogen...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Northoff G

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The idea that visual signals relayed by the parvocellular and magnocellular subdivisions of the lateral geniculate nucleus remain segregated in the cerebral cortex has attracted considerable attention. It has been proposed that parvocellular contributions dominate in the temporal visual cortex, and that magnocellular ...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Maunsell JH

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell-cell communication directs the development of photoreceptor cells in the Drosophila retina. A recent set of studies has provided a genetic dissection of one of these interactions, the induction of the R7 photoreceptor cell by the neighboring R8 photoreceptor cell. The results from these experiments shape our unde...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Krämer H,Cagan RL

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Developing axons appear to navigate to their targets partly in response to long-range diffusible chemoattractants secreted by target cells. The past year has seen the identification of the first target-derived attractants for developing axons, the netrins. Target-derived diffusible factors have also been implicated in...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Kennedy TE,Tessier-Lavigne M

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drosophila melanogaster has historically been the premier model system for understanding the molecular and genetic bases of complex behaviors. In the last decade technical advances, in the form of new genetic tools and electrophysiological and optical methods, have allowed investigators to begin to dissect the neurona...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Griffith LC

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:mRNA localization and regulated translation take central roles in axon guidance and synaptic plasticity. By spatially restricting gene expression within neurons, local protein synthesis provides growth cones and synapses with the capacity to autonomously regulate their structure and function. Studies in a variety of s...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Martin KC

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00