Stimulating neurons with light.

abstract：:Cloning of the Huntington's disease gene uncovered huntingtin, which is remarkable for its lack of similarity with known proteins despite its large size, approximately 350 kDa. Subsequent experiments established that huntingtin has an as yet unknown function, crucial for embryonic development and neurogenesis. Recent ...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Gusella JF,MacDonald ME

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mosquitoes use their sense of smell to find hosts, nectar, and oviposition sites, and to avoid repellents. A small number of mosquito species are adapted to feed on humans and have a major impact on public health by transmitting diseases such as malaria, dengue and filariasis. The application of odorants for behaviora...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Ray A

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trans-synaptic interactions organize the multiple steps of synaptic development and are critical to generate fully functional neuronal circuits. While trans-synaptic interactions are primarily mediated by cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), some directly involve ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). Here, we review the...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Fossati M,Charrier C

更新日期：2020-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The pinnipeds provide a variety of clues to those interested in the vocal learning capabilities of non-human animals. Observational and experimental studies of seals, sea lions, and walruses reveal elements of vocal development, contextual control, plasticity in expression and learning, and even imitation of complex s...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Reichmuth C,Casey C

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aging peripheral nervous system (PNS) is prone to a number of disorders, including the development of neuropathies and increased regenerative failure. Although the basic mechanisms of the aging PNS are still rather murky, recent work has revealed that 'old' Schwann cells acquire a number of dysfunctions in mammals...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Painter MW

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The search for quantifiable biological mediators of genetic risk or 'intermediate phenotypes' is an essential strategy in psychiatric neuroscience and a useful tool for exploring the complex relationships between genes, neural circuits and behaviors. In recent years, the examination of connectivity-based intermediate ...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Cao H,Dixson L,Meyer-Lindenberg A,Tost H

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most high-level sensory neurons have complex, nonlinear response properties; a comprehensive characterization of these properties remains a formidable challenge. Recent studies using complex sensory stimuli combined with linear and nonlinear analyses have provided new insights into the neuronal response properties in ...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Touryan J,Dan Y

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sound is encoded by spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the hearing organ, the cochlea, with great temporal, spectral and intensity resolution. When hearing fails, electric stimulation by implanted prostheses can partially restore hearing. Optical stimulation promises a fundamental advance of hearing restoration over el...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Moser T

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The established function of oligodendrocytes and their progenitors is to drive the cellular events of myelination, a highly diversified process necessary to match the needs of various neuronal subtypes and networks. The morphological and molecular heterogeneity of oligodendrocytes and their progenitors point to functi...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Dimou L,Simons M

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent years have seen cytoskeleton dynamics emerging as a key player in axon regeneration. The cytoskeleton, in particular microtubules and actin, ensures the growth of neuronal processes and maintains the singular, highly polarized shape of neurons. Following injury, adult central axons are tipped by a dystrophic st...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Blanquie O,Bradke F

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Visual attention operates by biasing competitive interactions between neural representations, favoring relevant over irrelevant visual inputs. Attention can enhance the processing of relevant information using location-based, feature-based or object-based selection mechanisms. Studies using event-related potential and...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Hopf JM,Schoenfeld MA,Heinze HJ

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biology provides examples of efficient machines which greatly outperform conventional technology. Designers in neuromorphic engineering aim to construct electronic systems with the same efficient style of computation. This task requires a melding of novel engineering principles with knowledge gleaned from neuroscience...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Liu SC,Delbruck T

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Circadian clocks organize neural processes, such as motor activities, into near 24-hour oscillations and adaptively synchronize these rhythms to the solar cycle. Recently, the first mammalian clock genes have been found. Unpredicted diversity in signaling pathways and clock-controlled gating of signals that modulate t...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Gillette MU

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Comparative studies over the past year have revealed two new insights into the role of neuropeptides in the evolution of social behaviors. First, across vertebrate taxa, certain neuropeptide effects appear to be gender-specific. Second, species variations in receptor gene structure can alter neuropeptide receptor dist...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Insel TR,Young LJ

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pruning, a process by which neurons selectively remove exuberant or unnecessary processes without causing cell death, is crucial for the establishment of mature neural circuits during animal development. Yet relatively little is known about molecular and cellular mechanisms that govern neuronal pruning. Holometabolous...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Yu F,Schuldiner O

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in multi-electrode recording have brought us closer to understanding how visual information is encoded by populations of retinal ganglion cells. By monitoring the visual responses of many ganglion cells at once, it is now possible to examine how ganglion cells act together to encode a visual scene. ...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Nirenberg S,Latham PE

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animals respond to sensory cues emitted by their conspecifics by initiating a repertoire of sex-specific social behaviors, such as mating, fighting, and parental care. These behavioral responses are thought to be largely driven by genetically pre-programmed circuits. However, they can also vary significantly according...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Li Y,Dulac C

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fast synaptic inhibition is largely mediated by GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs), ligand-gated chloride channels that play an essential role in the control of cell and network activity in the brain. Recent work has demonstrated that the delivery, number and stability of GABA(A)Rs at inhibitory synapses play a key role in...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Smith KR,Kittler JT

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This past year has seen significant advances in our understanding of the physiology of emotion. Attention continues to focus on the amygdala and its interconnections with prefrontal cortical regions. New evidence underscores the importance of lateralization for emotion. There are also new findings on the physiological...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Davidson RJ,Sutton SK

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the mouse olfactory system, there are approximately 1000 types of odorant receptors (ORs), which perform multiple functions in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). In addition to detecting odors, the functional OR protein ensures the singular gene choice of the OR by negative-feedback regulation. ORs also direct the a...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Imai T,Sakano H

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression of vnd in ventral, ind in intermediate, and msh in dorsal columns of fly neurectoderm, and of homologous gene families in corresponding domains of vertebrate neurectoderm, suggests that elements of dorsoventral neural patterning have been evolutionarily conserved. However, upstream signaling pathways regula...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Cornell RA,Ohlen TV

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The emergence of neuronal diversity during development of the nervous system relies on dynamic changes in the epigenetic landscape of neural stem cells and their progeny. Targeted DamID (TaDa) is proving invaluable in identifying the genome-wide binding sites of chromatin-associated proteins in vivo, without fixation,...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： van den Ameele J,Krautz R,Brand AH

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cognitive neuroimaging maps the brain locations of mental operations. This process is iterative, as no single study can fully characterize a mental operation or its brain location. This iterative discovery process, in combination with the location-reporting standard (i.e. spatial coordinates) of the cognitive neuroima...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Fox PT,Parsons LM,Lancaster JL

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroscientists spent decades debating whether synaptic plasticity was presynaptically or postsynaptically expressed. It was eventually concluded that plasticity depends on many factors, including cell type. More recently, it has become increasingly clear that plasticity is regulated at an even finer grained level; it...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Larsen RS,Sjöström PJ

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At least one non-human primate species-the marmoset monkey-exhibits developmental processes similar to human vocal development. These processes include babbling-like early vocal output and a role for social feedback in changing this output into mature-sounding vocalizations. Such parallel behaviors provide a window th...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Ghazanfar AA,Zhang YS

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biochemical basis of circadian timekeeping is best characterized in cyanobacteria. The structures of its key molecular players, KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC are known and these proteins can reconstitute a remarkable circadian oscillation in a test tube. KaiC is rhythmically phosphorylated and its phospho-status is a marke...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Egli M,Johnson CH

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cerebellar long-term depression is a persistent, input-specific attenuation of the parallel fiber-Purkinje neuron synapse induced by co-activation of parallel fibers and climbing fibers. This phenomenon endows the Purkinje neuron with a powerful associative computational ability. Recent investigations have provided st...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Linden DJ,Connor JA

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Classical conditioning, the simplest form of associative learning, is one of the most studied paradigms in behavioural psychology. Since the formal description of classical conditioning by Pavlov, lesion studies in animals have identified a number of anatomical structures involved in, and necessary for, classical cond...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Büchel C,Dolan RJ

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is equipped with a sophisticated olfactory sensory system that permits it to recognize and discriminate hundreds of discrete odorants. The perception of these odorants is essential for the animal to identify relevant food sources and suitable sites for egg-laying. Advances in th...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Vosshall LB

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Though many neuronal cell fate decisions result in reproducible outcomes, stochastic choices often lead to spatial randomization of cell subtypes. This is often the case in sensory systems where expression of a specific sensory receptor gene is selected randomly from a set of possible outcomes. Here, we describe recen...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Johnston RJ Jr,Desplan C

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00