Abstract:
:Classical conditioning, the simplest form of associative learning, is one of the most studied paradigms in behavioural psychology. Since the formal description of classical conditioning by Pavlov, lesion studies in animals have identified a number of anatomical structures involved in, and necessary for, classical conditioning. In the 1980s, with the advent of functional brain imaging techniques, particularly positron emission tomography (PET), it has been possible to study the functional anatomy of classical conditioning in humans. The development of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)--in particular single-trial or event-related fMRI--has now considerably advanced the potential of neuroimaging for the study of this form of learning. Recent event-related fMRI and PET studies are adding crucial data to the current discussion about the putative role of the amygdala in classical fear conditioning in humans.
journal_name
Curr Opin Neurobioljournal_title
Current opinion in neurobiologyauthors
Büchel C,Dolan RJdoi
10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00078-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-04-01 00:00:00pages
219-23issue
2eissn
0959-4388issn
1873-6882pii
S0959-4388(00)00078-7journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Action potential conduction in myelinated nerve fibers depends on a polarized axonal membrane. Voltage-gated Na(+) and K(+) channels are clustered at nodes of Ranvier and mediate the transmembrane currents necessary for rapid saltatory conduction. Paranodal junctions flank nodes and function as attachment sites for my...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2006.08.003
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abstract::The Drosophila visual system offers an excellent opportunity for studying the development of proper retinotopic connections at the level of individual identifiable cell types. Recent work suggests that, despite obvious anatomical and developmental differences, at least some of the general developmental strategies oper...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0959-4388(93)90035-w
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abstract::Sustained activity has been recorded in the prefrontal cortex during working memory tasks. First, we compare the anatomical distribution of this activity in humans and monkeys. Then, we show that it reflects many factors, maintenance of the items presented, preparation for the response, transformation of the items dur...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2004.03.003
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abstract::Delineating the lineage of neural cells that captures the progressive steps in their specification is fundamental to understanding brain development, organization, and function. Since the earliest days of embryology, lineage questions have been addressed with methods of increasing specificity, capacity, and resolution...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2017.10.013
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analyzing data from experiments involves variables that we neuroscientists are uncertain about. Efficiently calculating with such variables usually requires Bayesian statistics. As it is crucial when analyzing complex data, it seems natural that the brain would "use" such statistics to analyze data from the world. And...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2014.01.003
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abstract::Almost 30 years ago, actin was identified as the major cytoskeletal component of dendritic spines. Since then, its role in the remarkable dynamics of spine morphology have been detailed with live-cell views establishing that spine shape dynamics are an important requirement for synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2010.06.009
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abstract::The striatum is a hub in the basal ganglia circuitry controlling goal directed actions and habits. The loss of its dopaminergic (DAergic) innervation in Parkinson's disease (PD) disrupts the ability of the two principal striatal projection systems to respond appropriately to cortical and thalamic signals, resulting in...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2017.08.004
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abstract::Emerging evidences linking pathological mechanisms of prions and tauopathies are accumulating. However, Tau assemblies do not yet fulfill all the criteria of prions. Here, we review recent data pointing similarities between prions and tauopathies and discuss the still existing uncertainties. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2019.11.022
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nearly all studies of natural variation within clock genes involve the period (per) locus, which was originally isolated in the fruit-fly. Intra- and interspecific work on per has focused mostly on a region of Thr-Gly or Ser-Gly repeats, which show rapid length and sequence evolution. The functional implications of nu...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(98)80096-2
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A critical review of the role of the cerebellum in motor learning is presented. Specifically, the hypothesis that the climbing fibers that issue from the inferior olive serve to modify the responsiveness of cerebellar Purkinje cells is evaluated. It is concluded that there is no convincing evidence, at this time, to s...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0959-4388(93)90168-x
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synapses are functional units of the nervous system, through which information is transferred between neurons. The development and activity-dependent modification of synapses require temporally and spatially controlled modulation of gene expression. microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as essential regulators of gene expre...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2017.02.014
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in the identification of factors that inhibit axon extension lead us to suggest that there exist at least two functionally distinct categories of inhibitory factors: those that inhibit the motile apparatus of the growth cone, and those that destabilize interactions of the growth cone with the substratu...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0959-4388(94)90005-1
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neural oscillations are ubiquitous in olfactory systems of mammals, insects and molluscs. Neurophysiological and computational investigations point to common mechanisms for gamma or odor associated oscillations across phyla (40-100Hz in mammals, 20-30Hz in insects, 0.5-1.5Hz in molluscs), engaging the reciprocal dendr...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2014.10.004
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sound is encoded by spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the hearing organ, the cochlea, with great temporal, spectral and intensity resolution. When hearing fails, electric stimulation by implanted prostheses can partially restore hearing. Optical stimulation promises a fundamental advance of hearing restoration over el...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2015.01.004
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the past few decades, we have witnessed an impressive gain in the knowledge regarding the basic mechanisms underlying human neuronal migration disorders by the usage of mouse models. Nevertheless, despite the remarkable conservation both in the genetic encoded information and the developmental processes, there ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2020.09.005
更新日期:2020-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::The microcircuitry of the neocortex is bewildering in its anatomical detail, but seen through the filters of physiology, some simple circuits have been suggested. Intensive investigations of the cortical representation of orientation, however, show how difficult it is to achieve any consensus on what the circuits are,...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(02)00343-4
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma membrane Cl- channels perform a variety of functions, including control of excitability in neurons and muscle, cell volume regulation and transepithelial transport. Structurally, three classes of Cl- channels have been identified: ligand-gated, postsynaptic Cl- channels (e.g. GABA and glycine receptors); the cy...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(96)80112-7
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animals respond to sensory cues emitted by their conspecifics by initiating a repertoire of sex-specific social behaviors, such as mating, fighting, and parental care. These behavioral responses are thought to be largely driven by genetically pre-programmed circuits. However, they can also vary significantly according...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2018.07.005
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurotransmitters are released by Ca(2+)-triggered exocytotic fusion of synaptic vesicles. Before fusion, vesicles dock at a specialised presynaptic plasma membrane region, the active zone, where they are primed to a fusion competent state. The nature of this priming reaction has long been enigmatic. Recent evidence d...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00105-7
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, as our understanding of the pattern-generating networks responsible for a variety of behaviors has increased, the interactions of multiple neural networks have been examined in a number of systems. These studies have shown that functionally related pattern generators can interact extensively, and that...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0959-4388(95)80108-1
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclic-nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels play key roles in photoreceptor and olfactory signal-transduction pathways. Recent studies have focused on the molecular characterization of CNG channel subunits and on the identification of the structural domains that contribute to ligand selectivity and affinity, ion gating and...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(96)80048-1
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::All animals have a fundamental and unavoidable requirement for rest, yet we still do not fully understand the processes that initiate, maintain, and regulate sleep. The larval zebrafish is an optically translucent, genetically tractable model organism that exhibits sleep states regulated by conserved sleep circuits, t...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2017.02.009
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::How does auditory cortex represent auditory stimuli, and how do these representations contribute to behavior? Recent experimental evidence suggests that activity in auditory cortex consists of sparse and highly synchronized volleys of activity, observed both in anesthetized and awake animals. Many neurons are capable ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2009.07.009
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite considerable skepticism, researchers have found that the patterns of muscle activation that control feeding behaviors of lower vertebrates have been surprisingly conserved during evolution. This tendency for conservation among taxa appears in the face of marked flexibility of motor patterns within individuals....
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(02)00383-5
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in multi-electrode recording have brought us closer to understanding how visual information is encoded by populations of retinal ganglion cells. By monitoring the visual responses of many ganglion cells at once, it is now possible to examine how ganglion cells act together to encode a visual scene. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(98)80036-6
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Canonically, 'mirror neurons' are cells in area F5 of the ventral premotor cortex that are active during both observation and execution of goal-directed movements. Recently, cells with similar properties have been observed in a number of other areas in the motor system, including the primary motor cortex. Mirror neuro...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2008.09.016
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reverse genetic techniques, including gene 'knockouts' and transgenesis, allow defined mutations to be introduced into the mouse genome. The application of these techniques to neurobiology is beginning to provide a bridge between genes and cognition. Specifically, genetically altered mice make it possible to explore m...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0959-4388(95)80019-0
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The PTEN tumor suppressor gene is a lipid phosphatase that negatively regulates cell survival mediated by the phosphatidyl inositol 3' kinase-protein kinase B/Akt signaling pathway. Recent in vivo studies have revealed a novel role for PTEN in the size control of neurons. Dysregulation of cell growth control by PTEN i...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(02)00354-9
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reward valuation in social contexts is by nature relative rather than absolute; it is made in reference to others. This socially relative reward valuation is based on our propensity to conduct comparisons and competitions between self and other. Exploring its neural substrate has been an active area of research in hum...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2020.11.008
更新日期:2020-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::New discoveries challenge the long-held view that aging is characterized by progressive loss and decline. Evidence for functional reorganization, compensation and effective interventions holds promise for a more optimistic view of neurocognitive status in later life. Complexities associated with assigning function to ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2005.03.016
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00