Abstract：
:Sustained activity has been recorded in the prefrontal cortex during working memory tasks. First, we compare the anatomical distribution of this activity in humans and monkeys. Then, we show that it reflects many factors, maintenance of the items presented, preparation for the response, transformation of the items during the delay, task rules and task goals. Finally, we point out that sustained activity has also been recorded in other areas, such as the parietal cortex. We suggest that the key to prefrontal cortex lies not in the maintenance of sensory information but in the prospective use of that information for behaviour.
journal_name
Curr Opin Neurobioljournal_title
Current opinion in neurobiologyauthors
Passingham D,Sakai Kdoi
10.1016/j.conb.2004.03.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-04-01 00:00:00pages
163-8issue
2eissn
0959-4388issn
1873-6882pii
S0959438804000352journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Activity in cortical networks is heterogeneous, sparse and often precisely timed. The functional significance of sparseness and precise spike timing is debated, but our understanding of the developmental and synaptic mechanisms that shape neuronal discharge patterns has improved. Evidence for highly specialized, selec...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2010.03.006
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhibitory molecules in CNS myelin affect axonal regeneration after injury. In the past year, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a well-characterized myelin protein, has been identified as an inhibitor of axonal regeneration. This finding, together with its established ability to promote outgrowth, defines MAG as a...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-4388(95)80063-8
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the mouse olfactory system, there are approximately 1000 types of odorant receptors (ORs), which perform multiple functions in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). In addition to detecting odors, the functional OR protein ensures the singular gene choice of the OR by negative-feedback regulation. ORs also direct the a...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2008.07.009
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampus coordinate neuronal activity that gives rise to network oscillations. In this article we present advances in our understanding of how different classes of hippocampal interneurons contribute to distinct hippocampal network oscillations. We focus on two main experimental approa...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2014.08.016
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adult mammalian neocortex, the major region of the cerebral cortex, is divided into functionally specialized areas, defined by distinct architecture and axonal connections. Extrinsic influences, such as thalamocortical input, and genetic regulation, intrinsic to the dorsal telencephalon, control the gradual emerge...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-4388(02)00285-4
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have provided new insights into the role of presynaptic ligand-gated ion channels in modifying synaptic transmission. Along with a growing list of different types of presynaptic ionotropic receptors and the cell types that express them, there have been advances in characterizing the molecular components...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-4388(96)80118-8
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of laboratories have recently refined descriptions of temporal response properties, from the auditory periphery to the midbrain. At many levels of the auditory pathway, the role of inhibition in temporal coding of complex sounds is being explored. In addition, quantitative relationships between physiology and...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0959-4388(99)80066-X
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Learning is essential for animal survival under changing environments. Even in its simplest form, learning involves interactions between a handful of neuronal circuits, hundreds of neurons and many thousand synapses. In this review I will focus on habituation - a form of non-associative learning during which organisms...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2018.10.004
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent flurry of genetic studies in mice have provided key insights into how the somatosensory system is organized at a cellular level to encode itch, pain, temperature, and touch. These studies are largely predicated on the idea that functional cell types can be identified by their unique developmental provenance a...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2019.03.002
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The behavioral repertoire of an organism can be highly diverse, spanning from social to defensive. How an animal efficiently switches between distinct behaviors is a fundamental question whose inquiry will provide insights into the mechanisms that are necessary for an organism's survival. Previous work aimed at identi...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2018.04.017
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growth cones, the highly motile tips of growing axons, guide axons to their targets by responding to molecular cues. Growth cone behaviors such as advancing, retracting, turning and branching are driven by the dynamics and reorganization of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton through signaling pathways linked to gu...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2005.08.005
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered, extensive class of small noncoding RNAs that act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNAs have been implicated in most aspects of animal development and in pathological processes such as cancer. In neurons, miRNAs are expressed at all stages of develop...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2009.05.015
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammals have ∼1000 different olfactory receptor subtypes, each responding to a number of different odorants, and each odorant activating a number of different receptor subtypes. These molecular and anatomical underpinnings of olfaction imply a perceptual structure of very high dimensionality that relies on combinatori...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2013.12.010
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of gene transfer techniques to express novel proteins within different cellular populations has provided insights into the function and plasticity of the brain. Recently, this technique has been successfully used to explore physiological processes within the CNS and to intervene in neurodegenerative disease an...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-4388(94)90017-5
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroepithelial cells, the progenitors to the CNS neurons and glia, undergo both symmetric and asymmetric divisions. Symmetric divisions underlie the proliferation of neuroepithelial cells that predominates early in CNS development. Asymmetric divisions are thought to generate the cell types derived from neuroepitheli...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-4388(97)80117-1
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previously, eye positions were characterized by the direction of sight, which has two degrees of freedom for conjugate movements and three degrees of freedom for vergent movements. Several groups have recently presented reliable data and unconventional models on binocular coordination, where all three degrees of freed...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-4388(94)90135-x
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent series of exciting observations, using novel high-resolution time-lapse imaging of living cells, has provoked a major shift in our understanding of the dendritic spine, from a stable storage site of long-term memory to a dynamic structure that undergoes rapid morphological variations. Through these recent obs...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00123-9
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Canonically, 'mirror neurons' are cells in area F5 of the ventral premotor cortex that are active during both observation and execution of goal-directed movements. Recently, cells with similar properties have been observed in a number of other areas in the motor system, including the primary motor cortex. Mirror neuro...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2008.09.016
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the past year significant advances have been made in our understanding of the role of protein dephosphorylation in the control of neuronal function. Molecular cloning has identified a large number of serine/threonine and tyrosine protein phosphatases in the nervous system. Many of these enzymes are selectively enri...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-4388(92)90118-5
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Opiate drugs such as morphine and heroin are among the most effective analgesics known. Prolonged or repeated administration of opiates produces adaptive changes in the nervous system that lead to reduced drug potency or efficacy (tolerance), as well as physiological withdrawal symptoms and behavioral manifestations s...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-4388(03)00069-2
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabotropic L-glutamate receptors are involved in various forms of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. The use of a new antagonist (LY341495) that blocks all known metabotropic L-glutamate receptors in the brain, together with subtype-selective antagonists, has identified multiple roles both for cloned and novel ...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-4388(99)80044-0
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here we review the mechanisms that determine projection neuron identity during cortical development. Pyramidal neurons in the mammalian cerebral cortex can be classified into two major classes: corticocortical projection neurons, which are concentrated in the upper layers of the cortex, and subcortical projection neur...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2008.05.006
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endo-lysosomal pathways are essential in maintaining protein homeostasis in the cell. Numerous genes in the endo-lysosomal pathways have been found to associate with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Mutations of these genes lea...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2017.09.005
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vestibular system provides an attractive model for understanding how changes in cellular and synaptic activity influence learning and memory in a quantifiable behavior, the vestibulo-ocular reflex. The vestibulo-ocular reflex produces eye movements that compensate for head motion; simple yet powerful forms of moto...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2006.06.012
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Animal life is rhythmic. Here we provide an overview of various rhythmic behaviors, connected environmental factors and endogenous mechanisms. We not only cover terrestrial species, but also highlight aquatic environments with typically complex interconnected rhythms. We further address diel, seasonal and potential lu...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2019.10.005
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sex differences in the nervous system are found throughout the animal kingdom. Here, we discuss three prominent genetic models: nematodes, fruit flies, and mice. In all three, differential cell death is central to sexual differentiation and shared molecular mechanisms have been identified. Our knowledge of the precise...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2010.09.006
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Accurate neural crest cell (NCC) migration requires tight control of cell adhesions, cytoskeletal dynamics and cell motility. Cadherins and RhoGTPases are critical molecular players that regulate adhesions and motility during initial delamination of NCCs from the neuroepithelium. Recent studies have revealed multiple ...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2010.09.013
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biology provides examples of efficient machines which greatly outperform conventional technology. Designers in neuromorphic engineering aim to construct electronic systems with the same efficient style of computation. This task requires a melding of novel engineering principles with knowledge gleaned from neuroscience...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2010.03.007
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The heated debate over the level of postsynaptic receptor occupancy by transmitter has not been extinguished - indeed, new evidence is fanning the flames. Recent experiments using two-photon microscopy suggest that the concentration of glutamate in the synaptic cleft does not attain levels previously suggested. In con...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-4388(99)80043-9
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognitive development is determined by both genetics and environment. One point of convergence of these two influences is the neural activity-dependent regulation of programs of gene expression that specify neuronal fate and function. Human genetic studies have linked several transcriptional regulators to neurodevelop...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2005.01.002
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
