Abstract：
:We measured cyclosporine in whole blood from normal volunteers administered single oral doses of the drug and from two renal-transplant patients on immunosuppressive maintenance therapy, by liquid chromatography (I) and by radioimmunoassay with use of nonspecific polyclonal (II), specific monoclonal (III), and nonspecific monoclonal (IV) antibodies. Concentrations determined by III were equivalent to I, irrespective of cyclosporine dose, concentration, time after dose, or time after transplant. Concentrations determined by II and IV were consistently higher than those by I, owing to cross reactivity with metabolites. Ratios of values by II and IV to those by I increased from less than 1.5 to about 3-4 between 0.5 and 12 h after a single cyclosporine dose, owing to differences in rates of appearance and disappearance of cyclosporine and cross-reacting metabolites, though for the constant 12-h dose intervals in the two renal-transplant patients at steady state these ratios (most within the range 3-4) were relatively stable. Ratios of concentrations measured by IV to those by II (mean of 1.2 for single-dose data, most within the range of 1.2 to 1.5 at steady state) were unaffected by time after dose or time after transplant, suggesting that, despite certain cross-reactivity differences between the two nonspecific antibodies, results are proportional throughout therapy. We therefore propose that III and IV offer alternatives, respectively, to the currently used I and II for cyclosporine monitoring.
journal_name
Clin Chemjournal_title
Clinical chemistryauthors
Schran HF,Rosano TG,Hassell AE,Pell MAsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-12-01 00:00:00pages
2225-9issue
12eissn
0009-9147issn
1530-8561journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We review the following labels used as substitutes for radioisotopes in immunoassay systems: bacteriophages, chemiluminescence precursors, fluorochromes, fluorogens, fluorescence quenchers, enzymes, coenzymes, inhibitors, substrates, various particulates, metal atoms, and stable free radicals. New methods for performi...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Several compounds in the choline oxidation pathway are associated with insulin resistance and prevalent diabetes; however, prospective data are scarce.We explored the relationships between systemic and urinary choline-related metabolites and incident type 2 diabetes in an observational prospective study amon...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2015.250761
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In this study we demonstrate the technical application of flow cytometry and cell sorting combined with gene-rearrangement clonality profiling to detect and confirm minimal disease in 2 leukemia and 2 lymphoma cases. METHODS:Specimens with low percentages (0.05%-5%) of abnormal lymphoid populations were ide...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2005.061259
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Several proteolytically derived fragments from the proline-rich region (PRR) of human inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITIH4) have been identified by surface-enhanced or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS or MALDI-TOF-MS) as potential diseas...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2005.065722
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Remnant lipoprotein-cholesterol (RLP-C) concentrations in sera of healthy individuals are very low (0.080-0.437 mmol/L), making conventional cholesterol methods poorly suited to this purpose. We have developed a highly sensitive cholesterol assay (CD method) and applied it to the RLP-C assay. METHODS:The CD...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent studies show that the haptoglobin phenotype in individuals with diabetes mellitus is an important factor for predicting the risk of myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death, and stroke. Current methods for haptoglobin phenotyping include PCR and gel electrophoresis. A need exists for a reliable met...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2015.244004
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay was developed for the detection of synovial-type phospholipase A2 (s-PLA2) in human serum. This solid-phase, sandwich assay uses a polyclonal rabbit antibody raised against synovial-type group II PLA2 produced in Escherichia coli. No cross-reactions were detected between s-PLA2 and PLA2...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A highly sensitive two-site sandwich ELISA measuring total proinsulin immunoreactive material in serum or plasma was developed. The assay was based on two monoclonal antibodies, an anti-C-peptide antibody bound to a microtest plate and a biotin-labeled anti-insulin antibody. The detection limit (3 SD above zero value)...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Concentrations of physiological response variables fluctuate over time. The present study describes within-day and seasonal fluctuations for total cholesterol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)), IgA, prolactin, and free testosterone in blood, and estimates within- (CV(i)) an...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We evaluated the Reflotron (Boehringer Mannheim) system for measuring activities of alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2). Within- and between-day precision were comparable with conventional analytical methods. The linear range of the methods extended to more than 40-fold the...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) radioimmunoassay established in our laboratory involves use of purified apo A-I as the primary standard for quantifying apo A-I in plasma and a pooled plasma (quality-control sample) as a secondary standard to decrease interassay variation. The measured values for apo A-I increased ove...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the effects on 25 analytes of duration of contact of serum with non-anticoagulated blood and of temperature. Serum was separated after blood was allowed to stand, for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, or 48 h at 4, 23, or 30 degrees C. Results obtained for bilirubin, albumin, zinc sulfate turbidity, thymol turbidity, chol...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this method for measuring amino acids in urine, serum, and tissue, the amino acids to be assayed and the internal standard, L-norleucine, are converted to phenylthiohydantoins , isolated by organic solvent extraction, separated by reversed-phase "high-pressure" liquid chromatography, and detected by ultraviolet abs...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:If there were enzymatically inactive B subunits in a solution containing lactate dehydrogenase (LD) B4 prepared from the hemolysates of heterozygous individuals with LD-B subunit deficiency, the inactive subunits would compete with normal subunits for antibodies to the B4 subunit. Using the activity of normal LD-B4 as...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:PCR-based detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in neuroblastoma (NB) patients can be used for initial staging and monitoring therapy response in bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB). PHOX2B has been identified as a sensitive and specific MRD marker; however, its expression varies between tumors....
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2008.117945
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Serial measurements of neurohormones have been shown to improve prognostication in the setting of acute heart failure (HF) or chronic HF without therapeutic intervention. We investigated the prognostic role of serial measurements of emerging neurohormones and BNP in a cohort of chronic HF patients undergoing...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2009.125856
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A one-stage semiautomated method for estimating total phospholipids in plasma is reported. The phospholipids are extracted into aqueous ethanol, combined with a Lewis acid, and the change in pH is monitored colorimetrically. The method, compared with the acid digestion method of Gomori [J. Lab. Clin. Med. 27, 955 (194...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We isolated myoglobin from sheep heart by homogenizing cardiac muscle in 70%-saturated ammonium sulfate, followed by chromatography on a column containing carboxymethyl(CM)-Sephadex gel. Two major isoforms of myoglobin, designated Mb 7.9 and Mb 8.1, were separated by chromatofocusing and were distinguished by their di...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We produced and characterized several monoclonal antibodies directed toward human plasma apolipoprotein A-I. Two of them, A-I-12 and A-I-57, individually precipitated purified or native high-density lipoprotein in agarose gel by double immunodiffusion. Because radial immunodiffusion performed with a single monoclonal ...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have evaluated Fructosamine Test-Plus, a commercial fructosamine assay based on the reduction of nitro-blue tetrazolium dye in alkaline buffer (Clin Chem 1985;31:1550-4), modified by including a detergent and uricase in the reagent, by changing the concentrations of buffer and dye, and by changing the approach to p...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:PCR-based mutation detection is prone to methodological errors, e.g., in restriction length fragment polymorphism (RFLP) and allele-specific amplification (ASA), false PCR results may occur because of technical faults or atypical new mutations. METHODS:We investigated the ability of a genotyping assay based...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As the domain of monitoring therapeutic drugs rapidly expands from experimental investigations to everyday patient care, all clinical laboratory scientists, but especially clinical chemists, must learn to deal with their involvement in this expansion. First, the theoretical concepts underlying clinical pharmacology mu...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:With the gradual reopening of economies and resumption of social life, robust surveillance mechanisms should be implemented to control the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Unlike RT-qPCR, SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing (cWGS) has the added advantage of identifying cryptic origins of the virus, and the extent o...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/clinchem/hvaa187
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We tested the diagnostic sensitivity of various urinary analytes for detecting cadmium-induced nephropathy at an early stage. We investigated 73 healthy persons (control group 1) and individuals exposed to cadmium, either environmentally (n = 36, risk group 2) or occupationally (n = 62, exposed group 3). All data were...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Technological advances have resulted in a renaissance of proteomic studies directed at finding markers of disease progression, diagnosis, or responsiveness to therapy. Renal diseases are ideally suited for such research, given that urine is an easily accessible biofluid and its protein content is derived mai...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2011.165969
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Increased urinary albumin excretion is a well-documented diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for renal disease. Urinary albumin is typically measured in clinical settings by immunoassay methods. However, neither a reference method nor a urine albumin calibration reference material is currently available. ME...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2009.129833
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The clinical value of measuring concentrations of methylmalonic acid in serum (S-MMA) as an aid in the diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency has recently aroused interest. In 58 healthy subjects, ages 40-68 years, we found a 0.95 reference interval of 0.05-0.37 mumol/L (mean 0.21, SD 0.094). In 33 of the subjects, who wer...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This case demonstrates the importance of monitoring theophylline concentrations in serum during therapy with this drug. The commonly used body-weight-derived guidelines for therapeutic dose are not adequate and do not preclude the necessity for such monitoring. The ultraviolet spectrophotometric methods available for ...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A patient with the hyperviscosity syndrome exhibited very high concentrations of intermediate to small circulating immune complexes (CIC), involving 40-50% of the IgG present, with IgG rheumatoid factor activity. We demonstrate that precipitation of CIC by polyethylene glycol in the reaction mixture caused interferenc...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay of serum cortisol based on time-resolved fluorescence is described. The assay is a direct assay, where cortisol immobilized on the wall of a microtiter-strip well competes with cortisol in the sample for the europium-labeled polyclonal antibody. The amount of bound ...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
