Abstract：
PURPOSE:In previous studies, associations between breast-milk cortisol levels obtained on one occasion and infant neurodevelopment were demonstrated. However, more recent evidence indicates that breast-milk cortisol and cortisone concentrations follow the diurnal rhythm of maternal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, peaking in the early morning and with a nadir at midnight. We studied associations between breast-milk glucocorticoid (GC) rhythmicity, and infant behavior and sleep. METHODS:We included 59 mothers, and their infants, of whom 17 had consulted an expert center during pregnancy for an increased risk of psychological distress. At 1 month postpartum, breast milk was sampled (on average six times) over a 24 h period for assessment of cortisol and cortisone using LC-MS/MS, and experienced maternal distress was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire. Three months after birth, infant behavior was assessed with the Infant Behavior Questionnaire, and infant sleep pattern was quantified by questionnaire. Associations between breast-milk GC rhythm parameters (maximum, delta, and Area Under the Curve increase and ground) and infant behavior and sleep were tested with linear regression analyses. RESULTS:No consistent associations between breast-milk GC rhythm parameters and infant behavior or sleep were found. CONCLUSIONS:Breast-milk GC rhythmicity at 1 month postpartum was not associated with infant behavior or sleep at the age of 3 months. Findings from previous studies linking breast-milk cortisol to infant neurodevelopment might be biased by the lack of GC measurements across the full diurnal cycle, and should therefore be interpreted with caution.
journal_name
Endocrinejournal_title
Endocrineauthors
Toorop AA,van der Voorn B,Hollanders JJ,Dijkstra LR,Dolman KM,Heijboer AC,Rotteveel J,Honig A,Finken MJJdoi
10.1007/s12020-020-02273-wsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-06-01 00:00:00pages
660-668issue
3eissn
1355-008Xissn
1559-0100pii
10.1007/s12020-020-02273-wjournal_volume
68pub_type
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