Abstract:
PURPOSE:To objectively characterize the performance of the gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) mode of GE CT750 HD scanner from a user's perspective. METHODS:A regular scan protocol that approximates the adult abdomen scan protocol frequently used in the authors' institute was selected as the baseline, and a GSI protocol (preset 11) that is similar to the regular protocol and has a moderate dose level (CTDI(vol) = 26.27 mGy) was compared to the baseline protocol. The resolving power of both protocols was characterized in terms of modulation transfer functions and high contrast resolution bar readings. Their noise characteristics were studied through noise power spectra, and their low contrast detectability was compared via contrast-to-noise ratio. Material decomposition capability of GSI was evaluated by scanning iodine solutions of 9-24 mg/ml iodine concentration in a Gammex CT phantom and by examining the estimated iodine concentration. In addition, a formula describing the dependency of HU in iodine enhanced area on GSI monochromatic energies and iodine concentrations was provided and the theoretical values were compared with the measured results. RESULTS:The resolutions levels of 50%, 10%, and 5% MTF of GSI monochromatic images at 65 keV agree with those of the regular protocol within 0.1 1p/cm. GSI monochromatic images at 65 keV demonstrated the lowest noise level among GSI images of different monochromatic energies and showed very similar noise magnitude and noise power distribution as compared to the regular protocol images. The CNR of 60 and 65 keV GSI monoimages are approximately 100% of those of the regular protocol images. Estimated iodine concentration levels agreed with the actual values within 2% when the iodine solutions were placed at 3, 9, 12 o'clock positions of the phantom; when iodine solutions were placed at the phantom center and at 6 o'clock position, higher discrepancies of 2%-10% were observed. The observed dependency of HU on keV and iodine concentration levels agreed with the expectation from x-ray attenuations. CONCLUSIONS:Equivalent performances were observed in the comparison between GSI 65 keV monochromatic images and images from a regular abdomen scan protocol. This suggests the possibility of GSI to be employed in routine abdominal scans, which would potentially offer more information through its capabilities of material decomposition.
journal_name
Med Physjournal_title
Medical physicsauthors
Zhang D,Li X,Liu Bdoi
10.1118/1.3551999subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-03-01 00:00:00pages
1178-88issue
3eissn
0094-2405issn
2473-4209journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
MEDICAL PHYSICS文献大全abstract:PURPOSE:To eliminate or reduce the error to Pareto optimality that arises in Pareto surface navigation when the Pareto surface is approximated by a small number of plans. METHODS:The authors propose to project the navigated plan onto the Pareto surface as a postprocessing step to the navigation. The projection attempt...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4930252
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The photon energy spectrum emanating from a Leksell Gamma Knife, Model 23004B, was measured between 0.250 and 3.5 MeV with the sources exposed. Measurements were made using a 2x2 inch NaI detector enclosed in a lead-shielded apparatus having a 1/4 inch diameter measurement aperture, which reduced the amount of radiati...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.1355305
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Development and verification of peak signal-to-noise ratio (SNR(P)) equations for determining optimum CT scanning and scoring parameters for a new automated coronary calcium scoring program (N-vivo). Experimental evaluation of the new program for scoring small calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) microspheres with sma...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3442276
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We believe that, for the purpose of evaluation and optimization of treatment plans, quasirandom sampling is superior to grid sampling and should be the method of choice. We believe it to be on average more efficient than grid sampling (i.e., more accurate for any given number of dose estimates) and, even more importan...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 评论,信件
doi:10.1118/1.597103
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a potentially important technology for medical x-ray computed tomography (CT), lambda tomography (LT) is to reconstruct a gradient-like image only from local projection data. Based on our recently derived exact fan-beam LT formula, [H. Y. Gu and G. Wang, Int. J. Biomed. Imaging 2006(1), 1-9 (2006)] here we propose ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.2348767
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To assess current education, practices, attitudes, and perceptions pertaining to ethics and professionalism in medical physics. METHODS:A link to a web-based survey was distributed to the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) e-mail membership list, with a follow-up e-mail sent two weeks later....
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4797463
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To describe Acuros® CTS, a new software tool for rapidly and accurately estimating scatter in x-ray projection images by deterministically solving the linear Boltzmann transport equation (LBTE). METHODS:The LBTE describes the behavior of particles as they interact with an object across spatial, energy, and dir...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.12850
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concept of the radiological depth is central to all algorithms which calculate radiation dose in a heterogeneous medium. For a discrete heterogeneous medium, consisting of regions of inhomogeneity, the radiological depth is usually presented as the sum over segments of the product of the segment length and the inh...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.595739
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This paper presents the application of MAGIC-f gel in a three-dimensional dose distribution measurement and its ability to accurately measure the dose distribution from a tomotherapy unit. METHODS:A prostate intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) irradiation was simulated in the gel phantom and the treat...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4704496
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:It is important to enhance image quality for low-dose CT acquisitions to push the ALARA boundary. Current state-of-the-art block-matching three-dimensional (BM3D) denoising scheme assumes white Gaussian noise (WGN) model. This study proposes a novel filtering module to be incorporated into the BM3D framework fo...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.13252
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Segmentation of the lungs within magnetic resonance (MR) scans is a necessary step in the computer-based analysis of thoracic MR images. This process is often confounded by image acquisition artifacts and disease-induced morphological deformation. We have developed an automated method for lung segmentation that is ins...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.2214165
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effective energy of the x-ray beam from linear accelerators changes as a function of the position in the beam due to nonuniform filtration by the flattening filter. In this work, the transmittance through a water column was measured in good geometry and the beam quality characterized in units of HVL in water. Meas...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.594677
更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Accurate, patient-specific radiation dosimetry for CT scanning is critical to optimize radiation doses and balance dose against image quality. While Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is often used to estimate doses from CT, comparison of estimates to experimentally measured values is lacking for advanced CT scanners ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.13780
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In the context of fluorescence diffuse optical tomography, determining the optimal way to exploit the time-resolved information has been receiving much attention and different features of the time-resolved signals have been introduced. In this article, the authors revisit and generalize the notion of feature, c...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3431571
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this work was to assess the inherent image quality characteristics of a new multidetector computed tomography system in terms of noise, resolution, and detectability index as a function of image acquisition and reconstruction for a range of clinically relevant settings. METHODS:A multisized imag...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4923172
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To develop an individually optimized contrast-enhanced (CE) 4D-computed tomography (CT) for radiotherapy simulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDA). METHODS:Ten PDA patients were enrolled. Each underwent three CT scans: a 4D-CT immediately following a CE 3D-CT and an individually optimized CE 4D-CT ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4963213
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Calculations of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damages involve many parameters in the computation process. As these parameters are often subject to uncertainties, it is of central importance to comprehensively quantify their impacts on DNA single-strand break (SSB) and double-strand break (DSB) yields. This has be...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.14036
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A fully automatic radiophotoluminescent glass rod dosimeter (GRD) system has recently become commercially available. This article discusses the dosimetric properties of the GRD including uniformity and reproducibility of signal, dose linearity, and energy and directional dependence in high-energy photon beams. In addi...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.1758351
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::For diagnostic ultrasound imaging, as in computed tomography, a feature of prime importance is the detection of focal lesions of varying size and contrast (echo amplitude) from surrounding tissue. This study describes a new tissue-stimulating phantom which has been used to measure the threshold detection of varying co...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.595218
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A clamp-on current probe utilizing the Hall effect was used to determine x-ray tube current. This noninvasive technique was compared to two other methods of mA measurement: the Machlett Dynalyzer and the mR/mAs linearity method. Three diagnostic x-ray units were used in the comparison; two modern three-phase rooms and...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.596080
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To quantify detector perturbation effects in megavoltage small photon fields and support the theoretical explanation on the nature of quality correction factors in these conditions. METHODS:In this second paper, a modern approach to radiation dosimetry is defined for any detector and applied to small photon fi...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4930798
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To develop an automatic segmentation algorithm integrating imaging information from computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to delineate target volume in head and neck cancer radiotherapy. METHODS:Eleven patients with unresectable disease at the tonsil...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4928485
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The previously described 2D standardized vessel-wall-plus-plaque thickness (VWT) maps constructed from 3D ultrasound vessel wall measurements using an arc-length (AL) scaling approach adjusted the geometric variability of carotid arteries and has allowed for the comparisons of VWT distributions in longitudinal ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4966702
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate if interfraction and intrafraction motion in free-breathing and gated lung IMRT can lead to systematic dose differences between 3DCT and 4DCT. Dosimetric effects were studied considering the breathing pattern of three patients monitored during the course of their treatment ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.2821704
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Phase contrast imaging, particularly of the breast, is being actively investigated. The purpose of this work is to investigate the x-ray phase contrast properties of breast tissues and commonly used breast tissue substitutes or phantom materials with an aim of determining the phantom materials best representati...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4794503
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To improve the efficiency of atlas-based segmentation without compromising accuracy, and to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method on MRI-based prostate segmentation application. METHODS:Accurate and efficient automatic structure segmentation is an important task in medical image processing. Atlas-bas...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4867855
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two experimental methods are described for obtaining average energies of neutron spectra produced by an electron accelerator in a medical treatment room. In the first method, the dose equivalent is measured by means of indium activation foils in an Andersson-Braun moderator. Fluences are determined by the usual activa...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.595662
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The small number of samples available for training and testing is often the limiting factor in finding the most effective features and designing an optimal computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system. Training on a limited set of samples introduces bias and variance in the performance of a CAD system relative to that...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3284974
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The goals of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are the ablation of target tissue and sparing of critical normal tissue. We develop tools to aid in the selection of collimation and prescription (Rx) isodose line to optimize the dose gradient for single isocenter intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with Ga...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4735542
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an experimental type of radiotherapy, presently being used to treat glioblastoma and melanoma. To improve patient safety and to determine the radiobiological characteristics of the epithermal neutron beam of Finnish BNCT facility (FiR 1) dose-response studies were carried on the...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.1517048
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00