Off-axis beam quality change in linear accelerator x-ray beams.

Abstract:

:The effective energy of the x-ray beam from linear accelerators changes as a function of the position in the beam due to nonuniform filtration by the flattening filter. In this work, the transmittance through a water column was measured in good geometry and the beam quality characterized in units of HVL in water. Measurements were made on a variety of linear accelerators from 4 to 10 MV. The beam energy decreased with increasing distance from the central ray for all accelerators measured.

journal_name

Med Phys

journal_title

Medical physics

authors

Hanson WF,Berkley LW,Peterson M

doi

10.1118/1.594677

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1980-03-01 00:00:00

pages

145-6

issue

2

eissn

0094-2405

issn

2473-4209

journal_volume

7

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Kilovoltage stereotactic radiosurgery for age-related macular degeneration: assessment of optic nerve dose and patient effective dose.

    abstract::Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause for vision loss for people over the age of 65 in the United States and a major health problem worldwide. Research for new treatments of the wet form of the disease using kilovoltage stereotactic radiosurgery is currently underway at Oraya Therapeutics, Inc. In ...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.3168554

    authors: Hanlon J,Lee C,Chell E,Gertner M,Hansen S,Howell RW,Bolch WE

    更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00

  • Noise texture and signal detectability in propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast tomography.

    abstract:PURPOSE:X-ray phase-contrast tomography (PCT) is a rapidly emerging imaging modality for reconstructing estimates of an object's three-dimensional x-ray refractive index distribution. Unlike conventional x-ray computed tomography methods, the statistical properties of the reconstructed images in PCT remain unexplored. ...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.3267548

    authors: Chou CY,Anastasio MA

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • The importance of computed tomography slice thickness in radiographic patient positioning for radiosurgery.

    abstract::A new radiographic patient positioning technique developed for radiosurgery has been analyzed to show the effect of computed tomography (CT) slice thickness on the precision of target localization during treatment. The positioning technique establishes the pose of the patient's anatomy during treatment by comparing tr...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.598500

    authors: Murphy MJ

    更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00

  • Cascaded systems analysis of noise reduction algorithms in dual-energy imaging.

    abstract::An important aspect of dual-energy (DE) x-ray image decomposition is the incorporation of noise reduction techniques to mitigate the amplification of quantum noise. This article extends cascaded systems analysis of imaging performance to DE imaging systems incorporating linear noise reduction algorithms. A general ana...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.2826556

    authors: Richard S,Siewerdsen JH

    更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00

  • Scatter-glare correction using a convolution algorithm with variable weighting.

    abstract::Several investigators have approximated the scatter component of digital radiographic images by applying a constant weighting factor to a convolved version of the detected image. The scatter approximation is then subtracted from the detected image. When a constant weighting factor is used, the scatter in areas of low ...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.596088

    authors: Naimuddin S,Hasegawa B,Mistretta CA

    更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00

  • A method for reducing motion induced errors in T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

    abstract::It is known that motion of an object imaged by magnetic resonance imaging leads to errors and artifacts in the image. This effect is especially important when a pulse sequence with long echo time (TE) and long TR is used to provide T2-weighted images. We have modified the usual spin warp imaging pulse sequence in a wa...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.596026

    authors: Joseph PM,Shetty A,Bonaroti EA

    更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00

  • Noise correlations in images acquired simultaneously with a dual-energy sandwich detector.

    abstract::An energy discriminating detector for dual-energy radiography can be configured as a two-layer sandwich, where the mean energy of photons detected by the two layers differs. To characterize the quantum noise of such a detector, the noise covariance between the two layers must be known in addition to the noise variance...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.596311

    authors: Sones RA,Barnes GT

    更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00

  • Stereotactic mammography imaging combined with 3D US imaging for image guided breast biopsy.

    abstract::Stereotactic X-ray mammography (SM) and ultrasound (US) guidance are both commonly used for breast biopsy. While SM provides three-dimensional (3D) targeting information and US provides real-time guidance, both have limitations. SM is a long and uncomfortable procedure and the US guided procedure is inherently two dim...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.2794175

    authors: Surry KJ,Mills GR,Bevan K,Downey DB,Fenster A

    更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00

  • Novel scintillation detector design and performance for proton radiography and computed tomography.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Proton computed tomography (pCT) will enable accurate prediction of proton and ion range in a patient while providing the benefit of lower radiation exposure than in x-ray CT. The accuracy of the range prediction is essential for treatment planning in proton or ion therapy and depends upon the detector used to ...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.4939255

    authors: Bashkirov VA,Schulte RW,Hurley RF,Johnson RP,Sadrozinski HF,Zatserklyaniy A,Plautz T,Giacometti V

    更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00

  • An in-vivo investigation of the therapeutic effect of pulsed focused ultrasound on tumor growth.

    abstract:PURPOSE:High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been investigated for ablative therapy and drug enhancement for gene therapy and chemotherapy. The aim of this work is to explore the feasibility of pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) for cancer therapy using an in vivo animal model. METHODS:A clinical HIFU system (In...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.4901352

    authors: Ma CM,Chen X,Cvetkovic D,Chen L

    更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00

  • SU-E-I-103: Detecting Anomalous Pixels and Correlated Artifacts in Digital Detectors from Flat-Field Images.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Anomalous pixels may be defined as those pixels whose exposure response relationship is deviant from the typical, expected or calibrated response. A group of anomalous pixels may Result in visible correlated artifacts. Here we demonstrate an approach to identify anomalous pixels and correlated artifacts using f...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.4734820

    authors: Dave J,Gingold E,Yorkston J,Bercha I,Goldman L,Walz-Flannigan A,Willis C

    更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00

  • A Monte-Carlo-based and GPU-accelerated 4D-dose calculator for a pencil beam scanning proton therapy system.

    abstract:PURPOSE:The presence of respiratory motion during radiation treatment leads to degradation of the expected dose distribution, both for target coverage and healthy tissue sparing, particularly for techniques like pencil beam scanning proton therapy which have dynamic delivery systems. While tools exist to estimate this ...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/mp.13182

    authors: Pepin MD,Tryggestad E,Wan Chan Tseung HS,Johnson JE,Herman MG,Beltran C

    更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00

  • Voxel clustering for quantifying PET-based treatment response assessment.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Imaging biomarkers are crucial in managing treatment options for cancer patients. They are extremely powerful tools since they allow personalized treatment assessment early during therapy by using repeated imaging to detect and quantify tumor response. Currently, treatment response assessment from consecutive i...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.4764900

    authors: Schreibmann E,Waller AF,Crocker I,Curran W,Fox T

    更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00

  • Improvement of registration accuracy in accelerated partial breast irradiation using the point-based rigid-body registration algorithm for patients with implanted fiducial markers.

    abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate image-registration errors when using fiducial markers with a manual method and the point-based rigid-body registration (PRBR) algorithm in accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) patients, with accompanying fiducial deviations. METHODS:Twenty-two consecutive patients were enrolled in a pro...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.4915534

    authors: Inoue M,Yoshimura M,Sato S,Nakamura M,Yamada M,Hirata K,Sasaki M,Fujimoto T,Ogura M,Hiraoka M

    更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00

  • A convolution method for constructing primary beam profiles in the presence of beam modifiers.

    abstract::Empirical functions that describe primary beam profiles for radiotherapy treatment planning systems generally account for finite source size only on beams unmodified by blocks, wedges, or compensating filters. To incorporate the effects of extended sources on such modified beams and to treat the effect of an extended ...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.596222

    authors: Starkschall G

    更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00

  • Speckle contrast diffuse correlation tomography of complex turbid medium flow.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Developed herein is a three-dimensional (3D) flow contrast imaging system leveraging advancements in the extension of laser speckle contrast imaging theories to deep tissues along with our recently developed finite-element diffuse correlation tomography (DCT) reconstruction scheme. This technique, termed speckl...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.4922206

    authors: Huang C,Irwin D,Lin Y,Shang Y,He L,Kong W,Luo J,Yu G

    更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00

  • Development and validation of a CT-3D rotational angiography registration method for AVM radiosurgery.

    abstract::In this paper a novel technique is proposed and validated for radiosurgery treatment planning of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The technique was developed for frameless radiosurgery by means of the CyberKnife, a nonisocentric, linac-based system which allows highly conformed isodose surfaces to be obtained, whil...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.1751252

    authors: Stancanello J,Cavedon C,Francescon P,Cerveri P,Ferrigno G,Colombo F,Perini S

    更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00

  • Report of the AAPM Task Group No. 105: Issues associated with clinical implementation of Monte Carlo-based photon and electron external beam treatment planning.

    abstract::The Monte Carlo (MC) method has been shown through many research studies to calculate accurate dose distributions for clinical radiotherapy, particularly in heterogeneous patient tissues where the effects of electron transport cannot be accurately handled with conventional, deterministic dose algorithms. Despite its p...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1118/1.2795842

    authors: Chetty IJ,Curran B,Cygler JE,DeMarco JJ,Ezzell G,Faddegon BA,Kawrakow I,Keall PJ,Liu H,Ma CM,Rogers DW,Seuntjens J,Sheikh-Bagheri D,Siebers JV

    更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00

  • Dosimetric aspects of a 3.3-MV linear accelerator.

    abstract::Both the design considerations and the dosimetric properties of the Siemens Model 5800 linear accelerator are discussed. This unit is of such an energy (3.3 MV) as to imitate Cobalt-60 teletherapy depth doses. A linear relation of dmax to depth dose at low energies was found for various wave guides and targets. The en...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.596487

    authors: Steidley KD,Rosen CW

    更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00

  • Technical Note: Experimental verification of magnetic field-induced beam deflection and Bragg peak displacement for MR-integrated proton therapy.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Given its sensitivity to anatomical variations, proton therapy is expected to benefit greatly from integration with magnetic resonance imaging for online anatomy monitoring during irradiation. Such an integration raises several challenges, as both systems mutually interact. The proton beam will experience quasi...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/mp.12961

    authors: Schellhammer SM,Gantz S,Lühr A,Oborn BM,Bussmann M,Hoffmann AL

    更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00

  • Analysis and correction of imperfections in the image intensifier-TV-digitizer imaging chain.

    abstract::Image intensifier-television-video digitizer (IITVD) systems are commonly used for digital planar image acquisition in radiology. However, the well-known distortions inherent in these systems limit their utility in research and in some clinical applications where quantitatively correct images are required. Software co...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.596718

    authors: Boone JM,Seibert JA,Barrett WA,Blood EA

    更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00

  • Radiative transport in the delta-P1 approximation for semi-infinite turbid media.

    abstract::We have developed an analytic solution for spatially resolved diffuse reflectance within the deltaP1 approximation to the radiative transport equation for a semi-infinite homogeneous turbid medium. We evaluate the performance of this solution by comparing its predictions with those provided by Monte Carlo simulations ...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.2828184

    authors: Seo I,Hayakawa CK,Venugopalan V

    更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00

  • A neural network approach for fast, automated quantification of DIR performance.

    abstract:PURPOSE:A critical step in adaptive radiotherapy (ART) workflow is deformably registering the simulation CT with the daily or weekly volumetric imaging. Quantifying the deformable image registration accuracy under these circumstances is a complex task due to the lack of known ground-truth landmark correspondences betwe...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/mp.12321

    authors: Neylon J,Min Y,Low DA,Santhanam A

    更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00

  • Influence of cold walls on PET image quantification and volume segmentation: a phantom study.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Commercially available fillable plastic inserts used in positron emission tomography phantoms usually have thick plastic walls, separating their content from the background activity. These "cold" walls can modify the intensity values of neighboring active regions due to the partial volume effect, resulting in e...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.4813302

    authors: Berthon B,Marshall C,Edwards A,Evans M,Spezi E

    更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00

  • 3D image-guided robotic needle positioning system for small animal interventions.

    abstract:PURPOSE:This paper presents the design of a micro-CT guided small animal robotic needle positioning system. In order to simplify the robotic design and maintain a small targeting error, a novel implementation of the remote center of motion is used in the system. The system has been developed with the objective of achie...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.4771958

    authors: Bax JS,Waring CS,Sherebrin S,Stapleton S,Hudson TJ,Jaffray DA,Lacefield JC,Fenster A

    更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00

  • Shimming with permanent magnets for the x-ray detector in a hybrid x-ray/ MR system.

    abstract::In this x-ray/MR hybrid system an x-ray flat panel detector is placed under the patient cradle, close to the MR volume of interest (VOI), where the magnetic field strength is approximately 0.5 T. Immersed in this strong field, several electronic components inside the detector become magnetized and create an additional...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.2963994

    authors: Wen Z,Fahrig R,Williams ST,Pelc NJ

    更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00

  • The effects of the imaging system on the validity limits of the ray-optical approach to phase contrast imaging.

    abstract::A theoretical analysis of the x-ray phase contrast imaging and its validation via synchrotron radiation imaging is here presented. Two different mathematical models have been followed: the simpler ray-optical approach and the more rigorous Fresnel-Kirchoff diffraction theory. Subsequently, the conditions upon which th...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.2126207

    authors: Peterzol A,Olivo A,Rigon L,Pani S,Dreossi D

    更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00

  • A sparse representation-based radiomics for outcome prediction of higher grade gliomas.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Accurately predicting outcome (i.e., overall survival (OS) time) for higher grade glioma (HGG) has great clinical value and would provide optimized guidelines for treatment planning. Radiomics focuses on revealing underlying pathophysiological information in biomedical images for disease analysis and demonstrat...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/mp.13288

    authors: Wu G,Shi Z,Chen Y,Wang Y,Yu J,Lv X,Chen L,Ju X,Chen Z

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Application of solid state detectors for dosimetry of therapeutic proton beams.

    abstract::A PTW Riga diamond detector and LiF TLDs have been evaluated for use in proton beam dosimetry by comparing results of proton beam calibration with those obtained using thimble ionization chambers. The thimble ionization chambers were calibrated in terms of exposure while the TLDs and diamond detector were calibrated i...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.597608

    authors: Vatnitsky S,Miller D,Siebers J,Moyers M

    更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00

  • Soft-tissue detectability in cone-beam CT: evaluation by 2AFC tests in relation to physical performance metrics.

    abstract::Soft-tissue detectability in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was evaluated via two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) tests. Investigations included the dependence of detectability on radiation dose, the influence of the asymmetric three-dimensional (3D) noise-power spectrum (NPS) in axial and sagittal or coronal p...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.2790586

    authors: Tward DJ,Siewerdsen JH,Daly MJ,Richard S,Moseley DJ,Jaffray DA,Paul NS

    更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00