Abstract:
:Empirical functions that describe primary beam profiles for radiotherapy treatment planning systems generally account for finite source size only on beams unmodified by blocks, wedges, or compensating filters. To incorporate the effects of extended sources on such modified beams and to treat the effect of an extended source consistent with the manner in which the unmodified beam is treated, the unmodified beam profile can be written as a convolution of an unknown source function with a collimator transmission profile. Using Fourier transforms, one can then solve for the source function. This source function is then convolved with a beam transmission function that has been modified by blocks, wedges, or compensating filters to obtain a primary beam profile. A number of examples are presented that demonstrate the calculations of the effects of beam modifiers on primary beam profiles.
journal_name
Med Physjournal_title
Medical physicsauthors
Starkschall Gdoi
10.1118/1.596222subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-09-01 00:00:00pages
657-61issue
5eissn
0094-2405issn
2473-4209journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
MEDICAL PHYSICS文献大全abstract:PURPOSE:The goals of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are the ablation of target tissue and sparing of critical normal tissue. We develop tools to aid in the selection of collimation and prescription (Rx) isodose line to optimize the dose gradient for single isocenter intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with Ga...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4735542
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dissemination of scientific advances has changed little since the first peer-reviewed journal was published in 1665 - that is, until this past decade. The print journal, delivered by mail and stored on office shelves and in library reading rooms around the world, has been transformed by immediate, on-demand access...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4736173
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the microvascular pseudodiffusion effects resulting with non-monoexponential behavior are present in breast cancer, taking into account tumor spatial heterogeneity. Additionally, methodological factors affecting the signal in low and high diffusion-sensitizing...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4927255
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atomic Energy of Canada Limited 60Co teletherapy units have adjustable collimator hinges to adapt to source diameters from 0.75 to 2.50 cm. Adjustment of the collimator hinge to the manfacturer's settings can cause a loss of radiation field flatness as high as 20% for large fields. The recommended settings appear to c...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.594170
更新日期:1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To reduce the potential of late toxicity (tissue necrosis and cognitive function loss) from brain radiotherapy, we studied a novel planning technique for MLC-equipped linear accelerators (LINACS) that reduces the high doses delivered outside the PTV, enhancing radiation dose conformity. METHODS:The feasibility...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4735656
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The feasibility of intensity modulated brachytherapy (IMBT) to improve dose conformity for irregularly shaped targets has been previously investigated by researchers by means of using partially shielded sources. However, partial shielding does not fully explore the potential of IMBT. The goal of this study is t...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3456598
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Manual delineation of head and neck (H&N) organ-at-risk (OAR) structures for radiation therapy planning is time consuming and highly variable. Therefore, we developed a dynamic multiatlas selection-based approach for fast and reproducible segmentation. METHODS:Our approach dynamically selects and weights the a...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.13854
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Coronary x-ray computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is used to non-invasively assess coronary artery geometry and has, combined with computational modeling, demonstrated the potential to identify physiologically significant lesions. These measurements require robust and accurate coronary imaging and delineati...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.12295
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Detailed characterization of changes in vessel size is crucial for the diagnosis and management of a variety of vascular diseases. Because clinical measurement of vessel size is typically dependent on the radiologist's subjective interpretation of the vessel borders, it is often prone to high inter- and intra-u...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.12580
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In fluoroscopy-guided clinical procedures that involve tracking objects over long treatment times, there is a need for reducing the amount of imaging dose delivered to the patient and the operating staff. In this study, we introduce a feedback metric to minimize tube current while maintaining a targeting precis...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4734878
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To design and quantify the shielding efficacy of an inner Borated Polyethylene (BPE)wall for a 15 MV linac in a low energy vault. METHODS:A Varian TrueBeam linac with a maximum photon energy of 15 MV was installed in asmaller, preexisting vault. This vault originally housed a low-energy machine and did not hav...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4735334
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper deals with methods of reducing the total time required to acquire the projection data for a set of contiguous computed tomography (CT) images. Normally during the acquisition of a set of slices, the patient is held stationary during data collection and translated to the next axial location during an intersc...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.596464
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of various computed tomography (CT) thresholds on trapping volumetric measurements by multidetector CT in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS:Twenty-three COPD patients were scanned with a 64-slice CT scanner in both the inspiratory and exp...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4813906
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The NSD equation, D = 1850 x T0.11 x N0.24, is a celebrated transmogrification of Cohen's two well-known collations of data on response to clinical irradiations (3 degrees erythema and 0.90 ablation of skin cancer) in which the relation of D and T is fixed by the data selected by Cohen and the additional constraint th...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.595034
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the accuracy of VMAT treatment planning and delivery for patients undergoing radiotherapy in the head and neck. METHOD AND MATERIALS:A dosimetric study of a typical head and neck treatment plan has been carried out using Chamber, film and TLD's placed inside an anthropomorphic phantom. Lateral and...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4735478
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The attenuating properties of several types of lead (Pb)-based and non-Pb radiation shielding materials were studied and a correlation was made of radiation attenuation, materials properties, calculated spectra and ambient dose equivalent. Utilizing the well-characterized x-ray and gamma ray beams at the National Rese...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.2426404
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:It is important to enhance image quality for low-dose CT acquisitions to push the ALARA boundary. Current state-of-the-art block-matching three-dimensional (BM3D) denoising scheme assumes white Gaussian noise (WGN) model. This study proposes a novel filtering module to be incorporated into the BM3D framework fo...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.13252
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Image guidance is crucial for percutaneous tumor ablations, enabling accurate needle-like applicator placement into target tumors while avoiding tissues that are sensitive to injury and/or correcting needle deflection. Although ultrasound (US) is widely used for image guidance, magnetic resonance (MR) is prefer...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.13958
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To track variations in the deformation of the arterial wall noninvasively by estimating the accumulated displacement and strain over a cardiac cycle may provide useful indicators of vascular health. METHODS:In this paper, we propose an approach to track a region of interest (ROI) locally and estimate arterial ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4722746
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Stray neutron radiation is of concern after radiation therapy, especially in children, because of the high risk it might carry for secondary cancers. Several previous studies predicted the stray neutron exposure from proton therapy, mostly using Monte Carlo simulations. Promising attempts to develop analytical ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4829512
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this work was to create a comprehensive online tool to evaluate and review the performance of quality assurance measurements that assess beam output and profile constancy as soon as they are acquired using statistical process control. As part of routine quality assurance: output, flatness and symmetry...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4740111
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the dosimetric robustness of dynamically collimated proton therapy (DCPT) treatment plans delivered using a dynamic collimation system (DCS) with respect to random uncertainties in beam spot and collimator position as well as systematic offsets in the DCS mounting alignment. This work also demons...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.14208
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The objective of this study was to evaluate organ dose and the effective dose to patients undergoing tomosynthesis (TS) and C-arm cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations and to compare the doses to those in multidetector CT (MDCT) scans. METHODS:Patient doses were measured with small sized silicon-ph...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3465045
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simultaneous rest 99mTc-Sestamibi/ 123I-BMIPP cardiac SPECT imaging has the potential to replace current clinical 99mTc-Sestamibi rest/stress imaging and therefore has great potential in the case of patients with chest pain presenting to the emergency department. Separation of images of these two radionuclides is diff...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3063544
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The previously described 2D standardized vessel-wall-plus-plaque thickness (VWT) maps constructed from 3D ultrasound vessel wall measurements using an arc-length (AL) scaling approach adjusted the geometric variability of carotid arteries and has allowed for the comparisons of VWT distributions in longitudinal ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4966702
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because of complex dose distributions and dose gradients that are created in three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), photon- and electron-energy spectra might change significantly with spatial locations and doses. This study examined variations in photon- and...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.2710550
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::By design, the range of beam directions in conventional radiosurgery are constrained to an isocentric array. However, the recent introduction of robotic radiosurgery dramatically increases the flexibility of targeting, and as a consequence, beams need be neither coplanar nor isocentric. Such a nonisocentric design per...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.2357020
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transmission data for 4-MV bremsstrahlung beams have been measured with a combination of lead and aluminum attenuators. From these data, the original energy spectra have been reconstructed using an iterative least-squares technique, previously evaluated by simulation studies. The spectra on the central axis for three ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.595356
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spectrally resolved bioluminescence optical tomography is an approach to recover images of, for example, Luciferase activity within a volume using multiwavelength emission data from internal bioluminescence sources. The underlying problem of uniqueness associated with nonspectrally resolved intensity-based bioluminesc...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.2982138
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The variance in the number of x-ray photons absorbed by a detector is derived from theoretical considerations. The distributions in the number of x-ray photons produced by the x-ray tube, transmitted through the patient, and absorbed by the detector are described. These distributions are compounded to yield a distribu...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.595393
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00