Abstract:
:This article reviews the cultural history of man's relationship with tobacco and the steps in the discovery of tobacco addiction. Nicotine dependence (ND) or nicotine addiction (NA), among other forms of drug addiction, continues to be a significant public health problem in the world, as it is associated with major severe diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Evidence for a genetic influence on smoking behavior and ND has prompted a search for susceptibility genes. Proof has recently accumulated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genetic region encoding the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits α5, α3, and β4 are associated with smoking and ND. In this review, we consider tobacco as the archetype of substance addiction and describe the evolution of the tobacco habit from elite users to lower socioeconomic abusers (by mass marketing and specific targeting of vulnerable groups by the tobacco industry) to exemplify detrimental behavior with major threats to public health. Finally, we discuss the reasons for the difficulty of quitting addictions/habits and highlight possible solutions.
journal_name
Perspect Biol Medjournal_title
Perspectives in biology and medicineauthors
Russo P,Nastrucci C,Alzetta G,Szalai Cdoi
10.1353/pbm.2011.0047subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-10-01 00:00:00pages
557-77issue
4eissn
0031-5982issn
1529-8795pii
S1529879511400053journal_volume
54pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Shopping for genetic information has become popular, but consumers may not understand what exactly they are buying. The retail DNA industry is forcing laypersons, academics, and medical and legal professionals alike to face the crossroads of genetics, law, and society. How will we decipher the meanings of the tests, d...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
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journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
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journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
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journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
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abstract::Since the beginning of the 21st century, the living conditions of undocumented migrant workers in Belgium have deteriorated drastically. In Brussels, after various social actions, undocumented people began squatting and occupying public buildings to make their struggle visible to society. Desperate, some seized the po...
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abstract::Ensuring experimental outcomes are of the highest clinical caliber is crucial prior to the introduction of germline genome editing. However, if we are to police scientific progress using probability or the potential to go wrong, then we must account for the specious standards of human reproduction. With 15% of clinica...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
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journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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abstract::In retrospect, mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) in the 20th century followed an epidemic pattern: mortality rates increased dramatically from 1920 until about 1960, remained roughly constant for almost a decade, and have been decreasing since the late 1960s. CHD has traditionally been conceived of as a sing...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::After almost 50 years in science, I believe that there is an acceptable, often advantageous chasm between open-ended basic research-free exploration without a practical destination and in which the original ideas may fade into new concepts-and translational research or clinical research. My basic research on crystalli...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2010.0000
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abstract::Of all the principles set out by Flexner in 1910, the most fundamental, that of academic and scientific excellence, is more relevant to medical education in the United Kingdom today than ever before. To realize this, undergraduate medical education (UGME) at Oxford has evolved to incorporate the tutorial method of tea...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
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journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2012.0002
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autobiographical narratives of illness and disability are influential in popular and medical discourses of illness and disability, in part because these narratives represent illness and disability within a sociocultural context, intersecting with other categories of difference. Clinicians can benefit patients through ...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
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abstract::Marino Ortolani (1904-1983), a pediatrician from Ferrara, in northeastern Italy, was an outstanding pioneer in the early diagnosis and treatment of hip dysplasia. In 1935, while examining hip abduction-adduction in a six-month-old baby, Ortolani noted that a clearly audible and palpable "click" was sufficient to revea...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
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abstract::Laura Ferguson's The Visible Skeleton Series constitutes an artistic self-representation of scoliosis. Ferguson employs high-tech medical imaging and innovative graphical techniques to suggest a novel view of her skeletal "deformity." This section presents introductions to the series by a historian of medicine and by ...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
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journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
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journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
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journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
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journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::A central pillar of the Belmont Report is that a bright line must be drawn between medical practice and biomedical research. That line may have been brighter 50 years ago. Today, the typical physician is likely to work for a corporation or health system that styles itself as a learning health system. Such systems incr...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
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journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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abstract::Antibody-dependent enhancement is a general in vitro property of enveloped viruses. In certain circumstances, antibody-dependent enhancement is a bona fide pathophysiologic mechanism in vivo. There are several examples of virus disease of humans and animals in which incomplete or partial immunity can lead to enhanced ...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
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journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
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journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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