Flexner at 100: a brief view from Oxford.

abstract：:The linguistic metaphor in biology adheres to a representational theory that seeks similarities between pre-given domains. The point of departure of this paper is the generative and nonrepresentational conception of metaphor. This paper argues that by adopting the nonrepresentational conception of metaphor, meaning-ma...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Neuman Y

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reexamines the recent case of the conjoined twins from Malta. Survival was said to be possible only through separation, which would actually leave only one twin alive. The parents refused to allow the killing of one to save the other, but the court ruled that this would amount to the neglect of innocent lif...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Barilan YM

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A detailed review of hospital records, physician's notes, diaries, letters, and autopsy reports offers sufficient clinical grounds to establish that Eugene O'Neill developed adrenal insufficiency, secondary to tuberculosis, in later life--a fact hitherto unknown--the condition not becoming manifest until after he had ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Hamilton JW

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We argue that medical decisions on behalf of children should be made with the welfare of the child as the primary interest, that parents should generally be allowed to determine which options optimize the interests of their child, and that those decisions should be formally challenged only when the parental decision p...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Diekema DS,Wilfond BS

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a growing national awareness that the extraordinary extension of life expectancy in our society poses an impending crisis for our health-care system. This is due in large part to the scarcity of primary-care providers, especially geriatricians. To address these concerns, the Obama administration has considere...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Hamerman D

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article is concerned with the practice of bioethics outside of the Euro-American and Anglophone settings in which it was first formulated. In theoretical terms, the article considers the frictions that arise when global-scale projects such as bioethics are introduced into diverse social and cultural settings. Met...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Simpson B

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of brain tumors is rising in children and the elderly, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying brain tumor initiation and progression. In the 1940s, Zimmerman and coworkers exploited the tumor-promoting potential of polycyclic hydrocarbons to produce brain tumor models in adult mice that simu...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Seyfried TN

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An intersex condition is one in which an individual is born with atypical male or female external genitalia, gonads, hormones, or chromosomes. Older terms, such as pseudohermaphroditism and hermaphroditism, are controversial, leading the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society (LWPES) and the European Society for P...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Reis E,McCarthy MW

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a need in our society to raise the national consciousness about aging, health, and the prospects for longevity, so that many more persons take responsibility for their personal health and understand what we will need in an era of health-care reform to promote health across the life course. We address this imp...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Hamerman D,Fried LP

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The impact of chronic illness on patients has been discussed extensively, but little attention has been paid to the reverse situation: the need for patients who have been chronically ill since childhood to adjust to health and normality in adulthood. Drawing upon the narratives of two adults with childhood onset disea...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Orfali K,Anderson-Shaw L

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autobiographical narratives of illness and disability are influential in popular and medical discourses of illness and disability, in part because these narratives represent illness and disability within a sociocultural context, intersecting with other categories of difference. Clinicians can benefit patients through ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Garden R

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metaphysics is an essential part of philosophy of medicine, providing the background for further methodological work. Current accounts of the ontology of particular diseases may be classified as realist or anti-realist. Because strong arguments can be marshaled by both of these positions, an approach to medical ontolo...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Simon JR

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent death of a normal healthy volunteer, as well as the increased use of normal volunteers as research subjects, has heightened the attention given to the participation of normal volunteers in clinical research. An overlooked sub-population of normal healthy volunteers are repeat, veteran volunteers. This essay...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Tishler CL,Bartholomae S

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pace of biomedical innovation is important because it determines the rate of progress in medicine and allied disciplines. A review of the history of medical advances reveals that the three decades from 1950 to 1980 were a particularly innovative time. Subsequent decades have seen fewer seminal advances, despite co...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Casadevall A

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the 1970s, something deeply consequential happened in the cultural, economic, and social relationships between science and technology. Paul Forman has proposed that the abrupt reversal of the culturally ascribed primacy in the science-technology relationship circa 1980 be taken as a demarcation of postmodernity...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Schweber SS

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As part of a mid-1940s malaria research program, U.S. Public Health Service researchers working in South Carolina chose to withhold treatment from a group of subjects while testing the efficacy of a new insecticide. Research during World War II had generated new tools to fight malaria, including the insecticide DDT an...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Slater L,Humphreys M

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The term innovation is frequently used as a justification for allowing clinicians to offer unproven autologous stem cell-based interventions (SCBIs) to their patients. Proponents of this kind of innovation (which we refer to as "clinical innovation") argue that physicians should be free to administer whatever interven...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Lipworth W,Stewart C,Kerridge I

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article proposes a means for better understanding the self and consciousness. Data indicate that the basic "emotional brain" continually computes potential survival risk against reward to rank consequent "emotion scores" for all sensory inputs. These scores compete to yield winner-takes-all outcomes that determin...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Boyd GW

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The health aspects and benefits of conception control as a justification for U.S. government support of family planning are reviewed. The Family Planning Services Act of 1970 set a goal of serving 5 million indigent women by 1975. It is predicted that the program will far surpass that goal. 340 million dollars were...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Hellman LM

更新日期：1973-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Iraqi detainees subjected to torture and mistreatment at Abu Ghraib prison may continue to suffer from significant physical and psychological consequences of their abuse. This article reports two cases of Iraqi individuals allegedly tortured at Abu Ghraib. Detailed forensic evaluations were conducted approximately one...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Keller AS

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biologists use models in two distinct ways that have not been clearly articulated. A model may be used either as an exemplar of a larger group, or as a surrogate for a specific target. Zebrafish serve as an exemplary model of vertebrates in developmental biology; rodents are both exemplary vertebrates and specific sur...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Bolker JA

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several studies suggest that clinical researchers are prone to overestimating the chance that scientific protocols will succeed, say, by confirming a treatment hypothesis or reaching recruitment targets. In this essay, we address the normative question of whether such "unrealistic optimism" is harmful in clinical rese...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Benjamin D,Kimmelman J

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The idea of being "haunted" appears often in accounts of the experience of health-care professionals and trainees who suffer from unresolved sorrow or regret about past clinical events, in particular the deaths of patients. The trope of haunting draws a direct line between past professional trauma and the dread of fut...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Belling C

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the cultural history of man's relationship with tobacco and the steps in the discovery of tobacco addiction. Nicotine dependence (ND) or nicotine addiction (NA), among other forms of drug addiction, continues to be a significant public health problem in the world, as it is associated with major se...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Russo P,Nastrucci C,Alzetta G,Szalai C

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After almost 50 years in science, I believe that there is an acceptable, often advantageous chasm between open-ended basic research-free exploration without a practical destination and in which the original ideas may fade into new concepts-and translational research or clinical research. My basic research on crystalli...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Piatigorsky J

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In retrospect, mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) in the 20th century followed an epidemic pattern: mortality rates increased dramatically from 1920 until about 1960, remained roughly constant for almost a decade, and have been decreasing since the late 1960s. CHD has traditionally been conceived of as a sing...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Azambuja MI,Levins R

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ensuring experimental outcomes are of the highest clinical caliber is crucial prior to the introduction of germline genome editing. However, if we are to police scientific progress using probability or the potential to go wrong, then we must account for the specious standards of human reproduction. With 15% of clinica...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： O'Neill HC

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over recent years there has been a gratifying decrease in the incidence of recorded deaths from coronary artery disease in the Western world. The common view is that coronary artery disease is a recent phenomenon, that we have been subject to an epidemic in the mid-20th century that is now tailing off, and that with a...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： John LC

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The reigning paradigm of rational drug discovery in translational medicine attempts to exploit biological theories and pathophysiological explanations to identify novel drug targets and therapeutic strategies. Yet because many theories in medicine are either incomplete (at best) or false (at worst), relying on theoret...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Hey SP

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When we figure medical practice as warfare, an individual clinician may be either a dutiful combatant or a conscientious objector. The rhetorical structure of this choice means that clinicians may exercise their consciences by loyally joining or disloyally exiting the medical ranks' battle against disease. But there a...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Nussbaum AM

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00