Constructive realism and medicine: an approach to medical ontology.

abstract：:Iraqi detainees subjected to torture and mistreatment at Abu Ghraib prison may continue to suffer from significant physical and psychological consequences of their abuse. This article reports two cases of Iraqi individuals allegedly tortured at Abu Ghraib. Detailed forensic evaluations were conducted approximately one...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Keller AS

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Social media use in modern medicine is fraught with ethical dilemmas and risks of unprofessional behavior. This essay surveys the existing literature on the possibilities and pitfalls of social media use by health-care professionals and concludes that non-engagement with social media is not an option. A mindful approa...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Frischtak H,Sinha P

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The linguistic metaphor in biology adheres to a representational theory that seeks similarities between pre-given domains. The point of departure of this paper is the generative and nonrepresentational conception of metaphor. This paper argues that by adopting the nonrepresentational conception of metaphor, meaning-ma...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Neuman Y

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The treatment of broken bones has long adhered to principles of tight juxtaposition of fracture ends and of strict rest. Splinting and casting with plaster of Paris helped considerably. Attempts at internal splinting with pegs, bolts, or stabilizing contraptions usually failed. Foreign materials were either not biocom...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Pierach CA

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rise of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) in health care has engendered considerable excitement, claiming to improve approaches to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Amidst the enthusiasm, the philosophical assumptions that underlie the big data and AI movement in medicine are rarely examined. This essay...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Chin-Yee B,Upshur R

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We argue that medical decisions on behalf of children should be made with the welfare of the child as the primary interest, that parents should generally be allowed to determine which options optimize the interests of their child, and that those decisions should be formally challenged only when the parental decision p...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Diekema DS,Wilfond BS

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The idea of being "haunted" appears often in accounts of the experience of health-care professionals and trainees who suffer from unresolved sorrow or regret about past clinical events, in particular the deaths of patients. The trope of haunting draws a direct line between past professional trauma and the dread of fut...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Belling C

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diverse and non-coherent sets of epistemological principles currently inform research in the general area of functional genomics. Here, from the personal point of view of a scientist with over half a century of immersion in hypothesis driven scientific discovery, I compare and deconstruct the ideological bases of prom...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Davidson EH

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article outlines a Darwinian approach to sports that takes into account its profoundly cultural character and thereby overcomes the traditional nature-culture dichotomies in the sociology of sport. We argue that there are good reasons to view sports as culturally evolved signaling systems that serve a function si...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： De Block A,Dewitte S

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A central pillar of the Belmont Report is that a bright line must be drawn between medical practice and biomedical research. That line may have been brighter 50 years ago. Today, the typical physician is likely to work for a corporation or health system that styles itself as a learning health system. Such systems incr...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Lantos JD

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autobiographical narratives of illness and disability are influential in popular and medical discourses of illness and disability, in part because these narratives represent illness and disability within a sociocultural context, intersecting with other categories of difference. Clinicians can benefit patients through ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Garden R

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medical leadership and leadership education have recently emerged as subjects of an expanding though as yet uncritical literature. Considerable attention is being given to the development of courses and electives, together with some proposals for generalizing these offerings to all medical students and doctors. This a...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Parker M

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article describes the origins and drafting of the Belmont Report by members of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Beauchamp TL

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several studies suggest that clinical researchers are prone to overestimating the chance that scientific protocols will succeed, say, by confirming a treatment hypothesis or reaching recruitment targets. In this essay, we address the normative question of whether such "unrealistic optimism" is harmful in clinical rese...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Benjamin D,Kimmelman J

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Marino Ortolani (1904-1983), a pediatrician from Ferrara, in northeastern Italy, was an outstanding pioneer in the early diagnosis and treatment of hip dysplasia. In 1935, while examining hip abduction-adduction in a six-month-old baby, Ortolani noted that a clearly audible and palpable "click" was sufficient to revea...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Stecco C,Porzionato A,Macchi V,Fantoni I,Ortolani L,De Caro R

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While the necessity of normalizing surgery on intersexed individuals is a topic of ongoing debate in the 21st century, the origins of surgery as a therapeutic practice for ambiguous or unusual genitalia lie in the 19th century. The first report of corrective surgery published in the United States appeared in the Ameri...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Matta C

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ensuring experimental outcomes are of the highest clinical caliber is crucial prior to the introduction of germline genome editing. However, if we are to police scientific progress using probability or the potential to go wrong, then we must account for the specious standards of human reproduction. With 15% of clinica...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： O'Neill HC

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biologists use models in two distinct ways that have not been clearly articulated. A model may be used either as an exemplar of a larger group, or as a surrogate for a specific target. Zebrafish serve as an exemplary model of vertebrates in developmental biology; rodents are both exemplary vertebrates and specific sur...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Bolker JA

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The emerging field of synthetic biology is a novel biological discipline at the interface between traditional biology, chemistry, and engineering sciences. Synthetic biology aims at the rational design of complex synthetic biological devices and systems with desired properties by combining compatible, modular biologic...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Hörner M,Reischmann N,Weber W

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Laura Ferguson's The Visible Skeleton Series constitutes an artistic self-representation of scoliosis. Ferguson employs high-tech medical imaging and innovative graphical techniques to suggest a novel view of her skeletal "deformity." This section presents introductions to the series by a historian of medicine and by ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Dreger AD,Ferguson L,Aspinall C,Polly DW Jr,Beckwith JB

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Scholars have shown that organ transplantation may transform ideas about one's body, with recipients feeling that they are receiving not just a body part but also a part of the donor's identity. This article focuses on a different way in which organ transplantation shapes recipient identity: the idea of becoming whole...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Rodriguez SB,Campo-Engelstein L

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Kelly, Kelly, and Russo (2014) recently proposed to integrate biological, behavioral, and social mechanisms into "mixed mechanisms" situated in the individual's "lifeworld" when considering illness causation. This article suggests considering terminological discrepancies, replacing the pathogenetic with an etiological...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Dammann O

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How can we provide the best care for growing numbers of very frail, very sick, or very old people? The disciplines of geriatrics, palliative care, and clinical ethics each have a good deal to offer to improve care for elders, yet each field is saddled with heavy historical baggage. Using a case as a springboard, we ad...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Smith AK,Micco G

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of brain tumors is rising in children and the elderly, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying brain tumor initiation and progression. In the 1940s, Zimmerman and coworkers exploited the tumor-promoting potential of polycyclic hydrocarbons to produce brain tumor models in adult mice that simu...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Seyfried TN

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human beings rely on metaphor as a primary cognitive device for interpreting the world around them. Metaphors figure especially strongly in discourse around health, illness, and medicine. It is not just that patients use metaphors to describe their personal experience of being unwell, or that medical professionals emp...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Hanne M

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Popular fiction responds to, and may exacerbate, public anxieties in ways that more highbrow literary texts may not. Robin Cook's 1977 novel Coma exemplifies the ways in which medical thrillers participate in the public discourse about health care. Written shortly after the medical establishment promoted "irreversible...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Belling C

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibody-dependent enhancement is a general in vitro property of enveloped viruses. In certain circumstances, antibody-dependent enhancement is a bona fide pathophysiologic mechanism in vivo. There are several examples of virus disease of humans and animals in which incomplete or partial immunity can lead to enhanced ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Burke DS

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The general population is experiencing lifelong exposure to old and new hazardous substances. By using data collected from a subject's own teeth, accuracy in determining the effects of exposure is assured since extrapolation is excluded. The establishment of a common tooth bank can provide means to integrate data from...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Sharon IM

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Judgments of futility are always relative to some goal. In light of that proposition, continued treatment for those diagnosed as "brain dead" is not necessarily futile. ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Miller FG

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews some of the technological devices and ideas which have been used over the years to answer the question, how does the brain work? It describes some of the early technology-based analogies and models of nerve fibers, and then discusses other analogies and models of the brain based on mechanical and ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Kirkland KL

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00