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Ecological momentary assessment of the snacking environments of children from racially/ethnically diverse households.

Abstract：

:Children consume nearly one-third of their daily energy intake as snacks (i.e., eating occasions that occur between meals); thus there is a growing interest in understanding what snacking occasions look like in the homes of young children. This study makes use of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to 1) examine differences in the contextual factors, including location, food preparation style, people present, presence of media devices, and overall atmosphere, between meal and snack occasions; and 2) explore differences in the context of snacking occasions across children's gender and weight status. Data for the current study came from the Family Matters Study, which included 150 families with children aged 5-7 years old (n = 25 from each of the following groups: Black/African American, Hispanic, Hmong, Native American, Somali, White). Parents completed an 8-day EMA observation period, during which they were surveyed after each eating occasion with the study child; questions explored contextual factors including location, food preparation style, people present, presence of media devices, and the overall atmosphere of each eating occasion. Differences between meals and snacks were observed; a smaller percentage of snacks (compared to meals) were prepared by the parent, consisted of only homemade food, and were planned ahead of time, as opposed to being served in response to a child's request. Snacks were more likely than other meals to be eaten on the couch and in the presence of a screen. Furthermore, important differences in snacking context were observed by child gender and weight status. Findings illuminate opportunities to improve children's overall dietary intake via interventions focused on improving the quality of foods served during snacks, as well as the contextual environment in which snacks are eaten.

journal_name

Appetite

journal_title

Appetite

authors

Loth KA,Tate AD,Trofholz A,Fisher JO,Miller L,Neumark-Sztainer D,Berge JM

doi

10.1016/j.appet.2019.104497

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-02-01 00:00:00

pages

104497

eissn

0195-6663

issn

1095-8304

pii

S0195-6663(19)30454-4

journal_volume

145

pub_type

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Ecological momentary assessment of the snacking environments of children from racially/ethnically diverse households.