Abstract：
:Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, affect millions of people and pose major personal and socioeconomic burdens. The causes of neurodegeneration are mostly unknown, although current efforts have described an autoimmune aspect to these diseases. Here we discuss recent findings that shed light on the involvement of the adaptive immune system in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, and provide a model and outlook for further investigation of T cell responses in neurodegenerative disease. We focus on the identification of T cell epitopes from proteins involved in disease pathogenesis and describe the identification of α-synuclein-specific epitopes in Parkinson's disease which provided a crucial link between disease susceptibility and T cell recognition.
journal_name
Curr Opin Immunoljournal_title
Current opinion in immunologyauthors
Lindestam Arlehamn CS,Garretti F,Sulzer D,Sette Adoi
10.1016/j.coi.2019.07.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-08-01 00:00:00pages
115-120eissn
0952-7915issn
1879-0372pii
S0952-7915(18)30154-7journal_volume
59pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The immune system is a delicately balanced network of interacting cells. In recent years, the concept of immune regulation/suppression has been firmly established, and both natural and induced regulatory cells play vital roles in protection from autoimmune disease. Recent work has revealed the diverse nature of regula...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2004.09.015
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunotherapy of cancer through adoptive transfer of genetically engineered T-cells constitutes a more powerful strategy than attempts to mobilize the endogenous T-cell repertoire. Application of this technology in patients offers great opportunities towards a long-awaited breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy. However...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2009.02.006
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has recently become clear that several factors must coincide for the initiation of autoimmunity. At minimum, these involve a genetic predisposition, naive lymphocytes that can react with autoantigens and a precipitating event that leads to T and/or B cell activation. Inter-individual variations in these factors pro...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2004.09.002
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many recent studies suggest an involvement of gamma delta T cells in the immune response to infectious pathogens including viruses, bacteria and eukaryotic parasites. However, it remains unclear whether the responses of gamma delta T cells are specifically directed against antigens derived from these pathogens or agai...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(91)90002-i
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dicer is a multifunctional protein that is essential across species for the generation of microRNAs, a function that is highly conserved across the plant and animal kingdoms. Intriguingly, Dicer exhibits antiviral functions in lower organisms including Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Antiviral acti...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2013.10.015
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The production of pathogenic autoantibodies in organ-specific autoimmune diseases is largely T cell dependent. For many of these diseases, the precise specificities and cytokine profiles of the T cells that respond to the corresponding autoantigens have now been identified. This knowledge has been exploited to treat s...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(00)00160-6
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Until very recently, the function of CD14 was thought to be limited to innate immune responses to bacterial and other microbial structures. It is now known that macrophage CD14 serves an additional unexpected function, namely as a receptor involved in the recognition and phagocytosis of cells undergoing apoptosis. In ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(99)00047-3
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Accessory molecules are required for microbial recognition by Toll-like receptor (TLR), subsequent signaling, and regulation of ensuing immune responses. Accessory molecules regulate TLRs on the cell surface (MD-2 and RP105), or in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (Unc93B, PRAT4A, and gp96). Other types of accessory mol...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2008.07.001
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thymocytes co-expressing the CD4 and CD8 co-receptors differentiate into mature T cells that express either CD4 or CD8 and have helper or cytotoxic functions, respectively. Recent studies indicate that commitment to the CD4+ or CD8+ lineages occurs stochastically, but retention of the appropriate co-receptor is requir...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(94)90100-7
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systems biology strives to derive accurate predictive descriptions of complex systems such as innate immunity. The innate immune system is essential for host defense, yet the resulting inflammatory response must be tightly regulated. Current understanding indicates that this system is controlled by complex regulatory ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2004.11.005
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The classification of T helper (T(H)) cells in subsets has progressively expanded and more effector subsets, besides T(H)1 and T(H)2, have been documented. These include follicular helper T cells (T(FH)), and the more recent T(H)17, 'T(H)9', and 'T(H)22'. In addition, T(H) are no longer thought of as terminally commit...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2009.07.009
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The germinal center (GC) is an important anatomical site for the development of high affinity antibodies during T-cell dependent B cell responses. Although the importance of the GC response to humoral immunity is well known, much remains to be elucidated about GC induction, maintenance and regulation. Recent studies e...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2005.04.007
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) afflicts about 2.5 million people globally and poses a major personal and socioeconomic burden. The recognition of MS as an inflammatory disease, characterized by infiltration of immune cells into the central nervous system, has spurred research into the autoimmune etiology of the condition and...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2017.08.013
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Engagement of the TCR/CD3 complex triggers a cascade of events that result in T lymphocyte activation and promote positive and negative selection of thymocytes, T lymphocyte migration and effector functions, development and activation of regulatory T cells. Gene mutations that abrogate early TCR signaling are associat...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2014.10.003
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The invariant chain (Ii) has been shown to play a critical role in the assembly, intracellular transport and function of MHC class II molecules. Recent studies suggest that these distinct activities can in many cases be attributed to distinct isoforms of Ii or to specific regions within it. Thus, regulation of Ii synt...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(94)90034-5
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adoptive transfer of T cells engineered to express artificial chimeric antigen receptors CARs) that target a tumor cell surface molecule has emerged as an exciting new approach for cancer immunotherapy. Clinical trials in patients with advanced B cell malignancies treated with CD19-specific CAR-modified T cells (C...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2015.01.002
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:V(D)J recombination not only comprises the molecular mechanism that insures diversity of the immune system but also constitutes a critical checkpoint in the developmental program of B and T lymphocytes. The analysis of human patients with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) has enabled (and will enable in the fut...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(03)00101-8
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The NLR (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing) family of intracellular sensors is a crucial component of the innate immune system. A number of NLR family members can form multiprotein complexes, called inflammasomes, and are capable of activating the cysteine protease caspase-1 in response to a wid...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2009.01.006
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sensing of RNA virus infection by the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) engages a complex signaling cascade that utilizes the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) adapter protein to orchestrate the innate host response to pathogen, ultimately leading to the induction of antiviral and inflammatory responses mediated by t...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2011.08.001
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The challenge for any vaccine design is to elicit protective humoral and/or cytotoxic immunity against life threatening pathogens while remaining innocuous. Neonatal vaccinology faces additional challenges linked to intrinsic peculiarities of the innate and adaptive neonatal immune system. These include anti-inflammat...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2016.04.004
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While certain bacteria and respiratory viruses promote local inflammation and disease onset, a more diverse colonization of the different species in the (gut) microbiome may be linked to more regulatory responses and protection against asthma and allergies. These processes are also influenced in part by food intake, b...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2016.05.009
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical and experimental data now clearly indicate that chronic inflammation significantly contributes to cancer development. Emerging out of these studies is an appreciation that persistent humoral immune responses exacerbate recruitment and activation of innate immune cells in neoplastic microenvironments where the...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2007.01.001
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) with their potent antigen presenting ability are long considered as critical factor in antitumor immunity. Despite high potential in promoting antitumor responses, tumor-associated DCs are largely defective in their functional activity and can contribute to immune suppression in cancer. In recent...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2017.01.002
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the first week after sexual exposure to HIV, HIV infection does not appear to trigger a strong innate immune response. Here we describe some recent studies that show that HIV may avoid triggering antiviral innate immune responses by not replicating efficiently in dendritic cells and by avoiding detection in inf...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2010.11.004
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The polymerase chain reaction allows the characterization of RNA and DNA sequences in samples as small as a single cell. The recent development of amplification systems designed to isolate rearranged immunoglobulin genes from single B lineage cells has provided a powerful tool to investigate various aspects of B-cell ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(95)80016-6
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adhesive phenotypes expressed by Plasmodium-falciparum-infected erythrocytes were previously thought simply to permit sequestration of parasites in the peripheral circulation. Recent work has illuminated how falciparum-infected erythrocytes may modulate the function of monocytes, macrophages and myeloid dendritic ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(02)00368-0
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccines prophylactic against infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) are based on alum adjuvanted virus-like particles. Two such vaccines have recently been shown to prevent persistent HPV infection and associated cervical cancer precursor lesions. The genotype-specific neutralising antibody directed at conformatio...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2007.01.004
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many humanized antibodies and fusion proteins targeting T-cell co-stimulatory molecules are now in late-stage clinical development (phase II, phase III) or have recently completed phase III clinical trials. Both Amevive, an LFA-3-Ig fusion protein targeting CD2, and Xanelim, a humanized anti-CD11a antibody, have shown...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(01)00279-5
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gene expression variation is critical for the normal development and physiology of immune cells. Using cDNA microarrays, a systematic, genomic-scale view of gene expression in immune cells at many stages of differentiation and activation can be obtained. From the high vantagepoint provided by this technology, the gene...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(99)00078-3
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunological memory can be regulated during either its development or its maintenance phases. Controversy and confusion surround both methods of regulation, especially in the field of T-cell memory. Recent work has helped in improving our definition of 'a memory cell', but this has been complicated by another major p...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(94)90122-8
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
