Organ donation and priority points in Israel: an ethical analysis.

Abstract:

:Israel's rates of organ donation have been one of the lowest among developed countries. An attempt to change this has led to the introduction of a pioneering new law, the Organ Transplant Act 2008, which came into effect in January 2010 and sets out principles underlying a new policy in relation to the allocation of organs for transplantation. According to this policy, a person can gain priority points by signing a donor card, making a nondirected organ donation during their lifetime, or as a result of a first-degree relative signing a donor card, or consenting to procurement of organs after death. In this opinion piece, we argue that although this approach merits attention for its innovative aspects and its potential benefits, it raises some ethical difficulties. In particular, we discuss some problems of justice and fairness inherent in the system, focusing on inequalities because of the (a) number of relatives one might have, (b) the type of living donation one makes, (c) the potential for strategic behavior, and (d) problems regarding the consent of family members.

journal_name

Transplantation

journal_title

Transplantation

authors

Quigley M,Wright L,Ravitsky V

doi

10.1097/TP.0b013e31824e3d95

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-05-27 00:00:00

pages

970-3

issue

10

eissn

0041-1337

issn

1534-6080

journal_volume

93

pub_type

社论
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    abstract::World Kidney Day on March 8, 2012, provides a chance to reflect on the success of kidney transplantation as a therapy for end-stage kidney disease that surpasses dialysis treatments both for the quality and quantity of life that it provides and for its cost-effectiveness. Anything that is both cheaper and better, but ...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/TP.0b013e318245f186

    authors: Garcia GG,Harden P,Chapman J,World Kidney Day Steering Committee 2012.

    更新日期:2012-02-27 00:00:00

  • Human, nonhuman primate, and rat pancreatic islets express erythropoietin receptors.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Erythropoietin (EPO) promotes survival in a variety of cells by mediating antiapoptotic signals through the EPO receptor (R). The authors examined pancreatic islets for the presence of EPO-R to determine whether these cells are protected by EPO from cytokine-induced apoptosis. METHODS:Reverse-transcriptase ...

    journal_title:Transplantation

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    doi:10.1097/01.TP.0000062862.88375.BD

    authors: Fenjves ES,Ochoa MS,Cabrera O,Mendez AJ,Kenyon NS,Inverardi L,Ricordi C

    更新日期:2003-04-27 00:00:00

  • The large center variation in half-lives of kidney transplants.

    abstract::Based on a log-linear model for analyzing multiple effects, center variation in the UCLA Transplant Registry is the most influential factor in early renal graft survival. Among 68 active centers accounting for 70% of all transplants between 1985 and 1989, the 1-year graft survival (adjusted for 15 covariates) varied f...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007890-199202010-00018

    authors: Gjertson DW,Terasaki PI

    更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00

  • Evidence that liposome incorporation of cyclosporine reduces its toxicity and potentiates its ability to prolong survival of cardiac allografts in mice.

    abstract::Using liposomes, multilamellar lipid vesicles (MLV), we have found that liposome-incorporated cyclosporine is not only less toxic but also more effective in prolonging survival of cardiac allografts in mice. Following intravenous injection of liposome-incorporated drug, cyclosporine levels in blood were shown to decre...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007890-199111000-00002

    authors: Górecki DC,Jakóbisiak M,Kruszewski A,Lasek W

    更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00

  • Thymectomy impairs but does not uniformly abrogate long-term acceptance of semi-identical liver allograft in inbred miniature Swine temporarily treated with FK506.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Long-term acceptance of semi-identical orthotopic liver transplants (OLTs) in inbred swine is induced by a 12-day course of FK506. To study whether acceptance is attributable to central or peripheral immune mechanisms, the effect of complete thymectomy was determined. METHODS:Total thymectomy was performed ...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.tp.0000121762.47432.15

    authors: Uryuhara K,Ambiru S,Dehoux JP,Oike F,Talpe S,Gianello P

    更新日期:2004-04-27 00:00:00

  • The nature of tolerance in adult recipient mice made tolerant of alloantigens with supralethal irradiation followed by syngeneic bone marrow cell transplantation plus injection of F1 spleen cells.

    abstract::The length of time after syngeneic bone marrow reconstitution when tolerance to alloantigens can be induced in adult mice during T cell differentiation from bone marrow cells was studied by exposing those T cells to (recipient x donor)F1 spleen cells. Supralethally irradiated C3H/He Slc(C3H; H-2k) mice were reconstitu...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007890-198906000-00021

    authors: Tomita Y,Himeno K,Mayumi H,Tokuda N,Nomoto K

    更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00

  • Living donor liver transplantation and tolerance: a potential strategy in cholangiocarcinoma.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Donor-specific immune tolerance has been reported in isolated cases of kidney transplantation associated with bone marrow transplantation. The following is a description of a living donor liver transplantation for a hilar cholangiocarcinoma in a previous recipient of an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. ME...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.TP.0000083981.82522.13

    authors: Kadry Z,Mullhaupt B,Renner EL,Bauerfeind P,Schanz U,Pestalozzi BC,Studer G,Zinkernagel R,Clavien PA

    更新日期:2003-09-27 00:00:00

  • Improvement of renal preservation by verapamil with 24-hour cold perfusion in the isolated rat kidney.

    abstract::There is substantial evidence that increased cellular calcium may activate processes that lead to cellular injury and death, and calcium entry blockers (CEB) have been shown to protect against renal ischemic injury. This approach has been used experimentally to enhance kidney preservation during both warm and cold isc...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007890-198802000-00012

    authors: Nakamoto M,Shapiro JI,Mills SD,Schrier RW,Chan L

    更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00

  • Successful renovascular reconstruction for renal allografts with multiple renal arteries.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Kidney grafts with multiple renal arteries have been considered a relative contraindication because of the increased risk of complications. In the present study, we retrospectively reviewed multiple renal artery reconstruction in kidney transplantation to elucidate the usefulness of these grafts. METHODS:Fr...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.TP.0000054461.57565.18

    authors: Makiyama K,Tanabe K,Ishida H,Tokumoto T,Shimmura H,Omoto K,Toma H

    更新日期:2003-03-27 00:00:00

  • Thy-1 antigen dendritic cells and rejection of composite tissue limb allografts in rats.

    abstract::Dendritic-shaped cells (Thy-1+DC) characterized by the surface phenotype of Thy-1+, asialo GM1+, Ia- are reported to exist exclusively in mice. However, Thy-1+ dendritic cells were observed in the skin of normal athymic nude F344, euthymic F344, and WKAH rats. Their phenotypic markers were Thy-1+, asialo GM1+, Ia-, W3...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007890-199307000-00023

    authors: Ueda A,Ito M,Ishiguro N,Miura Y,Asai J,Miura T

    更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00

  • Antilymphocytic antibodies and bone marrow transplantation. XI. Evidence that reduced Thy-1 expression in Thy-1.1 mice prevents suppression of graft-versus-host disease with anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibodies.

    abstract::Considerable variations in the suppression of graft-versus-host disease with monoclonal anti-Thy-1 antibodies were found to relate to substantial differences noted in the expression of mouse Thy-1 marker on lymph node and spleen cells of Thy-1.1 (AKR/J, C57BL/6.Thy-1.1) and Thy 1.2 (AKR/Cu, C57BL/6) mice. Thy-1.1 mice...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Mysliwietz J,Thierfelder S,Hoffmann-Fezer G,Kummer U

    更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00

  • Mapping and transcriptional properties of RT1 class II region genes.

    abstract::The class II region of major histocompatibility complex of the rat. Rattus norvegicus (RT1) consists of RT1.B, RT1.D, and RT1.H subregions. The gene order around the H subregion was determined as RT1.A--H beta-H alpha--B by RFLP analysis of naturally occurring intra-RT1 recombinant rats with HLA DP probes. A unique re...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007890-199108000-00035

    authors: Fujii H,Kakinuma M,Yoshiki T,Natori T

    更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00

  • Ganciclovir transiently attenuates murine cytomegalovirus-associated renal allograft inflammation.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Prophylactic ganciclovir (GCV) is used in high-risk renal transplant patients to prevent acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, but its impact on inflammation within the allograft itself remains undefined. METHODS:To study the effect of GCV prophylaxis on allograft inflammation, murine CMV (MCMV)-infected all...

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    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/TP.0b013e31822c6e89

    authors: Shimamura M,Saunders U,Rha B,Guo L,Cassady KA,George JF,Britt WJ

    更新日期:2011-10-15 00:00:00

  • Mycophenolate mofetil and C-reactive protein in renal transplant recipients.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:C-reactive protein (CRP) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, and renal allograft loss. Little is known about the effects of immunosuppressive and cardiovascular risk-modifying drugs on CRP in renal transplant recipients. METHODS:We retrospectively identified stable patients...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.tp.0000248864.21574.92

    authors: Wong BM,Huang M,Zaltzman JS,Prasad GV

    更新日期:2007-01-15 00:00:00

  • Detection of Complement-binding Donor-specific Antibodies, Not IgG-antibody Strength Nor C4d Status, at Antibody-mediated Rejection Diagnosis Is an Independent Predictor of Kidney Graft Failure.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) remains associated with reduced kidney graft survival and no clear prognostic marker is available. METHODS:We investigated whether donor-specific antibodies (DSA) ability to bind C1q in comparison with AMR C4d status, both indirect signs of complement activation, improve ri...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/TP.0000000000002265

    authors: Malheiro J,Santos S,Tafulo S,Dias L,Martins S,Fonseca I,Almeida M,Pedroso S,Beirão I,Castro-Henriques A,Cabrita A

    更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of protein-calorie restriction on the immune response to skin allografts in the rat.

    abstract::The effect of protein depletion on immune responsiveness was examined using a skin allograft model. Protein depletion was induced in adult Fischer (F344) male rats by the ad libitum provision of a 5% protein diet. Total serum protein, total body weight, total body nitrogen, and total body lipid were all markedly decre...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007890-198009000-00012

    authors: Austin EH,Brennan MF,Rosenberg SA

    更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00

  • Cells mediating graft rejection in the mouse. II. The Ly phenotypes of cells producing tumor allograft rejection.

    abstract::The particular T cell subsets involved in the rejection of tumor allografts were examined in mice using two different approaches. In the first, EL4 lymphoma cells or B16 melanoma cells were given to ATXBM-CBA/H mice which had been reconstituted with either naive or sensitized T cells selectively depleted with either L...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007890-198202000-00013

    authors: Loveland BE,McKenzie IF

    更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00

  • Detection of kidney reactive antibodies at crossmatch in renal transplant recipients.

    abstract::We have investigated retrospectively sera from 70 renal allograft recipients for the presence of antibodies binding to a preanastomosis biopsy of the donor kidney by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. All recipients had a negative T cell lymphocytotoxic crossmatch. A positive immunoperoxidase crossmatch for kidne...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007890-198812000-00011

    authors: Evans PR,Trickett LP,Gosney AR,Hodges E,Shires S,Wilson PJ,MacIver AG,Gardner B,Slapak M,Smith JL

    更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00

  • High incidence of monoclonal immunoglobulins in patients after liver or heart transplantation.

    abstract::Sera from 56 recipients of liver or heart transplants were investigated for monoclonal immunoglobulins (mIg) by immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) at different times during 4 years after transplantation. Transient, changing, or stable mIgs were found in 18 patients. A significantly increased mIg incidence was observ...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007890-198809000-00011

    authors: Peest D,Schaper B,Nashan B,Wonigeit K,Raude E,Pichlmayr R,Haverich A,Deicher H

    更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00

  • International Liver Transplant Society Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis and Management of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome and Portopulmonary Hypertension.

    abstract::Two distinct pulmonary vascular disorders, hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) may occur as a consequence of hepatic parenchymal or vascular abnormalities. HPS and POPH have major clinical implications for liver transplantation. A European Respiratory Society Task Force on Pulmonary-H...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章,实务指引

    doi:10.1097/TP.0000000000001229

    authors: Krowka MJ,Fallon MB,Kawut SM,Fuhrmann V,Heimbach JK,Ramsay MA,Sitbon O,Sokol RJ

    更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00

  • Frequency analysis of donor-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors in in allograft recipients. Lack of correlation with clinical outcome.

    abstract::The frequency of donor-reactive and of third party-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp) was determined by limiting dilution analysis in the peripheral blood of 13 liver allograft recipients before (pre-tpx) and at various intervals (4 to 22 months) after (post-tpx) transplantation. In 6 of 13 patients wit...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Eberspächer ML,Otto G,Herfarth C,Kabelitz D

    更新日期:1994-06-27 00:00:00

  • A prospective randomized trial of matching for HLA-A and B versus HLA-DR in renal transplantation.

    abstract::A prospective randomized trial was performed comparing survival of cadaveric grafts allocated by HLA-A+B matching and HLA-DR matching. The two allocation methods resulted in very similar graft survivals. HLA-A matching had no significant effect on graft survival. HLA-B and HLA-DR matching were shown to have approximat...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007890-198407000-00010

    authors: d'Apice AJ,Sheil AG,Tait BD,Bashir HV

    更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00

  • Conversion from twice-daily tacrolimus capsules to once-daily extended-release tacrolimus (LCPT): a phase 2 trial of stable renal transplant recipients.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:LCP-Tacro is an extended-release formulation of tacrolimus designed for once-daily dosing. Phase 1 studies demonstrated greater bioavailability to twice-daily tacrolimus capsules and no new safety concerns. METHODS:In this phase 2 study, adult stable kidney transplant patients on tacrolimus capsules (Progra...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1097/TP.0b013e3182962cc1

    authors: Gaber AO,Alloway RR,Bodziak K,Kaplan B,Bunnapradist S

    更新日期:2013-07-27 00:00:00

  • Vanishing bile-duct syndrome following liver transplantation--is it reversible?

    abstract::Loss of bile ducts is a characteristic feature of chronic rejection in the liver allograft (also known as irreversible rejection and vanishing bile-duct syndrome). Typically, this occurs as a progressive lesion resulting in irreversible damage and graft failure requiring retransplantation. In this study, we describe 6...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007890-199105000-00014

    authors: Hubscher SG,Buckels JA,Elias E,McMaster P,Neuberger J

    更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00

  • Safety of blood group A2-to-O liver transplantation: an analysis of the United Network of Organ Sharing database.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:ABO-incompatible organ transplantation typically induces hyperacute rejection. A2-to-O liver transplantations have been successful. This study compared overall and graft survival in O recipients of A2 and O grafts based on Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data. METHODS:Scientific Registry of Tr...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/TP.0b013e31825c591e

    authors: Kluger MD,Guarrera JV,Olsen SK,Brown RS Jr,Emond JC,Cherqui D

    更新日期:2012-09-15 00:00:00

  • Xenografts of rat islets into diabetic mice. An evaluation of new smaller capsules.

    abstract::Healthy rat islets were encapsulated in alginate-polylysine-alginate capsules measuring 0.25-0.35 mm in diameter using a modified encapsulation technique. The encapsulated islets were transplanted intraperitoneally in nonimmunosuppressed streptozotocin-induced diabetic BALB/c mice. The diabetic condition of the experi...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007890-199206000-00002

    authors: Lum ZP,Krestow M,Tai IT,Vacek I,Sun AM

    更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00

  • Fatal hemophagocytic syndrome after living-related liver transplantation: a report of two cases.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is a serious hematological disorder caused by activated T lymphocytes in immunologically compromised patients. There is no report of HPS in liver transplant recipients. METHODS:Among 135 patients who underwent living-related liver transplantation between June 1990 and October 2...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007890-200112150-00024

    authors: Chisuwa H,Hashikura Y,Nakazawa Y,Kamijo T,Nakazawa K,Nakayama J,Oh-Ishi T,Ikegami T,Terada M,Kawasaki S

    更新日期:2001-12-15 00:00:00

  • Ultrasound changes within the liver after total pancreatectomy and intrahepatic islet cell autotransplantation.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Intrahepatic infusion is the most common method of islet autotransplantation. Structural and functional changes within the liver may result from a number of factors, including embolization of the terminal branches of the portal vein, the effects of high insulin concentration on surrounding hepatocytes or resp...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/TP.0b013e31817348d6

    authors: Ong SL,Pollard C,Rees Y,Garcea G,Webb M,Illouz S,Berry DP,Dennison AR

    更新日期:2008-06-27 00:00:00

  • Use of donor beta 2-microglobulin-deficient transgenic mouse liver cells for isografts, allografts, and xenografts.

    abstract::Donor graft major histocompatibility complex class I antigens are targets for both allogeneic and xenogeneic rejection. Mice homozygous for beta 2-microglobulin gene disruption express reduced amounts of surface MHC class I antigens. Liver cells from such mutant mice were transplanted into isogeneic, allogeneic, and x...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007890-199304000-00046

    authors: Li X,Faustman D

    更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of preprocurement ventilation on lungs donated after cardiac death in a canine lung transplantation model.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:One method of countering chronic lung donor shortages is the practice of donation after cardiac death (DCD). However, this technique inevitably leads to pulmonary dysfunction related to warm ischemia. One promising method of alleviating this problem is ventilation. However, it can rarely be initiated from th...

    journal_title:Transplantation

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/TP.0b013e31822d87c6

    authors: Sakamoto J,Chen F,Yamada T,Nakajima D,Ohsumi A,Kikuchi R,Zhao X,Fujinaga T,Shoji T,Sakai H,Bando T,Date H

    更新日期:2011-10-27 00:00:00