Abstract:
BACKGROUND:During May-June 2010, a childhood lead poisoning outbreak related to gold ore processing was confirmed in two villages in Zamfara State, Nigeria. During June-September of that year, villages with suspected or confirmed childhood lead poisoning continued to be identified in Zamfara State. OBJECTIVES:We investigated the extent of childhood lead poisoning [≥ 1 child with a blood lead level (BLL) ≥ 10 µg/dL] and lead contamination (≥ 1 soil/dust sample with a lead level > 400 parts per million) among villages in Zamfara State and identified villages that should be prioritized for urgent interventions. METHODS:We used chain-referral sampling to identify villages of interest, defined as villages suspected of participation in gold ore processing during the previous 12 months. We interviewed villagers, determined BLLs among children < 5 years of age, and analyzed soil/dust from public areas and homes for lead. RESULTS:We identified 131 villages of interest and visited 74 (56%) villages in three local government areas. Fifty-four (77%) of 70 villages that completed the survey reported gold ore processing. Ore-processing villages were more likely to have ≥ 1 child < 5 years of age with lead poisoning (68% vs. 50%, p = 0.17) or death following convulsions (74% vs. 44%, p = 0.02). Soil/dust contamination and BLL ≥ 45 µg/dL were identified in ore-processing villages only [50% (p < 0.001) and 15% (p = 0.22), respectively]. The odds of childhood lead poisoning or lead contamination was 3.5 times as high in ore-processing villages than the other villages (95% confidence interval: 1.1, 11.3). CONCLUSION:Childhood lead poisoning and lead contamination were widespread in surveyed areas, particularly among villages that had processed ore recently. Urgent interventions are required to reduce lead exposure, morbidity, and mortality in affected communities.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Lo YC,Dooyema CA,Neri A,Durant J,Jefferies T,Medina-Marino A,de Ravello L,Thoroughman D,Davis L,Dankoli RS,Samson MY,Ibrahim LM,Okechukwu O,Umar-Tsafe NT,Dama AH,Brown MJdoi
10.1289/ehp.1104793subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-10-01 00:00:00pages
1450-5issue
10eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
120pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Extreme heat events (EHEs) are increasing in frequency in large U.S. cities and are responsible for a greater annual number of climate-related fatalities, on average, than any other form of extreme weather. In addition, low-density, sprawling patterns of urban development have been associated with enhanced s...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although press reports indicate that the leakage of methyl isocyanate (MIC) on December 3, 1984, in Bhopal has led to an increase in spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, infant mortality, and fetal abnormalities, no clinical or experimental studies on the reproductive toxicity of MIC were reported in scientific journal...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1003311
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00