WNT signaling represses astrogliogenesis via Ngn2-dependent direct suppression of astrocyte gene expression.

abstract：:Cancer stem cells (CSC) are essential for tumorigenesis. The transcription factor Sox2 is overexpressed in brain gliomas, and is essential to maintain CSC. In mouse high-grade glioma pHGG cells in culture, Sox2 deletion causes cell proliferation arrest and inability to reform tumors after transplantation in vivo; in S...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Barone C,Buccarelli M,Alessandrini F,Pagin M,Rigoldi L,Sambruni I,Favaro R,Ottolenghi S,Pallini R,Ricci-Vitiani L,Malatesta P,Nicolis SK

更新日期：2021-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unlike most bodily organs, the central nervous system (CNS) exists behind a blood-tissue barrier designed to minimize the passage of cells and macromolecules into the neural parenchyma. Yet, the CNS is routinely and effectively surveyed by the immune system. This review examines the mechanisms and participants in this...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hickey WF

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was performed in order to follow the response of rat cerebellum astroglial cells (Bergmann glial cells and astrocytes) to long-term portacaval shunt (PCS), by means of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin immunoreactivities. Bergmann glia accumulated GFAP in response to PCS, whereas as...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Suárez I,Bodega G,Arilla E,Rubio M,Villalba R,Fernández B

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have examined the migratory capacity of Schwann cells from the distal stump of a 1-week transected sciatic nerve of adult rat for a distance of 10 mm. The distal stump was introduced into the open end of a silicone chamber packed with artificial fibrin sponge (Gelaspon) soaked in phosphate-buffered saline (control ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Dubový P,Svízenská I

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our previous studies demonstrated the involvement of quinone formation in dopaminergic neuron dysfunction in the L-DOPA-treated parkinsonian model and in methamphetamine (METH) neurotoxicity. We further reported that the cysteine-rich metal-binding metallothionein (MT) family of proteins protects dopaminergic neurons ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Miyazaki I,Asanuma M,Kikkawa Y,Takeshima M,Murakami S,Miyoshi K,Sogawa N,Kita T

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligodendrocytes (OL), cells that myelinate axons in the CNS, differentiate from early to late oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) to become mature OL. Unlike the case in the rodent brain, myelin formation starts prenatally in the human brain, but the sequence of OL development and the onset of myelination are not ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Jakovcevski I,Zecevic N

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Galactosylceramide (GalC) and its sulfated analogue, sulfatide, are major galactosphingolipid components of myelin and oligodendrocyte plasma membranes in the nervous system. We previously hypothesized that these galactolipids play functional roles in the regulation of oligodendrocyte terminal differentiation by actin...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hirahara Y,Bansal R,Honke K,Ikenaka K,Wada Y

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are key players of the immune response in the central nervous system (CNS) and, being the resident innate immune cells, they are responsible for the early control of infections and for the recruitment of cells of the adaptive immune system required for pathogen clearance. The innate and adaptive immune respo...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lehnardt S

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pruning, the elimination of excess synapses is a phenomenon of fundamental importance for correct wiring of the central nervous system. The establishment of the cerebellar climbing fiber (CF)-to-Purkinje cell (PC) synapse provides a suitable model to study pruning and pruning-relevant processes during early postnatal ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kaiser N,Pätz C,Brachtendorf S,Eilers J,Bechmann I

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prion disease are characterized neuropathologically by extracellular deposits of Abeta and PrP amyloid fibrils, respectively. In both disorders, these cerebral amyloid deposits are co-localized with a broad variety of inflammation-related proteins (complement factors, acute-phase protein, ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Eikelenboom P,Bate C,Van Gool WA,Hoozemans JJ,Rozemuller JM,Veerhuis R,Williams A

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously reported that neonatal rat oligodendrocytes (OLGs) express and secrete neuregulins (NRGs) (Raabe et al., 1997). This laboratory has also shown that NRGs stimulate the differentiation of neonatal rat OLGs and that these cells express the erbB receptors for NRGs (Raabe et al., 1997). In this study, we...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Deadwyler GD,Pouly S,Antel JP,Devries GH

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroprotective M2-skewed microglia appear as promising to alter the course of neurodegenerative diseases and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are potential targets to achieve such microglial polarization. A common feature of adenosine A2A (A2A R) and cannabinoid CB2 (CB2 R) GPCRs in microglia is that their express...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Franco R,Reyes-Resina I,Aguinaga D,Lillo A,Jiménez J,Raïch I,Borroto-Escuela DO,Ferreiro-Vera C,Canela EI,Sánchez de Medina V,Del Ser-Badia A,Fuxe K,Saura CA,Navarro G

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the central nervous system, glial cells play an important role in inflammatory and immune responses, and opioid peptides have been identified as essential mediators between the nervous and the immune systems. We report the profound upregulation of the opioid-related nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) by inflammatory me...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Buzas B,Rosenberger J,Kim KW,Cox BM

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial tumor cells derived from primary tissue express large voltage-gated Na(+) currents, whereas glioma cell lines usually lack this feature. We studied the effect of serum deprivation on the expression of Na(+) currents in two astrocytoma cell lines (1321N1 and A172). Serum deprivation for more than 2 days sufficed ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kraft R,Basrai D,Benndorf K,Patt S

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes are the most numerous cell type in the central nervous system. When cultured, these cells express a wide variety of receptors for neurotransmitters. Nonetheless, it has yet to be firmly established that adult astrocytes in situ express receptors for neurotransmitters. In this report the technique of combine...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Salm AK,McCarthy KD

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes support neurons not only physically but also chemically by secreting neurotrophic factors and energy substrates. Moreover, astrocytes establish a glial network and communicate through gap junctions in the brain. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is one of major component proteins in astrocytic gap junctions. Heterozygote ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nakase T,Yoshida Y,Nagata K

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accumulating evidence has revealed that astrocytes are potential targets for various neurotransmitters. Here we investigated the effects of prostaglandins (PGs) on signal transduction in purified primary cultures of rat type-1 and type-2 astrocytes. PGF2 alpha, PGD2, and 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2, a metabolite of PGD2 and ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ito S,Sugama K,Inagaki N,Fukui H,Giles H,Wada H,Hayaishi O

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of microglia, the brain resident macrophages, in glioma biology is still ill-defined. Despite their cytotoxic potential, these cells that significantly infiltrate the tumor mass seem to support tumor growth rather than tumor eradication. A proper activation of microglia anti-tumor activities within the tumor ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Mora R,Abschuetz A,Kees T,Dokic I,Joschko N,Kleber S,Geibig R,Mosconi E,Zentgraf H,Martin-Villalba A,Régnier-Vigouroux A

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bmi1 is a polycomb group (Pc-G) protein involved in heritable gene repression, maintenance of cell identity, and proliferation. During the development of the central nervous system, Bmi1 is crucial for self-renewal of neural stem cells and for proliferation of neuronal (granule cell) progenitors of the cerebellum. Her...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zhang X,Santuccione A,Leung C,Marino S

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NG2 cells (polydendrocytes) are the fourth major non-neuronal cell type in the central nervous system parenchyma. They exhibit diverse properties, ranging from their well-established role as oligodendrocyte precursors to their ability to respond to neurotransmitters released by synaptic and non-synaptic mechanisms. Th...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hill RA,Nishiyama A

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes are thought to play a variety of key roles in the adult brain, such as their participation in synaptic transmission, in wound healing upon brain injury, and adult neurogenesis. However, to elucidate these functions in vivo has been difficult because of the lack of astrocyte-specific gene targeting. Here we ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Mori T,Tanaka K,Buffo A,Wurst W,Kühn R,Götz M

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The detection of nucleic acids by the innate immune system is an essential host response during viral infection. In recent years, a number of immune sensors capable of recognizing cytosolic DNA have been identified and include the PYHIN family members AIM2, IFI16, and p204 as well as the enzyme, cGAS. Activation of th...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Cox DJ,Field RH,Williams DG,Baran M,Bowie AG,Cunningham C,Dunne A

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent evidence suggested that ATP acting via ionotropic (P2X) and metabotropic (P2Y) purinergic receptors might be involved in signaling between glial cells and within glial-neuronal networks. In contrast to their neuronal counterpart, the identity of P2X receptors in CNS glial cells is largely unknown. In the presen...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kukley M,Barden JA,Steinhäuser C,Jabs R

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interface between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by the choroid plexuses (CPs), which are specialized structures located within the brain ventricles. They are composed of a vascularized stroma surrounded by a tight epithelium that controls molecular and cellular traffic between the blood and...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nataf S,Strazielle N,Hatterer E,Mouchiroud G,Belin MF,Ghersi-Egea JF

更新日期：2006-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglial cells are the resident macrophages that are involved in brain injuries and infections. Recent studies using transcranial two-photon microscopy have shown that ATP and P2Y receptors mediated rapid chemotactic responses of miroglia to local injury. However, the molecular mechanism for microglial chemotaxis to...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Wu LJ,Vadakkan KI,Zhuo M

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:alpha-Synuclein, a gene whose mutations, duplication, and triplication has been linked to autosomal dominant familial Parkinson's disease (fPD), appears to play a central role in the pathogenesis of sporadic PD (sPD) as well. Enhancement of neurodegeneration induced by mutant alpha-synuclein has been attributed to dat...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zhang W,Dallas S,Zhang D,Guo JP,Pang H,Wilson B,Miller DS,Chen B,Zhang W,McGeer PL,Hong JS,Zhang J

更新日期：2007-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To study the function of astrocytes in the adult brain, we have targeted the expression of E. coli nitroreductase (NTR) to the astrocytes of transgenic mice under the control of the GFAP promoter. The astrocytes expressing NTR were selectively ablated after administration of the prodrug CB1954, resulting in motor disc...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Cui W,Allen ND,Skynner M,Gusterson B,Clark AJ

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactive astrocytes are a common feature of various pathological conditions within the CNS. Morphological changes of reactive astrocytes include an altered nucleus-cytoplasm relationship, nuclear indentations, an increased amount of intermediate filaments, and an immunologically immature phenotype. Additionally, the n...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Rohlmann A,Gocht A,Wolburg H

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The floor plate (FP), a signaling center and a structure rich in radial glia-like cells, has been traditionally thought to be devoid of neurons and neuronal progenitors. However, in the midbrain, the FP contains neurons of the dopaminergic (DA) lineage that require contact with radial glia-like cells for their inducti...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bonilla S,Hall AC,Pinto L,Attardo A,Götz M,Huttner WB,Arenas E

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression profiling of distinct central nervous system (CNS) cell populations has been employed to facilitate disease classification and to provide insights into the molecular basis of brain pathology. One important cell type implicated in a wide variety of CNS disease states is the resident brain macrophage (microgl...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Solga AC,Pong WW,Walker J,Wylie T,Magrini V,Apicelli AJ,Griffith M,Griffith OL,Kohsaka S,Wu GF,Brody DL,Mardis ER,Gutmann DH

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00