Abstract:
Background:Over the last 20 years, the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in China has decreased gradually due to the application of a national HBV vaccination program. In contrast, the prevalence of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune liver disease, and drug-induced liver injury has markedly increased. Methods:We conducted a retrospective review of 82,562 hospitalized patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis in Beijing 302 Hospital from 2002 to 2013. Results:The top four etiologies of cirrhosis were HBV, HCV, ALD, and autoimmune liver disease. The percentage of HBV cirrhosis decreased from 81.53% in 2002 to 66.0% in 2013, whereas the frequency of alcoholic cirrhosis increased from 3.34% in 2002 to 8.40% in 2013. Females (84.34%) accounted for the majority of cirrhotic patients with autoimmune liver diseases. Males accounted for 80.16% of HBV cirrhosis patients and 98.02% of alcoholic cirrhosis patients. Conclusion:In Beijing 302 Hospital, the top four etiologies of cirrhosis were HBV, HCV, ALD, and autoimmune liver disease. Over the last 12 years, the prevalence of HBV cirrhosis has decreased gradually, whereas that of alcoholic cirrhosis has increased significantly.
journal_name
Mediators Inflammjournal_title
Mediators of inflammationauthors
Chang B,Li B,Sun Y,Teng G,Huang A,Li J,Zou Zdoi
10.1155/2017/5605981subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-01 00:00:00pages
5605981eissn
0962-9351issn
1466-1861journal_volume
2017pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In sarcoidosis, increased Th17 cell fractions have been reported in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and elevated numbers of Th17 cells producing IFN- γ have been observed in peripheral blood. The balance between Th1, Th17, and FoxP3(+) CD4(+) T cell subsets in sarcoidosis remains unclear. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ce...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2014/438070
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:TRAIL is a potential biomarker of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with metabolic syndrome (MeS) and accelerated atherosclerosis. We assessed whether disease activity, systemic inflammation, and MeS features were associated with circulating ...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2014/798060
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human fibroblast-like synoviocytes play a vital role in joint synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Proinflammatory cytokines induce fibroblast-like synoviocyte activation and dysfunction. The inflammatory mediator Krüppel-like factor 4 is upregulated during inflammation and plays an important role in en...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2016/1062586
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infiltration and local proliferation are known factors that contribute to tubulointerstitial macrophage accumulation. This study explored the time course of these two contributors' roles as tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis progressing, and evaluated the mechanisms of the protective effect of atorvastatin. ...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/MI/2006/12919
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelial dysfunction is regarded as an important factor in the pathogenesis of vascular disease in obesity-related type 2 diabetes. The imbalance in repair and injury (hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia) results in microvascular changes, including apoptosis of microvascular cells, ultimately leading to diabe...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2010/792393
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms and characterized by the destruction of the periodontium. Obese individuals have an increased risk of periodontitis, and elevated circulating levels of adipokines, such as nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), may be a pathomechanis...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2013/437123
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most frequent pathogen that causes bacterial meningitis is the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. By entering the brain, host cells will be activated and proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are released. The goal of the current study was to examine...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2016/7678542
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Impaired maternal immune tolerance resulting in systemic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Phenotypical changes of monocytes and neutrophil granulocytes have already been studied in preeclampsia, and some studies also included T lymphocyte activation markers; however, t...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2017/8045161
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular disease linked to atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is mainly linked to dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells and subendothelial accumulation of oxidized forms of LDL. In the present study, we investigated the role of myeloperoxidase oxidized LDL (Mox-LDL) in e...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2014/134635
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In aromatherapy, essential oils are used as anti-inflammatory remedies, but experimental studies on their action mechanisms are very limited. AIMS OF THE STUDY:To assess their anti-inflammatory activities, the effects of essential oils on neutrophil recruitment in mice were examined in vivo. METHOD:The eff...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09629350410001664798
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of persons who relocate to regions of high altitude for work, pleasure, sport, or residence increases every year. It is known that the reduced supply of oxygen (O2) induced by acute or chronic increases in altitude stimulates the body to adapt to new metabolic challenges imposed by hypoxia. Sleep can suffer...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2013/279365
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The observed effects after ozone exposure strongly depend on ozone concentration and exposure time. We hypothesized that depending on the O3 exposure protocol, mainly either an oxidant damage or an inflammation will determine the O3 toxicity. We compared two different ozone exposure protocols: an acute exposure (3 ppm...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09629359791497
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytokine-induced endothelial dysfunction leads to inflammation and vascular adhesion molecule production in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Inflammation is a critical mediator in retinal degeneration (RD) diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and RD progression may be prevented through an...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2020/9421340
更新日期:2020-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the most common cause of premature mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is the result of an accelerated atherosclerotic process. Both RA and atherosclerosis are complex polygenic diseases. Besides traditional CV risk factors and chronic inflammation, a number of studi...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2012/574817
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection with dengue virus (DENV) causes an increase in proinflammatory responses, such as nitric oxide (NO) generation and TNF-α expression; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this inflammatory activation remains undefined, although the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB is generally involved. In ...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2015/274025
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parasites of the genus Leishmania are capable of inhibiting effector functions of macrophages. These parasites have developed the adaptive ability to escape host defenses; for example, they inactivate the NF-κB complex and suppress iNOS expression in infected macrophages, which are responsible for the production of th...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2016/2631625
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Delayed rectifier K(+)-channels (Kv1.3) are predominantly expressed in T lymphocytes. Based on patch-clamp studies, the channels play crucial roles in facilitating the calcium influx necessary to trigger lymphocyte activation and proliferation. Using selective channel inhibitors in experimental animal models, in vivo ...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2015/436572
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of anti-inflammatory plant extracts, such as black tea extract (BTE) and resveratrol (RSV) could modulate cell activation leading to atherosclerosis, however there is little comparative information about how different endothelial cell types are affected by these compounds. In order to compare human endothe...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2009/146872
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (CTHRC1) has been identified as cancer-related protein. CTHRC1 expresses mainly in adventitial fibroblasts and neointimal smooth muscle cells of balloon-injured vessels and promotes cell migration and tissue repair in response to injury. CTHRC1 plays a pivotal role in some pat...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2020/9578701
更新日期:2020-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory mediators play a critical role in ulcerative colitis immune and inflammatory processes. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on inflammatory mediators (SOD, MDA, TNF-alpha, NF-kappaBp65, IL-6) in TNBS-induced colitis in rats. Colitis in rats was induced by colonic a...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/MI/2006/92642
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Systemic inflammation impairs cognitive performance, yet the brain networks mediating this process remain to be elucidated. The purpose of the current study was to use resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore changes in the functional connectivity in a lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) ...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2019/6212934
更新日期:2019-05-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study aims to investigate the effect of feeding low-fat diet (LFD) to diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice lacking TLR5 (TLR5(-/-)), which have a tendency to develop glucose intolerance with increased adiposity, compared to that in C57BL/6 mice. RESULTS:TLR5(-/-) and C57BL/6 male mice were divided into thre...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2015/852126
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytokines and chemokines are proteins that coordinate the immune response throughout the body. The dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines is a central feature in the development of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and demyelination both in the central and peripheral nervous systems and in conditions of neuropa...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2013/480739
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maresin1 (MaR1), a new anti-inflammatory and proresolving lipid mediator, has been proven to exert organ-protective effects in septic animal models. However, the potential mechanisms are still not fully elucidated. In this study, we sought to explore the impact of MaR1 on metabolic dysfunction in cecal ligation and pu...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2019/2309175
更新日期:2019-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are multifactorial disorders resulting from environmental and genetic factors. Polymorphisms in MDR1 and GSTs genes might explain individual differences in susceptibility to IBD. We carried out a case-control study to examine the association of MDR1 (C1236T and C3435T), GSTT1, and GST...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1155/2015/248060
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased insulin resistance and inflammatory action are observed in pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), but similar insulin resistance is observed also in successful pregnancy. To estimate insulin resistance and inflammatory activity in normal pregnancy and PIH, serum concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA; correc...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2012/432575
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIM:Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) was thought of as a variant of atherosclerosis. C-reactive protein (CRP) which is among the most sensitive markers of systemic inflammation, and elevation of systemic and local levels of this inflammatory marker which has been associated with an increased risk for cardiovasc...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2007/89649
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the role of lymphotoxin (LT)-alpha in host defense against airborne infection with Francisella tularensis, a gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of tularemia. Following a low-dose aerosol infection with the highly virulent type A strain of F. tularensis, mice d...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2008/239740
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human and rodent leukocytes express high levels of the glucocorticoid-inducible protein annexin 1 (ANXA1) (previously referred to as lipocortin 1). Neutrophils and monocytes have abundant ANXA1 levels. AIM:We have investigated, for the first time, ANXA1 ultrastructural expression in rat eosinophils and comp...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09629350210000015683
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin- (IL-) 35 and IL-37 are newly discovered immune-suppressing cytokines. They have been described in inflammatory diseases such as collagen-induced arthritis and asthma. However, their expressions in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients have not been yet explored. Our aim was to evaluate serum and infla...
journal_title:Mediators of inflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2014/136329
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00