Abstract:
:Sensory inputs from muscle, cutaneous, and joint afferents project to the spinal cord, where they are able to affect ongoing locomotor activity. Activation of sensory input can initiate or prolong bouts of locomotor activity depending on the identity of the sensory afferent activated and the timing of the activation within the locomotor cycle. However, the mechanisms by which afferent activity modifies locomotor rhythm and the distribution of sensory afferents to the spinal locomotor networks have not been determined. Considering the many sources of sensory inputs to the spinal cord, determining this distribution would provide insights into how sensory inputs are integrated to adjust ongoing locomotor activity. We asked whether a sparsely distributed set of sensory inputs could modify ongoing locomotor activity. To address this question, several computational models of locomotor central pattern generators (CPGs) that were mechanistically diverse and generated locomotor-like rhythmic activity were developed. We show that sensory inputs restricted to a small subset of the network neurons can perturb locomotor activity in the same manner as seen experimentally. Furthermore, we show that an architecture with sparse sensory input improves the capacity to gate sensory information by selectively modulating sensory channels. These data demonstrate that sensory input to rhythm-generating networks need not be extensively distributed.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Bui TV,Brownstone RMdoi
10.1152/jn.00866.2014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-04-01 00:00:00pages
2824-39issue
7eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598pii
jn.00866.2014journal_volume
113pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Sindbis viruses have been widely used in neurobiology to express a variety of genes in cultured neurons, in cultured slices, and in vivo. They provide fast onset and high levels of expression of foreign genes, but the expression is limited to a short time window due to a shut-off of host protein synthesis. We have use...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00464.2003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Selective attention operates in visual cortex by facilitating processing of selected stimuli and by filtering out unwanted information from nearby distracters over circumscribed regions of visual space. The neural representation of unattended stimuli outside this focus of attention is less well understood. We studied ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00974.2003
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nigrostriatal dopamine denervation plays a major role in basal ganglia circuitry disarray and motor abnormalities of Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies in rodent and primate models have revealed that striatal projection neurons, namely, medium spiny neurons (MSNs), increase the firing frequency. However, their activity...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00910.2014
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Movement of the crayfish thoracocoxal leg joint is monitored by a muscle receptor organ (TCMRO) and a chordotonal organ (TCCO). Both receptors span the joint in parallel but signal opposite directions of leg movement. The TCMRO is innervated by afferents responsive to lengthening, which corresponds to leg remotion,...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1992.67.3.648
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The noradrenergic system is widely thought to be important for associative learning in the olfactory system through actions in the first processing structure, the main olfactory bulb (MOB). Here, we used extracellular local field potential (LFP) and patch-clamp recordings in rat MOB slices to examine norepinephrine (N...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01324.2007
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term potentiation (LTP) in rat spinal dorsal horn neurons was induced by electrical high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of afferent C fibers. LTP is generally assumed to be a key mechanism of spinal sensitization. To determine the contribution of skin and muscle afferents to LTP induction, the sural nerve (SU, pure ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00415.2015
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neuronal mechanisms that contribute to tactile perception were studied using single-unit recordings from the cutaneous hand representation of primate primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortex. This study followed up on our recent observation that S1 and S2 neurons developed a sustained change in dischar...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.91121.2008
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of synaptic interconnections between the cerebellum and inferior olive, the sole source of climbing fibers, could contribute to the ontogeny of certain forms of motor learning (e.g., eyeblink conditioning). Purkinje cell complex spikes are produced exclusively by climbing fibers and exhibit short- and ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00481.2003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the ventral tegmental area (VTA), interactions between dopamine (DA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons are critical for regulating DA neuron activity and thus DA efflux. To provide a mechanistic explanation of how GABA neurons influence DA neuron firing, we developed a circuit model of the VTA. The model is ba...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00232.2016
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the effect of chronic exposure to ethanol on gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABA(A)) receptor-mediated responses of layer II pyramidal neurons of the piriform cortex. Slices containing the piriform cortex were derived from pair-fed adult rats maintained on ethanol-supplemented or control liquid di...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.1.247
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensory-driven behaviors engage a cascade of cortical regions to process sensory input and generate motor output. To investigate the temporal dynamics of neural activity at this global scale, we have improved and integrated tools to perform functional imaging across large areas of cortex using a transgenic mouse expre...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01056.2015
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Microelectrodes filled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were inserted in the superior colliculus (SC) of alert squirrel monkeys. Spontaneous eye movements were monitored in the dark during recording and intraaxonal injection of fibers carrying presaccadic signals. 2. Analysis of the relationship between neuronal a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.60.1.263
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most of what we know about the neural control of gaze comes from experiments in head-fixed animals, but several "head-free" studies have suggested that fixing the head dramatically alters the apparent gaze command. We directly investigated this issue by quantitatively comparing head-fixed and head-free gaze trajectori...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00330.2003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of a calcium-activated nonspecific cationic (CAN) current in turtle motoneurons and its involvement in plateau potentials, bistability, and wind-up was investigated by intracellular recordings in a spinal cord slice preparation. In the presence of tetraethylammonium (TEA) and tetrodotoxin (TTX), calcium a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.2.730
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-four slowly adapting type 1 (SA1) and 26 rapidly adapting (RA) cutaneous mechanoreceptive afferents in the rhesus monkey were studied with an array of independently controlled, punctate probes that covered an entire fingerpad. Each afferent had a receptive field (RF) on a single fingerpad and was studied at 73 ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.6.2701
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleus gracilis (NG) receives an abundance of visceral input from various abdominal organs and is proposed to play an important role in visceral pain processing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the necessity of the NG for colorectal input into the ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus....
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.78.1.521
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the hippocampus, the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) is expressed in interneurons that innervate perisomatic regions. PV in GABAergic synaptic terminals was proposed to limit repetitive GABA release by buffering of "residual calcium." We assessed the role of presynaptic PV in Ca(2+)-dependent GABA release ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00576.2002
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We studied the blocking properties of a spider (Nephila clavata) toxin (JSTX) purified from venom on the spiny lobster neuromuscular junction. 2. When a small amount of JSTX was applied to the neuromuscular junction, the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) was partially suppressed. The amplitude of EPSPs remai...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1987.58.2.319
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stroke survivors' difficulty in releasing grasped objects may be attributable not only to impaired finger extension but also to delays in terminating activity in the gripping flexor muscles. This study was undertaken 1) to quantify the time needed to initiate and terminate grip muscular activity following stroke and 2...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.91108.2008
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prominent arginine-vasopressin (AVP) binding and AVP V(1) type receptors are expressed early in the developing rat spinal cord. We sought to characterize their influence on neural excitability by using patch-clamp techniques to record AVP-induced responses from a population of motoneurons and interneurons in neonatal ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.3.1202
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) is commonly used in animals to mimic ocular inflammation in humans. Although the peripheral aspects of EIU have been well studied, little is known of the central neural effects of anterior eye inflammation. EIU was induced in male rats by endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg ip...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00616.2005
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The responses of sustaining and dimming fibers were characterized by the time varying firing rates elicited by extrinsic current and flashes of light. These data were simulated by an adaptive integrate-and-fire model. A postimpulse shunt conductance simulated spike-frequency adaptation. The correlation between observe...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00035.2004
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Operant conditioning was used to train cats with their heads immobilized to localize sound by directing their eyes to the location of the sources. The kinematics of those eye movements were studied and compared with eye movements to visual targets at the same locations. The main finding of this study is that eye movem...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.2.955
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular mechanisms underlying defense reactions induced by noxious heat and acids were studied in frogs (Rana pipiens) by measuring whole cell membrane currents in cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Seventy-eight of 82 DRG neurons exposed to 3-s ramps of increasing temperature to 48 degrees C exhibited an i...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2002.88.4.1843
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Precise motion control is critical to human survival on Earth and in space. Motion sensation is inherently imprecise, and the functional implications of this imprecision are not well understood. We studied a "vestibular" manual control task in which subjects attempted to keep themselves upright with a rotational hand ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00565.2018
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of acute and chronic labyrinthectomies on Fos-defined neuronal activity induced by rotation were determined with the use of quantitative image analysis procedures. Unilateral sodium arsanilate labyrinthectomies (UL) were performed either 24 h (acute) or 2 wk (chronic) before exposure to a 90 min, 2-G ce...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.1.117
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Filamentous actin (F-actin) was measured in cultured rat cerebellum granule neurons with the use of fluorescently labeled phallotoxin as a site-specific probe for F-actin, and fluorescence microscopy. The averaged apparent intensity of soma-associated F-actin-derived fluorescence (F(app)) was measured from fixed cells...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.78.2.1135
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of L-glutamate on muscle fibers of the anterior aorta of the marine gastropod Aplysia are characterized. Iontophoretically applied L-glutamate depolarized anterior aorta muscle fibers in 14% of the applications; no response was detected in the other applications. Responses to iontophoretically applied L-glu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1984.51.2.375
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The synaptic inputs to sustained OFF-center ganglion cells of the mudpuppy retina were studied using a superfused retina-eye-cup preparation. Intra- and extracellular electrophysiological recording techniques were carried out during bath application of 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB), a glutamate analog that sele...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.60.3.1122
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The whisker region in the rodent primary motor (MI) cortex receives dense projections from neurons aligned with the layer IV septa in the whisker region of the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex. To compare whisker-induced responses in MI with respect to the SI responses in the septa and adjoining barrel regions, we us...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90327.2008
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00