Treatment Strategies for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.

abstract：:Liver cancer is the second leading cause of global cancer mortality. The major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are being addressed with success by prevention efforts. Vaccination against hepatitis B virus has reduced incidence of HCC in Taiwan and is partly responsible for lower rates in China. New inf...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： McGlynn KA,Petrick JL,London WT

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is emerging as the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. This trend is, in part, secondary, to the growing incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Other risk factors include age, gender, race/ethnicity, genetic predisposition, and polycystic ovari...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Lim HW,Bernstein DE

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolic syndrome and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are 2 global health care challenges with a complex interaction. Insulin resistance, a central component of the metabolic syndrome, is epidemiologically and pathophysiologically intrinsically linked to HCV infection. Insulin resistance and diabetes affect...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Goossens N,Negro F

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteopenia, in the form of osteoporosis, is a common complication of chronic cholestatic liver diseases and, although its cause is poorly understood, it appears to be intimately related to the cholestasis itself. With more patients surviving longer with successful liver transplantation, the clinical significance of su...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Hay JE

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Steatosis is a common finding in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) due to a combination of the direct steatogenic effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the prevalence of metabolic risk factors in the HCV population. Steatosis is now established as a risk factor for disease progression in CHC and significantly im...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Dev A,Patel K,McHutchison JG

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity has become increasingly prevalent, and the number of obese patients in need of liver transplant is expected to continue to increase. In addition, liver disease due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is expected to become the leading cause of liver transplantation in the near future. However, obesity remains a...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Suraweera D,Dutson E,Saab S

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pathogenesis of HCC is poorly understood at present. There is insufficient understanding to propose a robust general model of hepatic carcinogenesis, partly because pathogenic host and environmental factors show significant regional variation, making such generalization difficult. Figure 4 is a model based on data...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Macdonald GA

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Combination therapy with beta-blockers and endoscopic band ligation (EBL) is the standard prophylaxis of esophageal variceal rebleeding in cirrhosis. Beta-blockers are the backbone of combination therapy, since their benefit extend to other complications of portal hypertension. EBL carries the risk of post-banding ulc...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Albillos A,Tejedor M

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increased survival for young liver transplant recipients has greatly improved. Increasing success has led to broader indications, thereby increasing the number of potential recipients. Pediatric liver centers are developing new strategies to cope with the ever-increasing demands for suitable size appropriate grafts. U...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Abramson O,Rosenthal P

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AMA are detected in the serum of 92% to 95% of patients with PBC using indirect immunofluorescent methods. AIC is the term used to describe the 5% to 8% of AMA-negative PBC patients who uniformly have ANA and SMA. Recent applications of more sensitive and specific tests to detect serum AMA have shown that most, if not...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Vierling JM

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Histologic cholestasis and clinical jaundice may be seen in all stages of alcoholic liver disease. In rare cases, isolated cholestasis without significant steatosis, hepatitis, or cirrhosis is identified in an alcoholic patient. The mechanisms of ethanol-induced cholestasis are not well studied but may involve compres...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Tung BY,Carithers RL Jr

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the spectrum of alcohol use disorders. The pharmacologic properties of ethanol and its metabolism, and the historical, physical, and laboratory elements that may help diagnose an alcohol use disorder are examined. The concepts of motivational interviewing and stages of change are mentioned, along ...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Albanese AP

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatic granulomas are a common finding in systemic sarcoidosis, but most patients remain asymptomatic. Elevated alkaline phosphatase is the most common sign of hepatic sarcoidosis (HS). Lacking a specific diagnostic test, the diagnosis of HS is one of exclusion. Therapy may be indicated in a minority of patients to c...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Kumar M,Herrera JL

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing at an astonishing rate in the US population. Although only a small proportion of these patients develop steatohepatitis (NASH), those who do have a greater likelihood of developing end-stage liver disease and complications. Research on liver fibrosis and ...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Bohinc BN,Diehl AM

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since publication of the first descriptions of acute liver failure (ALF) as a distinct clinical entity in the 1950's, the understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved and the management options have increased substantially. ALF still represents a major challenge for todays hepatologists, because it can ra...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Khan SA,Shah N,Williams R,Jalan R

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatic changes resulting from the regular ingestion of alcohol are many and include fat infiltration, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Only 10% to 15% of chronic alcoholics develop liver disease. Women are more susceptible. An area of considerable importance is the high prevalence of concomitant infection with hep...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Maddrey WC

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have many treatment options. For patients with surgical indication, consideration of future liver remnant and the surgical complexity of the procedure is essential. A new 3-level complexity classification categorizing 11 liver resection procedures predicts surgical complexi...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Kawaguchi Y,Lillemoe HA,Vauthey JN

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mathematical modeling of hepatitis C viral kinetics has been an important tool in understanding hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection dynamics and in estimating crucial in vivo parameters characterizing the effectiveness of HCV therapy. Because of the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents, there is a need to exte...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Chatterjee A,Smith PF,Perelson AS

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common and may progress to end-stage liver disease. Liver-related morbidity and mortality occur almost exclusively in patients whose disease progresses to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. Presence and severity of liver fibrosis seem the most important indicators of long-ter...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Adams LA,Angulo P

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bile acid synthetic defects are uncommon disorders that cause progressive cholestatic liver disease that is often lethal in infancy or early childhood. Five specific primary defects have been described. Diagnosis is based on mass spectrometry of urine and serum. Pathogenesis of liver injury is related to persistent re...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Bove KE

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Newer noninvasive tests have begun to replace liver biopsy for staging purposes. The clinician must evaluate these tools and apply them to individual patients. None of these modalities give the exact same staging of fibrosis as a liver biopsy, but they are excellent tools for risk stratification. Still, it should be r...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Bonder A,Tapper EB,Afdhal NH

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Imaging and imaging guided intervention have revolutionized the management of hepatic inflammatory diseases. Pyogenic abscess is preferentially treated percutaneously. Radiologic techniques are crucial for the diagnosis of amebic liver abscess and infectious conditions of the liver in immunocompromised patients. ...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Ralls PW

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In conclusion, the natural history of chronic HCV infection has not yet been fully defined. Current data suggest that the process runs an indolent course during the first two decades after initial infection, accounting for modest morbidity and mortality. Serious sequelae are more likely to emerge as the disease proces...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Seeff LB

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a well-established procedure used in the management of complications of portal hypertension. Although the most robust evidence supports the use of TIPS as salvage therapy in variceal hemorrhage, secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding, and treatment of refract...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Hung ML,Lee EW

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients with sickle cell disease can develop liver disease as a result of intrahepatic sickling of erythrocytes, viral hepatitis and iron overload secondary to multiple blood transfusions, and gallstone disease as a result of chronic hemolysis. The spectrum of clinical liver disease is wide and often multifactorial. ...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Theocharidou E,Suddle AR

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) has been demonstrated to be an excellent predictor of survival in patients who have end-stage liver disease. It is derived from the international normalized ratio (INR) of prothrombin time, serum creatinine, and serum total bilirubin. The major use of the MELD score is to p...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Kamath PS,Kim WR

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) can be predictable or idiosyncratic and has an estimated incidence of approximately 20 cases per 100,000 persons per year. DILI is a common cause of acute liver failure in the United States. No accurate tests for diagnosing DILI exist, and its diagnosis is based on exclusion of other c...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Gonzalez HC,Jafri SM,Gordon SC

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Decision analysis helps evaluate competing strategies under conditions of uncertainty in a wide variety of clinical settings. Despite some limitations, decision trees and Markov models remain essential tools for medical decision analysts. These techniques allow comparison of competing management strategies in a quanti...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Kim WR

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, re-OLT accounts for 10% of all OLTs performed and is associated with significantly increased resource use, and decreased survival compared with primary OLT. After transplantation into an HCV-infected recipient, infection of the allograft by HCV is invariable. As patients survive longer after liver transpla...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Forman LM

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatobiliary dysfunction associated with the use of total parenteral nutrition is a commonly recognized phenomenon occurring in up to 90% of patients on long-term therapy. Reasons for these abnormalities, both supported by research as well as theoretical possibilities are explored. Practical guidelines considered use...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Porayko MK

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00