The international normalized ratio of prothrombin time in the model for end-stage liver disease score: a reliable measure.

abstract：:With obesity reaching epidemic proportions in the United States, it is imperative that hepatologists have an understanding of the medical ramifications and methods of treatment. Evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may get the patient into the office,but weight reduction may provide a therapeutic hurdle. Thi...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Bouneva I,Kirby DF

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing at an astonishing rate in the US population. Although only a small proportion of these patients develop steatohepatitis (NASH), those who do have a greater likelihood of developing end-stage liver disease and complications. Research on liver fibrosis and ...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Bohinc BN,Diehl AM

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The management of autoimmune and cholestatic liver disorders is a challenging area of hepatology. Autoimmune and cholestatic liver diseases represent a comparatively small proportion of hepatobiliary disorders, yet their appropriate management is of critical importance for patient survival. In this article, management...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Krok KL,Munoz SJ

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoimmune liver diseases have much in common with each other, and there are clear associations with genetic haplotypes. Elegant studies have shown autoimmune liver disease induced by viruses and drugs. Although there is evidence for nonimmunological events precipitating immune disease, especially in primary sclerosin...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Peters MG

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The greatest challenge facing liver transplantation today is the shortage of donor livers. Demand far exceeds supply, and this deficit has driven expansion of what is considered an acceptable organ. The evolving standard has not come without costs, however, as each new frontier of expanded donor quality (i.e., advanci...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Feng S,Lai JC

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The term "alcoholic liver disease" encompasses a spectrum of pathologic conditions ranging from isolated steatosis to established cirrhosis. Within this spectrum, varying degrees of inflammation, hepatocellular ballooning degeneration, hepatocyte necrosis, cholestasis, and fibrosis may be encountered. This article rev...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Alpert L,Hart J

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary biliary cirrhosis is an insidious disease that progresses through the clinical phases: preclinical, asymptomatic, symptomatic, and liver insufficiency. The outlook of patients diagnosed with PBC has improved significantly over the past 2 decades because more patients are being diagnosed earlier in the disease ...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Mayo MJ

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pharmacologic management of hepatic encephalopathy includes a broad range of therapies. This article covers the specific mainstays of therapies, such as antimicrobials and laxatives, with an established evidence base. This article also covers newer modalities of therapies, such as fecal microbiota transplant, probioti...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Mahpour NY,Pioppo-Phelan L,Reja M,Tawadros A,Rustgi VK

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Current prophylactic measures have greatly reduced recurrence rates of hepatitis B after liver transplantation. HBIG remains a critically important compound and although there is variability in dosing regimens and target anti-HBs levels, it is the backbone of recurrence prevention. Adjuvant therapies with nucleoside/n...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Poordad FF

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is prevalent in the cirrhotic population, it has also been considered a potentially reversible condition. Liver transplantation represents the ultimate reversal of the decompensated cirrhotic state and should provide the best option for the reversibility of HE. However, the neurolo...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Frederick RT

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the intersection of alcohol ingestion with the law, medical ethics, and public safety, physicians are often unsure about how to proceed. Physicians' primary focus should be on patient education with an ethical and legal duty to warn the patient of the adverse effects of alcohol. Warning third parties of potential h...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Balakrishnan M,Pappas SC

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common indication for liver transplantation in the United States and Europe, and more than 20,000 patients worldwide have undergone transplantation for complications of chronic hepatitis C. In North America, HCV accounts for 15% to 50% of the liver transplants perf...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Biggins SW,Terrault NA

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Xenotransplantation of the liver, in its broadest conception, might involve the transplantation of an intact organ or xenogeneic hepatocytes, or the use of an intact xenogeneic liver or cells as an ex vivo "device." The indications for xenotransplantation include not only hepatic failure but also, potentially, the tre...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Kanai N,Platt JL

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The management of patients who have portal hypertension has changed dramatically over the last 2 decades. Pharmacologic therapy benefits the patient by reducing the risk for an initial bleed, improving the management of an acute bleed, and in reducing the risk for a rebleed. Endoscopic management has improved progress...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Henderson JM

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatic granulomas are a common finding in systemic sarcoidosis, but most patients remain asymptomatic. Elevated alkaline phosphatase is the most common sign of hepatic sarcoidosis (HS). Lacking a specific diagnostic test, the diagnosis of HS is one of exclusion. Therapy may be indicated in a minority of patients to c...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Kumar M,Herrera JL

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatocellular carcinoma can be treated using minimally invasive, image-guided, catheter-based or percutaneous techniques. Such procedures offer compelling clinical outcomes with a favorable side-effect profile in a population of patients who are poor candidates for surgical or systemic treatment. This article discuss...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Habib A,Desai K,Hickey R,Thornburg B,Lewandowski R,Salem R

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The global risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been largely driven by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection for the past century, along with hepatitis C virus (HCV), aflatoxin, excessive alcohol consumption, and obesity/diabetes. The dominant effect of HBV on global HCC risk should decline as the population vaccina...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： McGlynn KA,London WT

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past two decades, pediatric liver transplantation has become the state-of-the-art operation with anticipated success and limited mortality. The future success of pediatric liver transplantation will require thoughtful solutions to the delicate balance of risk to donors and recipients, the complex needs of the a...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Tiao G,Ryckman FC

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HCV infection becomes persistent in many patients who are otherwise immune competent. There is increasing support for potential contribution of innate immune response and viral interference with its components to the subsequent outcome. As for the adaptive immune response, humoral immunity may be largely ineffective d...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Chang KM

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are examples of complex diseases accompanied by changes in the expression of thousands of genes and a plethora of proteins encoded by these genes. Before the era of high-throughput analysis, typical translational research initiatives, a...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Baranova A,Liotta L,Petricoin E,Younossi ZM

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The past decade has brought tremendous growth in the under-standing of the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in cholestasis, both at the genetic and acquired levels. The discovery and characterization of an array of hepatobiliary transport proteins, the nuclear receptors that regulate them, and the potential clinic...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Hutchins GF,Gollan JL

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play an important role in liver fibrogenesis. They are also key players in liver regeneration as part of the stem cell niche of hepatocytes and hepatic progenitor cells. They produce growth stimulating and inhibiting factors for these epithelial cell compartments. In addition, recent studi...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Roskams T

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bile acid synthetic defects are uncommon disorders that cause progressive cholestatic liver disease that is often lethal in infancy or early childhood. Five specific primary defects have been described. Diagnosis is based on mass spectrometry of urine and serum. Pathogenesis of liver injury is related to persistent re...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Bove KE

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Noncirrhotic portal hypertension represents a heterogeneous group of conditions that have distinct clinical and hemodynamic features that often help distinguish them from cirrhosis. [figure: see text] The sites of portal flow resistance may not be precisely localized to one area of the hepatic lobule and may extend be...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Molina E,Reddy KR

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this article, the 4 phases of chronic HBV infection are reviewed and the factors that are associated with disease progression and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis are discussed. Also discussed is what is known to date about how to identify persons at the highest risk of developing HCC...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： McMahon BJ

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The diagnosis of AIH depends on the finding of several suggestive features together with careful exclusion of liver diseases of other etiologies. Wherever possible, the diagnosis should be confirmed histologically by an experienced hepatopathologist. Seronegativity for the conventional autoantibodies at presentation d...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： McFarlane IG

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Liver biopsy is used to determine the pathogenesis of liver dysfunction after liver transplantation. One or more causative factors may be identified on biopsy. The pathologist must be familiar with the histopathology of acute rejection to differentiate it from other potential complications, including biliary obstructi...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Lefkowitch JH

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetaminophen (APAP) is the leading worldwide cause of drug overdose and acute liver failure (ALF). Single overdose ingestion and therapeutic misadventure may cause hepatotoxicity. Several factors, such as concomitant alcohol use or abuse, concurrent medications, genetic factors, and nutritional status, can influence ...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Bunchorntavakul C,Reddy KR

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The most consistently identified predictive factors for a response to both IFN-alpha monotherapy and IFN-alpha in combination with ribavirin are a low HCV RNA level, the absence of fibrosis, infection with HCV genotype 2 and 3, and a prolonged duration of treatment. In addition, an early response to IFN-alpha predicts...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Barnes E,Webster G,Whalley S,Dusheiko G

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients with sickle cell disease can develop liver disease as a result of intrahepatic sickling of erythrocytes, viral hepatitis and iron overload secondary to multiple blood transfusions, and gallstone disease as a result of chronic hemolysis. The spectrum of clinical liver disease is wide and often multifactorial. ...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Theocharidou E,Suddle AR

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00