Pediatric liver transplantation.

abstract：:Despite significant advances in nonsurgical treatments of hepatocellular carcinoma, these approaches rarely result in cure. Surgery remains the mainstay of curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver transplantation, in particular, has emerged as one of the most beneficial therapeutic modalities. Questions re...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Masuoka HC,Rosen CB

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Decision analysis helps evaluate competing strategies under conditions of uncertainty in a wide variety of clinical settings. Despite some limitations, decision trees and Markov models remain essential tools for medical decision analysts. These techniques allow comparison of competing management strategies in a quanti...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Kim WR

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a well-established procedure used in the management of complications of portal hypertension. Although the most robust evidence supports the use of TIPS as salvage therapy in variceal hemorrhage, secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding, and treatment of refract...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Hung ML,Lee EW

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The global risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been largely driven by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection for the past century, along with hepatitis C virus (HCV), aflatoxin, excessive alcohol consumption, and obesity/diabetes. The dominant effect of HBV on global HCC risk should decline as the population vaccina...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： McGlynn KA,London WT

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is no secret that the health care environment today is motivated by the underlying, largely economic impetus of managed care. This is particularly evident within the organ transplantation community, where third party payers hope to minimize their financial risk by relying more and more on "centers of excellence" ne...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Evans RW,Kitzmann DJ

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although there are no randomized, controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) patients, substantial indirect evidence supports the effectiveness of ERC in symptomatic PSC patients with a dominant stricture. Currently, cumulative evide...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Thosani N,Banerjee S

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized as a global health problem and as a common cause of chronic liver disease. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) carries an increased risk for development of advanced liver disease. Lifestyle modifications with diet and exercise have been the initial management reco...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Golabi P,Bush H,Younossi ZM

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article discusses direct-acting antiviral agents that target hepatitis C virus replication, their mechanism of action, strengths, and weaknesses. In addition, varying strategies using combinations of these agents are discussed. ...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Chacko KR,Gaglio PJ

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The management of patients who have portal hypertension has changed dramatically over the last 2 decades. Pharmacologic therapy benefits the patient by reducing the risk for an initial bleed, improving the management of an acute bleed, and in reducing the risk for a rebleed. Endoscopic management has improved progress...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Henderson JM

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatotoxicity associated with any antibiotic is rare. With the wide-spread use of antimicrobial agents, however, hepatic injury is not an infrequent occurrence. Penicillins remain a widely used class of antimicrobials with a well defined record of low hepatotoxicity. The combination of clavulanate with amoxicillin ma...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Thiim M,Friedman LS

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Good management of patients at risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma includes regular ultrasound surveillance, and aggressive management of lesions detected at ultrasound. Good radiology and good pathology are essential to the appropriate management of these small lesions. With good quality testing it i...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Sherman M

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Histologic cholestasis and clinical jaundice may be seen in all stages of alcoholic liver disease. In rare cases, isolated cholestasis without significant steatosis, hepatitis, or cirrhosis is identified in an alcoholic patient. The mechanisms of ethanol-induced cholestasis are not well studied but may involve compres...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Tung BY,Carithers RL Jr

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cirrhosis is a complex process in which the architecture of the liver is replaced by structurally abnormal nodules due to cirrhosis. Cirrhosis frequently leads to the development of portal hypertension. In children, portal hypertension may be caused by a wide range of etiologies, including extrahepatic portal vein obs...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Chapin CA,Bass LM

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated, autodestructive liver disease with hepatocytes as target cells, mostly affecting young women. Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is also regarded as an autoimmune liver disease with bile duct epithelia as the target cells, resulting in a continuous loss of bile ducts. Bot...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Dienes HP,Erberich H,Dries V,Schirmacher P,Lohse A

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Liver transplantation in pediatrics has become an accepted modality of treatment in end-stage liver disease and irreversible acute liver failure. Biliary atresia is the most common indication requiring liver transplantation in children. The diagnosis and causes of acute liver failure in children differ from those in a...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Kerkar N,Emre S

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatic granulomas are a common finding in systemic sarcoidosis, but most patients remain asymptomatic. Elevated alkaline phosphatase is the most common sign of hepatic sarcoidosis (HS). Lacking a specific diagnostic test, the diagnosis of HS is one of exclusion. Therapy may be indicated in a minority of patients to c...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Kumar M,Herrera JL

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare but highly fatal condition. The most common causes include drug-induced and viral hepatitis, but other less common etiologies, especially autoimmune hepatitis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, and Wilson disease, need to be considered. Because diagnosis is frequently tied to potential for reve...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Rosenblatt R,Brown RS Jr

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ascites is the most common complication of cirrhosis. It is associated with profound changes in the splanchnic and systemic circulation and with renal abnormalities. The development of ascites is related to the existence of severe sinusoidal portal hypertension that causes marked splanchnic arterial vasodilation and a...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Cárdenas A,Bataller R,Arroyo V

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disorder that can be divided into benign steatosis or nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Elastography and scoring systems based on clinical features and routine biochemical testing can be used to assess fibrosis in patient...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Gunn NT,Shiffman ML

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pharmacologic management of hepatic encephalopathy includes a broad range of therapies. This article covers the specific mainstays of therapies, such as antimicrobials and laxatives, with an established evidence base. This article also covers newer modalities of therapies, such as fecal microbiota transplant, probioti...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Mahpour NY,Pioppo-Phelan L,Reja M,Tawadros A,Rustgi VK

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC) is the biliary manifestation of the multisystem IgG4-related disease. IgG4-SC presents with biliary strictures and/or masses that can bear a striking similarity to other malignant and inflammatory diseases. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinica...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Smit WL,Culver EL,Chapman RW

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The management of autoimmune and cholestatic liver disorders is a challenging area of hepatology. Autoimmune and cholestatic liver diseases represent a comparatively small proportion of hepatobiliary disorders, yet their appropriate management is of critical importance for patient survival. In this article, management...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Krok KL,Munoz SJ

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Liver transplant (LT) is now an established indication for patients with chronic hepatitis B, mainly because of the development and use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and oral antivirals for prophylaxis. The combination of low-dose HBIG and antivirals has been considered the standard prophylaxis regimen to preve...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Saab S,Chen PY,Saab CE,Tong MJ

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Scientists and clinicians have made tremendous advances in understanding the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and have developed impressive strategies for treating this hepatotropic virus in the short time since its discovery in 1989. This article goes beyond the current guidelines for the treatment o...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Darling JM,Fried MW

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) has been demonstrated to be an excellent predictor of survival in patients who have end-stage liver disease. It is derived from the international normalized ratio (INR) of prothrombin time, serum creatinine, and serum total bilirubin. The major use of the MELD score is to p...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Kamath PS,Kim WR

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increased survival for young liver transplant recipients has greatly improved. Increasing success has led to broader indications, thereby increasing the number of potential recipients. Pediatric liver centers are developing new strategies to cope with the ever-increasing demands for suitable size appropriate grafts. U...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Abramson O,Rosenthal P

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding of the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis on a molecular level has led to the identification of several putative serum markers of hepatic fibrosis. Either individually or in combination, these serum markers appear capable of determining early and advanced hepatic fibrosis. Radiological determination of hep...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Kelleher TB,Afdhal N

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The diagnosis of AIH depends on the finding of several suggestive features together with careful exclusion of liver diseases of other etiologies. Wherever possible, the diagnosis should be confirmed histologically by an experienced hepatopathologist. Seronegativity for the conventional autoantibodies at presentation d...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： McFarlane IG

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolic syndrome and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are 2 global health care challenges with a complex interaction. Insulin resistance, a central component of the metabolic syndrome, is epidemiologically and pathophysiologically intrinsically linked to HCV infection. Insulin resistance and diabetes affect...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Goossens N,Negro F

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although several mouse models of AIH have been described, no model is ideal. Indeed, the disease is self-limited in each model, and none is associated with significant liver fibrosis or progression to cirrhosis. Nevertheless, these models should be useful for testing different hypotheses regarding the initiation of AI...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Howell CD

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00