Abstract：
:Hepatotoxicity associated with any antibiotic is rare. With the wide-spread use of antimicrobial agents, however, hepatic injury is not an infrequent occurrence. Penicillins remain a widely used class of antimicrobials with a well defined record of low hepatotoxicity. The combination of clavulanate with amoxicillin may be associated with the greatest risk for liver injury from any antimicrobial agent. Significant hepatotoxicity also may occur with sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim and combination regimens used to treat tuberculosis. An autoimmune-like hepatitis may result from minocycline or nitrofurantoin exposure and most often resolves with cessation of therapy. Treatment with high doses of tetracycline and oxacillin may be associated with severe hepatotoxicity. Early suspicion of hepatocellular injury in the setting of antimicrobial exposure should prompt cessation of therapy and avoidance of rechallenge.
journal_name
Clin Liver Disjournal_title
Clinics in liver diseaseauthors
Thiim M,Friedman LSdoi
10.1016/s1089-3261(03)00021-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-05-01 00:00:00pages
381-99, vi-viiissue
2eissn
1089-3261issn
1557-8224pii
S1089-3261(03)00021-7journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The answers to these questions are key to understanding the pathogenesis of PBC. Although the study of PBC is significantly retarded by the lack of an adequate animal model, the molecular technology to address these issues is advancing rapidly. In addition, the ability to isolate and culture human biliary epithelial c...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1089-3261(03)00093-x
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recurrent autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and de novo AIH are 2 important causes of late graft failure after liver transplantation (LT). Recurrent AIH occurs in patients who undergo LT for AIH. De novo AIH occurs in patients who are transplanted for etiologies other than AIH. Although typically treated with standard treatm...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2016.12.010
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bile acid synthetic defects are uncommon disorders that cause progressive cholestatic liver disease that is often lethal in infancy or early childhood. Five specific primary defects have been described. Diagnosis is based on mass spectrometry of urine and serum. Pathogenesis of liver injury is related to persistent re...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70144-6
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Liver cancer is the second leading cause of global cancer mortality. The major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are being addressed with success by prevention efforts. Vaccination against hepatitis B virus has reduced incidence of HCC in Taiwan and is partly responsible for lower rates in China. New inf...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2015.01.001
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are among the most common drugs associated with drug-induced liver injury, with an estimated incidence of between 3 and 23 per 100,000 patient years. Nimesulide, sulindac, and diclofenac seem to be associated with the highest risk and the only risk factor consistently identified is...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2007.06.004
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Liver transplant (LT) is now an established indication for patients with chronic hepatitis B, mainly because of the development and use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and oral antivirals for prophylaxis. The combination of low-dose HBIG and antivirals has been considered the standard prophylaxis regimen to preve...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2016.06.004
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biochemical cholestasis after liver transplantation is common and often has no clinical significance if biliary anastomosis strictures and leaks have been excluded. There is no agreed upon definition for severe cholestasis, but it is associated with a worse mortality. There has been little evaluation on risk factors, ...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2007.11.001
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a well-established procedure used in the management of complications of portal hypertension. Although the most robust evidence supports the use of TIPS as salvage therapy in variceal hemorrhage, secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding, and treatment of refract...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2019.07.004
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70125-2
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2015.04.001
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although several mouse models of AIH have been described, no model is ideal. Indeed, the disease is self-limited in each model, and none is associated with significant liver fibrosis or progression to cirrhosis. Nevertheless, these models should be useful for testing different hypotheses regarding the initiation of AI...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1089-3261(02)00026-0
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cirrhosis is a complex process in which the architecture of the liver is replaced by structurally abnormal nodules due to cirrhosis. Cirrhosis frequently leads to the development of portal hypertension. In children, portal hypertension may be caused by a wide range of etiologies, including extrahepatic portal vein obs...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2018.06.007
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is prevalent in the cirrhotic population, it has also been considered a potentially reversible condition. Liver transplantation represents the ultimate reversal of the decompensated cirrhotic state and should provide the best option for the reversibility of HE. However, the neurolo...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2011.12.004
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding of the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis on a molecular level has led to the identification of several putative serum markers of hepatic fibrosis. Either individually or in combination, these serum markers appear capable of determining early and advanced hepatic fibrosis. Radiological determination of hep...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2005.08.002
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Renal dysfunction is a frequent complication in patients with endstage liver disease awaiting orthotopic liver transplantation. Although the stereotypical form of renal dysfunction is the hepatorenal syndrome, common causes of acute kidney injury include prerenal azotemia and acute tubular necrosis in this population....
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2011.08.001
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There have been major advances in the field of hepatitis B (HBV) over the last few decades. These advances have resulted in the understanding of the natural history of chronic HBV infection, effective vaccines against the virus, sensitive assays for screening and monitoring of treatment, and effective treatments for v...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2010.05.003
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized as a global health problem and as a common cause of chronic liver disease. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) carries an increased risk for development of advanced liver disease. Lifestyle modifications with diet and exercise have been the initial management reco...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2017.06.010
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteopenia, in the form of osteoporosis, is a common complication of chronic cholestatic liver diseases and, although its cause is poorly understood, it appears to be intimately related to the cholestasis itself. With more patients surviving longer with successful liver transplantation, the clinical significance of su...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70015-5
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) has been demonstrated to be an excellent predictor of survival in patients who have end-stage liver disease. It is derived from the international normalized ratio (INR) of prothrombin time, serum creatinine, and serum total bilirubin. The major use of the MELD score is to p...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2008.09.001
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Liver transplantation in pediatrics has become an accepted modality of treatment in end-stage liver disease and irreversible acute liver failure. Biliary atresia is the most common indication requiring liver transplantation in children. The diagnosis and causes of acute liver failure in children differ from those in a...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2007.04.001
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article introduces one of the most diverse classes of direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C, the nucleoside and non-nucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitors. Through a systematic review of the published literature, we describe their structure, mechanism of action, issues with resistance, and clinical effectivenes...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2011.05.003
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abnormalities of LFTs and liver function occur not infrequently in patients with rheumatic conditions, and many diagnostic possibilities exist. Systemic inflammation that is related to uncontrolled rheumatic disease and periods of disease remission have been described as a cause for fluctuations in levels of serum ami...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1089-3261(02)00052-1
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The causes of hepatic granulomas are numerous and their identification can be difficult. Sarcoidosis is a main cause of hepatic granulomas. The mechanisms that initiate the formation of sarcoid granulomas are unknown. This article discusses the pathology of hepatic sarcoidosis and hepatic granulomas. ...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70108-2
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatocellular carcinoma can be treated using minimally invasive, image-guided, catheter-based or percutaneous techniques. Such procedures offer compelling clinical outcomes with a favorable side-effect profile in a population of patients who are poor candidates for surgical or systemic treatment. This article discuss...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2015.01.008
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pharmacologic management of hepatic encephalopathy includes a broad range of therapies. This article covers the specific mainstays of therapies, such as antimicrobials and laxatives, with an established evidence base. This article also covers newer modalities of therapies, such as fecal microbiota transplant, probioti...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2020.01.005
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A variety of benign and malignant neoplasms can be encountered in the liver. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections alone may not yield sufficient information to definitively diagnose liver tumors; therefore, ancillary studies with immunohistochemical markers can play a crucial role in differentiating the diffe...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2010.10.001
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) represents a continuum of transient and reversible neurologic and psychiatric dysfunction. It is a reversible state of impaired cognitive function or altered consciousness in patients with liver disease or portosystemic shunting. Over the last several years, high-quality studies have been c...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2012.03.009
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disorder that can be divided into benign steatosis or nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Elastography and scoring systems based on clinical features and routine biochemical testing can be used to assess fibrosis in patient...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2017.08.006
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For patients who present with variceal bleeding refractory to endoscopic and pharmacologic methods, TIPS is a new and effective therapy. Stents are used in selected patients with decompensated liver disease and those who anticipate liver transplantation within 6 to 12 months. Surveillance of TIPS with ultrasound, with...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70257-9
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Liver biopsy is used to determine the pathogenesis of liver dysfunction after liver transplantation. One or more causative factors may be identified on biopsy. The pathologist must be familiar with the histopathology of acute rejection to differentiate it from other potential complications, including biliary obstructi...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1089-3261(02)00003-x
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
