Natural history of primary biliary cirrhosis.

abstract：:Biochemical cholestasis after liver transplantation is common and often has no clinical significance if biliary anastomosis strictures and leaks have been excluded. There is no agreed upon definition for severe cholestasis, but it is associated with a worse mortality. There has been little evaluation on risk factors, ...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Corbani A,Burroughs AK

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The management of autoimmune and cholestatic liver disorders is a challenging area of hepatology. Autoimmune and cholestatic liver diseases represent a comparatively small proportion of hepatobiliary disorders, yet their appropriate management is of critical importance for patient survival. In this article, management...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Krok KL,Munoz SJ

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viral hepatitis can cause a wide spectrum of clinical presentations from a benign form with minimal or no symptoms to acute liver failure or death. Hepatitis D coinfection and superinfection have distinct clinical courses, with the latter more likely leading to chronic infection. Management of chronic hepatitis D viru...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Cheung A,Kwo P

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Newer noninvasive tests have begun to replace liver biopsy for staging purposes. The clinician must evaluate these tools and apply them to individual patients. None of these modalities give the exact same staging of fibrosis as a liver biopsy, but they are excellent tools for risk stratification. Still, it should be r...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Bonder A,Tapper EB,Afdhal NH

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Scientists and clinicians have made tremendous advances in understanding the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and have developed impressive strategies for treating this hepatotropic virus in the short time since its discovery in 1989. This article goes beyond the current guidelines for the treatment o...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Darling JM,Fried MW

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Artificial liver-support devices attempt to bridge patients with fulminant hepatic failure until either a suitable liver allograft is obtained for transplantation or the patient's own liver regenerates sufficiently to resume normal function. It is thought that toxins contribute to the clinical picture of fulminant hep...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Sechser A,Osorio J,Freise C,Osorio RW

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A variety of benign and malignant neoplasms can be encountered in the liver. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections alone may not yield sufficient information to definitively diagnose liver tumors; therefore, ancillary studies with immunohistochemical markers can play a crucial role in differentiating the diffe...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Chan ES,Yeh MM

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Combination therapy with beta-blockers and endoscopic band ligation (EBL) is the standard prophylaxis of esophageal variceal rebleeding in cirrhosis. Beta-blockers are the backbone of combination therapy, since their benefit extend to other complications of portal hypertension. EBL carries the risk of post-banding ulc...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Albillos A,Tejedor M

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pathogenesis of HCC is poorly understood at present. There is insufficient understanding to propose a robust general model of hepatic carcinogenesis, partly because pathogenic host and environmental factors show significant regional variation, making such generalization difficult. Figure 4 is a model based on data...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Macdonald GA

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In conclusion, the natural history of chronic HCV infection has not yet been fully defined. Current data suggest that the process runs an indolent course during the first two decades after initial infection, accounting for modest morbidity and mortality. Serious sequelae are more likely to emerge as the disease proces...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Seeff LB

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although several mouse models of AIH have been described, no model is ideal. Indeed, the disease is self-limited in each model, and none is associated with significant liver fibrosis or progression to cirrhosis. Nevertheless, these models should be useful for testing different hypotheses regarding the initiation of AI...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Howell CD

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatic granulomas are a common finding in systemic sarcoidosis, but most patients remain asymptomatic. Elevated alkaline phosphatase is the most common sign of hepatic sarcoidosis (HS). Lacking a specific diagnostic test, the diagnosis of HS is one of exclusion. Therapy may be indicated in a minority of patients to c...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Kumar M,Herrera JL

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatocellular carcinoma can be treated using minimally invasive, image-guided, catheter-based or percutaneous techniques. Such procedures offer compelling clinical outcomes with a favorable side-effect profile in a population of patients who are poor candidates for surgical or systemic treatment. This article discuss...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Habib A,Desai K,Hickey R,Thornburg B,Lewandowski R,Salem R

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Imaging and imaging guided intervention have revolutionized the management of hepatic inflammatory diseases. Pyogenic abscess is preferentially treated percutaneously. Radiologic techniques are crucial for the diagnosis of amebic liver abscess and infectious conditions of the liver in immunocompromised patients. ...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Ralls PW

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The causes of hepatic granulomas are numerous and their identification can be difficult. Sarcoidosis is a main cause of hepatic granulomas. The mechanisms that initiate the formation of sarcoid granulomas are unknown. This article discusses the pathology of hepatic sarcoidosis and hepatic granulomas. ...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Valla DC,Benhamou JP

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolic syndrome and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are 2 global health care challenges with a complex interaction. Insulin resistance, a central component of the metabolic syndrome, is epidemiologically and pathophysiologically intrinsically linked to HCV infection. Insulin resistance and diabetes affect...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Goossens N,Negro F

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary liver cancer is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer mortality. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the United States encompassing a spectrum of entities marked by hepatic steatosis in the absence of significant alco...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Page JM,Harrison SA

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a systemic disease with hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations, including neuropsychiatric conditions. Depression is a frequent disorder, which has been reported in one-third of patients with HCV infection and has an estimated prevalence of 1.5 to 4.0 times higher than that observ...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Adinolfi LE,Nevola R,Rinaldi L,Romano C,Giordano M

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Steatosis is a common finding in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) due to a combination of the direct steatogenic effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the prevalence of metabolic risk factors in the HCV population. Steatosis is now established as a risk factor for disease progression in CHC and significantly im...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Dev A,Patel K,McHutchison JG

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Current prophylactic measures have greatly reduced recurrence rates of hepatitis B after liver transplantation. HBIG remains a critically important compound and although there is variability in dosing regimens and target anti-HBs levels, it is the backbone of recurrence prevention. Adjuvant therapies with nucleoside/n...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Poordad FF

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Early diagnosis of HCC is possible because certain risk factors for this tumor are known and because sensitive and relatively inexpensive diagnostic tools are available. Early diagnosis of HCC is also possible because of the long phase of asymptomatic tumor growth and the tumor's tendency to grow as a solitary mass in...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Colombo M

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetaminophen (APAP) is the leading worldwide cause of drug overdose and acute liver failure (ALF). Single overdose ingestion and therapeutic misadventure may cause hepatotoxicity. Several factors, such as concomitant alcohol use or abuse, concurrent medications, genetic factors, and nutritional status, can influence ...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Bunchorntavakul C,Reddy KR

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) represents a continuum of transient and reversible neurologic and psychiatric dysfunction. It is a reversible state of impaired cognitive function or altered consciousness in patients with liver disease or portosystemic shunting. Over the last several years, high-quality studies have been c...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Khungar V,Poordad F

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is prevalent in the cirrhotic population, it has also been considered a potentially reversible condition. Liver transplantation represents the ultimate reversal of the decompensated cirrhotic state and should provide the best option for the reversibility of HE. However, the neurolo...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Frederick RT

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity has become increasingly prevalent, and the number of obese patients in need of liver transplant is expected to continue to increase. In addition, liver disease due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is expected to become the leading cause of liver transplantation in the near future. However, obesity remains a...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Suraweera D,Dutson E,Saab S

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HCV infection becomes persistent in many patients who are otherwise immune competent. There is increasing support for potential contribution of innate immune response and viral interference with its components to the subsequent outcome. As for the adaptive immune response, humoral immunity may be largely ineffective d...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Chang KM

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Xenotransplantation of the liver, in its broadest conception, might involve the transplantation of an intact organ or xenogeneic hepatocytes, or the use of an intact xenogeneic liver or cells as an ex vivo "device." The indications for xenotransplantation include not only hepatic failure but also, potentially, the tre...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Kanai N,Platt JL

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) and overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) impair the ability to operate machinery. The legal responsibilities of US physicians who diagnose and treat patients with hepatic encephalopathy vary among states. It is imperative that physicians know the laws regarding reporting in their...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Vierling JM

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this article, the 4 phases of chronic HBV infection are reviewed and the factors that are associated with disease progression and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis are discussed. Also discussed is what is known to date about how to identify persons at the highest risk of developing HCC...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： McMahon BJ

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is no secret that the health care environment today is motivated by the underlying, largely economic impetus of managed care. This is particularly evident within the organ transplantation community, where third party payers hope to minimize their financial risk by relying more and more on "centers of excellence" ne...

journal_title：Clinics in liver disease

authors： Evans RW,Kitzmann DJ

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00