Abstract:
:The pathogenesis of HCC is poorly understood at present. There is insufficient understanding to propose a robust general model of hepatic carcinogenesis, partly because pathogenic host and environmental factors show significant regional variation, making such generalization difficult. Figure 4 is a model based on data presented in this article. Multiple risk factors for HCC have been identified, including cirrhosis, male gender, increasing patient age, toxins, chronic viral hepatitis, and other specific liver diseases. The understanding of how the individual risk factors result in genetic changes is rudimentary, and there is even less understanding about interactions between risk factors. Future studies should acknowledge the geographic origin of the HCCs studied and consider the effects of cirrhosis, gender, and age. A more rigorous approach to these factors may help explicate the interaction with specific liver diseases so that a comprehensive model of hepatic carcinogenesis can be developed.
journal_name
Clin Liver Disjournal_title
Clinics in liver diseaseauthors
Macdonald GAdoi
10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70154-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-02-01 00:00:00pages
69-85issue
1eissn
1089-3261issn
1557-8224pii
S1089-3261(05)70154-9journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) molecular virology is helping to shape the future of our anti-HCV strategies by identifying new antiviral targets. With the advent of agents that specifically target individual HCV proteins, HCV-specific therapy has arrived. Key to these efforts is the development of high-efficienc...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
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journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
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journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
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journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
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abstract::Scientists and clinicians have made tremendous advances in understanding the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and have developed impressive strategies for treating this hepatotropic virus in the short time since its discovery in 1989. This article goes beyond the current guidelines for the treatment o...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
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journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
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journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
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journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
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journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
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journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2015.06.002
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journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2007.04.001
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journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
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abstract::Primary sclerosing cholangitis is characterized by progressive fibrosing obliteration of the biliary tract. In some cases the disease is restricted to the small bile ducts, but most patients develop fibrotic stenoses of the larger bile ducts. Despite advances in magnetic resonance cholangiography, in unclear cases end...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
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journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2004.12.004
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journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Histologic cholestasis and clinical jaundice may be seen in all stages of alcoholic liver disease. In rare cases, isolated cholestasis without significant steatosis, hepatitis, or cirrhosis is identified in an alcoholic patient. The mechanisms of ethanol-induced cholestasis are not well studied but may involve compres...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70086-6
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2008.03.009
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abstract::Although recent evidence indicates that the quasispecies nature of HCV constitutes a critical strategy for the virus to survive in the host, the mechanisms of viral persistence remain unknown. Similarly, the correlates of immune protection in a limited proportion of individuals who succeed in clearing HCV are still la...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
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journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
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journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) can be predictable or idiosyncratic and has an estimated incidence of approximately 20 cases per 100,000 persons per year. DILI is a common cause of acute liver failure in the United States. No accurate tests for diagnosing DILI exist, and its diagnosis is based on exclusion of other c...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
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abstract::In summary, re-OLT accounts for 10% of all OLTs performed and is associated with significantly increased resource use, and decreased survival compared with primary OLT. After transplantation into an HCV-infected recipient, infection of the allograft by HCV is invariable. As patients survive longer after liver transpla...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
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abstract::Current prophylactic measures have greatly reduced recurrence rates of hepatitis B after liver transplantation. HBIG remains a critically important compound and although there is variability in dosing regimens and target anti-HBs levels, it is the backbone of recurrence prevention. Adjuvant therapies with nucleoside/n...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
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abstract::The most consistently identified predictive factors for a response to both IFN-alpha monotherapy and IFN-alpha in combination with ribavirin are a low HCV RNA level, the absence of fibrosis, infection with HCV genotype 2 and 3, and a prolonged duration of treatment. In addition, an early response to IFN-alpha predicts...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
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doi:10.1016/j.cld.2004.11.003
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral hepatitis can cause a wide spectrum of clinical presentations from a benign form with minimal or no symptoms to acute liver failure or death. Hepatitis D coinfection and superinfection have distinct clinical courses, with the latter more likely leading to chronic infection. Management of chronic hepatitis D viru...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
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abstract::Good management of patients at risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma includes regular ultrasound surveillance, and aggressive management of lesions detected at ultrasound. Good radiology and good pathology are essential to the appropriate management of these small lesions. With good quality testing it i...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetaminophen (APAP) is the leading worldwide cause of drug overdose and acute liver failure (ALF). Single overdose ingestion and therapeutic misadventure may cause hepatotoxicity. Several factors, such as concomitant alcohol use or abuse, concurrent medications, genetic factors, and nutritional status, can influence ...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
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