Abstract:
:Xenotransplantation of the liver, in its broadest conception, might involve the transplantation of an intact organ or xenogeneic hepatocytes, or the use of an intact xenogeneic liver or cells as an ex vivo "device." The indications for xenotransplantation include not only hepatic failure but also, potentially, the treatment of metabolic diseases. The hurdles to xenotransplantation include immune, physiologic, and infectious complications. New information and progress in experimental systems are bringing xenotransplantation closer to clinical application.
journal_name
Clin Liver Disjournal_title
Clinics in liver diseaseauthors
Kanai N,Platt JLdoi
10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70135-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-08-01 00:00:00pages
731-46, x-xiissue
3eissn
1089-3261issn
1557-8224pii
S1089-3261(05)70135-5journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The most consistently identified predictive factors for a response to both IFN-alpha monotherapy and IFN-alpha in combination with ribavirin are a low HCV RNA level, the absence of fibrosis, infection with HCV genotype 2 and 3, and a prolonged duration of treatment. In addition, an early response to IFN-alpha predicts...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70238-5
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is no secret that the health care environment today is motivated by the underlying, largely economic impetus of managed care. This is particularly evident within the organ transplantation community, where third party payers hope to minimize their financial risk by relying more and more on "centers of excellence" ne...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70272-5
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the liver disease associated with obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. Although steatosis is a key histologic feature, liver biopsies of patients with NAFLD can show a wide range of findings. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive subtype of NAFLD fir...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2015.10.011
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because of shared routes of transmission, hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is common among HIV-infected persons. Because of the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy, chronic HCV has now emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. Because chronic HCV is highly prevalent among HIV-infec...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2008.03.009
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, the 4 phases of chronic HBV infection are reviewed and the factors that are associated with disease progression and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis are discussed. Also discussed is what is known to date about how to identify persons at the highest risk of developing HCC...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2010.05.007
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the intersection of alcohol ingestion with the law, medical ethics, and public safety, physicians are often unsure about how to proceed. Physicians' primary focus should be on patient education with an ethical and legal duty to warn the patient of the adverse effects of alcohol. Warning third parties of potential h...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2018.09.002
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variety of benign and malignant neoplasms can be encountered in the liver. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections alone may not yield sufficient information to definitively diagnose liver tumors; therefore, ancillary studies with immunohistochemical markers can play a crucial role in differentiating the diffe...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2010.10.001
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In conclusion, the natural history of chronic HCV infection has not yet been fully defined. Current data suggest that the process runs an indolent course during the first two decades after initial infection, accounting for modest morbidity and mortality. Serious sequelae are more likely to emerge as the disease proces...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70323-8
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osteopenia, in the form of osteoporosis, is a common complication of chronic cholestatic liver diseases and, although its cause is poorly understood, it appears to be intimately related to the cholestasis itself. With more patients surviving longer with successful liver transplantation, the clinical significance of su...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70015-5
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary biliary cirrhosis is an insidious disease that progresses through the clinical phases: preclinical, asymptomatic, symptomatic, and liver insufficiency. The outlook of patients diagnosed with PBC has improved significantly over the past 2 decades because more patients are being diagnosed earlier in the disease ...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2008.02.012
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The management of patients who have portal hypertension has changed dramatically over the last 2 decades. Pharmacologic therapy benefits the patient by reducing the risk for an initial bleed, improving the management of an acute bleed, and in reducing the risk for a rebleed. Endoscopic management has improved progress...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2006.08.020
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recurrent autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and de novo AIH are 2 important causes of late graft failure after liver transplantation (LT). Recurrent AIH occurs in patients who undergo LT for AIH. De novo AIH occurs in patients who are transplanted for etiologies other than AIH. Although typically treated with standard treatm...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2016.12.010
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) represents a continuum of transient and reversible neurologic and psychiatric dysfunction. It is a reversible state of impaired cognitive function or altered consciousness in patients with liver disease or portosystemic shunting. Over the last several years, high-quality studies have been c...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2012.03.009
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetaminophen (APAP) is the leading worldwide cause of drug overdose and acute liver failure (ALF). Single overdose ingestion and therapeutic misadventure may cause hepatotoxicity. Several factors, such as concomitant alcohol use or abuse, concurrent medications, genetic factors, and nutritional status, can influence ...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2013.07.005
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pruritus is a common symptom with primary biliary cholangitis. Research has focused on refining understanding of the neurohumoral pathways involved in transduction of pruritus from peripheral cutaneous receptors to the central nervous system, and identifying modulating drugs. Current treatments have variable efficacy ...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2018.03.005
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Standard therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C is effective in 40% to 50% of individuals with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and is associated with significant treatment-related toxicities. Newly developed small molecules that target key enzymes essential for HCV replica...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2009.05.009
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current prophylactic measures have greatly reduced recurrence rates of hepatitis B after liver transplantation. HBIG remains a critically important compound and although there is variability in dosing regimens and target anti-HBs levels, it is the backbone of recurrence prevention. Adjuvant therapies with nucleoside/n...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2004.02.011
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play an important role in liver fibrogenesis. They are also key players in liver regeneration as part of the stem cell niche of hepatocytes and hepatic progenitor cells. They produce growth stimulating and inhibiting factors for these epithelial cell compartments. In addition, recent studi...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2008.07.014
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early diagnosis of HCC is possible because certain risk factors for this tumor are known and because sensitive and relatively inexpensive diagnostic tools are available. Early diagnosis of HCC is also possible because of the long phase of asymptomatic tumor growth and the tumor's tendency to grow as a solitary mass in...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70156-2
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::HCV infection becomes persistent in many patients who are otherwise immune competent. There is increasing support for potential contribution of innate immune response and viral interference with its components to the subsequent outcome. As for the adaptive immune response, humoral immunity may be largely ineffective d...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1089-3261(02)00068-5
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Good management of patients at risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma includes regular ultrasound surveillance, and aggressive management of lesions detected at ultrasound. Good radiology and good pathology are essential to the appropriate management of these small lesions. With good quality testing it i...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2007.08.011
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with sickle cell disease can develop liver disease as a result of intrahepatic sickling of erythrocytes, viral hepatitis and iron overload secondary to multiple blood transfusions, and gallstone disease as a result of chronic hemolysis. The spectrum of clinical liver disease is wide and often multifactorial. ...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2018.12.002
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Liver dysfunction is common in both the critically ill and postoperative patient. Metabolic derangements secondary to sepsis, poor hepatic perfusion, total parenteral nutrition, in addition to hemodynamic and anesthetic-induced changes that occur during surgery, can cause liver damage ranging from small self-limited a...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2010.09.004
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Newer noninvasive tests have begun to replace liver biopsy for staging purposes. The clinician must evaluate these tools and apply them to individual patients. None of these modalities give the exact same staging of fibrosis as a liver biopsy, but they are excellent tools for risk stratification. Still, it should be r...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2014.09.007
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacologic management of hepatic encephalopathy includes a broad range of therapies. This article covers the specific mainstays of therapies, such as antimicrobials and laxatives, with an established evidence base. This article also covers newer modalities of therapies, such as fecal microbiota transplant, probioti...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2020.01.005
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary liver cancer is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer mortality. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the United States encompassing a spectrum of entities marked by hepatic steatosis in the absence of significant alco...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2009.07.007
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although recent evidence indicates that the quasispecies nature of HCV constitutes a critical strategy for the virus to survive in the host, the mechanisms of viral persistence remain unknown. Similarly, the correlates of immune protection in a limited proportion of individuals who succeed in clearing HCV are still la...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70200-2
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bile acid synthetic defects are uncommon disorders that cause progressive cholestatic liver disease that is often lethal in infancy or early childhood. Five specific primary defects have been described. Diagnosis is based on mass spectrometry of urine and serum. Pathogenesis of liver injury is related to persistent re...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70144-6
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity has become increasingly prevalent, and the number of obese patients in need of liver transplant is expected to continue to increase. In addition, liver disease due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is expected to become the leading cause of liver transplantation in the near future. However, obesity remains a...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cld.2016.12.001
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatic changes resulting from the regular ingestion of alcohol are many and include fat infiltration, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Only 10% to 15% of chronic alcoholics develop liver disease. Women are more susceptible. An area of considerable importance is the high prevalence of concomitant infection with hep...
journal_title:Clinics in liver disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70099-4
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00