Abstract:
:The hematologic system performs a number of essential functions, including oxygen transport, the execution of the immune response against tumor cells and invading pathogens, and hemostasis (blood clotting). These roles are performed by erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets), respectively. Critically, circadian rhythms are evident in the function of all 3 cell types. In this review, we describe these oscillations, explore their mechanistic bases, and highlight their key implications. Since erythrocytes are anucleate, circadian rhythms in these cells testify to the existence of a nontranscriptional circadian clock. From a clinical perspective, leukocyte rhythms could underlie daily variation in the severity of allergic reactions, the symptoms of chronic inflammatory diseases, and the body's response to infection, while the rhythmic properties of thrombocytes may explain daily fluctuations in the incidence of heart attack and stroke. Consequently, the efficacy of treatments for these conditions is likely to depend on the timing of their administration. Last, we outline preliminary evidence that circadian disruption in the hematologic system could contribute to the deleterious effects of poor diet, shift work, and alcohol abuse on human health.
journal_name
J Biol Rhythmsjournal_title
Journal of biological rhythmsauthors
Pritchett D,Reddy ABdoi
10.1177/0748730415592729subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-10-01 00:00:00pages
374-88issue
5eissn
0748-7304issn
1552-4531pii
0748730415592729journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::How the cellular elements of the SCN are synchronized to each other is not well understood. We explore circadian oscillations manifest at the level of the cell, the tissue, and the whole animal to better understand intra-SCN synchrony and master clock function of the nucleus. At each level of analysis, responses to va...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0748730409344800
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several authors have suggested that the transcriptional regulatory protein c-Fos might be part of the mechanism for photic entrainment of the circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to environmental light:dark cycles. This hypothesis has been based on evidence gathered using single light pulses admini...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873049601100104
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent report that popliteal illumination shifted the circadian rhythms of body temperature and melatonin challenged the longstanding belief that light phase-shifting the circadian system in mammals is mediated only through the retina. The authors tested effects of popliteal illumination and illumination provided th...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873040001500307
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats anticipate a fixed daily feeding time by entrainment of a component of their multioscillatory circadian system. The range of stimuli capable of entraining this component is little studied. Previous studies suggest that restricted water access is not an effective entrainment stimulus, as measured by general locomo...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873049200700206
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An understanding of the retinal mechanisms in mammalian photoentrainment will greatly facilitate optimization of the wavelength, intensity, and duration of phototherapeutic treatments designed to phase shift endogenous biological rhythms. A small population of widely dispersed retinal ganglion cells projecting to the ...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0748730403018003005
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous research has demonstrated a clear link between late chronotype and depression. The vulnerability factors underpinning this link, however, are unclear. Here the relationship between two specific emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and chronotype was investigated usi...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730417709111
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives and maintains 24-h physiological rhythms, the phases of which are set by the local environmental light-dark cycle. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) communicates photic phase setting signals in the SCN by increasing neurophysiological activity of ...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730410396678
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Almost exclusively, photoperiodic insects respond to a given photoperiod in one of two ways: a "long-day" response or a "short-day" response. Intermediate responses occur only at a very restricted range of photoperiods (often less than 30 min) and are generally population phenomena rather than intermediate responses o...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873049300800104
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Siberian hamsters transferred from a long (16 h light/day [16 L]) to an intermediate (13.5 L) day length (DL) undergo testicular regression within 2 months followed approximately 2 months later by "spontaneous" testicular recrudescence. Recovery of gonadal function after prolonged exposure to intermediate DLs is thoug...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873002129002645
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The circadian rhythm of eclosion activity and its pacemaker were analyzed in a series of latitudinal races of Drosophila auraria ranging from 34.2 degrees to 42.9 degrees N in Japan. The phase of the rhythm (psi EL) to the daily photoperiod (PP) changes as daylength is increased, and the slope of psi EL (PP) changes w...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tau mutation in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) is phenotypically expressed in a period of the circadian rhythm of about 20 h in homozygotes (SS) and about 22 h in heterozygotes (S+). The authors investigate whether this well-defined model for variation in circadian period exhibits associated changes in ene...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873049701200503
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the advent of techniques to investigate gene expression on a large scale, numerous circadian rhythms in mRNA amount have been reported. These rhythms generally differ in amplitude and phase. The authors investigated how far a parameter not regulated by the circadian clock can influence the phase of a rhythm in R...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730408325753
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri) were transferred to a long photoperiod (LP; LD 16:8) or a short photoperiod (SP; LD 8:16) for 45 or 90 days on four dates corresponding to the beginnings of different reproductive phases in an annual testicular cycle, and testicular responsiveness was evaluated by compar...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873049200700102
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The circadian clock controls 24-h biological rhythms in our body, influencing many time-related activities such as sleep and wake. The simplest circadian clock is found in cyanobacteria, with the proteins KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC generating a self-sustained circadian oscillation of KaiC phosphorylation and dephosphorylati...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730419851655
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Past research has shown that there is a circadian oscillator in laboratory rats that is entrained by restricted feeding schedules. However, in laboratory rats at least, the light-dark (LD) cycle is the dominant zeitgeber in the entrainment of wheel-running activity rhythms. Given that dasyurid marsupials are predomina...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873048900400104
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The SCN has long had organizational schemas imposed on it. In most, the SCN is dichotomized, with one region typically associated with the presence of vasopressin cells and the other associated with cells containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and certain afferent terminal fields. If assumed to be accurate, the ...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0748730406296749
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aging alters numerous aspects of circadian biology, including the amplitude of rhythms generated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus, the site of the central circadian pacemaker in mammals, and the response of the pacemaker to environmental stimuli such as light. Although previous studies have desc...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730403251802
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many mammalian cell types show daily rhythms in gene expression driven by a circadian pacemaker. For example, cultured astrocytes display circadian rhythms in Period1 and Period2 expression. It is not known, however, how or which intercellular factors synchronize and sustain rhythmicity in astrocytes. Because astrocyt...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730409332042
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Testicular growth was monitored in male ferrets subjected to one of the following photoperiodic treatments begun at weaning (8 weeks of age): 8 hr light/day (short days), 18 hr light/day (long days), or short days followed by transition to long days at either 10, 12, or 14 weeks of age. Mean ages to achieve adult test...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873049000500301
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers emerge from the pupae with no circadian rhythms in behavior or brain clock gene expression but show strong rhythms later in life. This postembryonic development of circadian rhythms is reminiscent of that of infants of humans and other primates but contrasts with most insects, which ...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730412440851
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Casein kinase 1ε (CK1ε) performs key phosphorylation reactions in the circadian clock mechanism that determine period. We show that the central clock protein PERIOD2 (PER2) not only acts as a transcriptional repressor but also inhibits the autoinactivation of CK1ε, thereby promoting CK1ε activity. Moreover, PER2 recip...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730415582127
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine whether decreased day lengths affect reproduction or the immune system in inbred mice. Irrespective of a nocturnal pineal melatonin rise, the signal for day length information, body and testis weights were the same in various strains 8 weeks after transfer from long to short ...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873002129002348
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An outstanding unresolved issue in chronobiology is how the level of locomotor activity influences length of the free-running, endogenous circadian period (tau). To address this issue, the authors studied a novel model, 4 replicate lines of laboratory house mice (Mus domesticus) that had been selectively bred for high...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730403256998
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In our attempts to understand the circadian system, we unavoidably rely on abstractions. Instead of describing the behavior of the circadian system in all its complexity, we try to derive basic features from which we form a global concept on how the system works. Such a basic concept is a model of reality. The author ...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0748730405277388
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the intergeniculate leaflet of the thalamus (IGL) in photoperiod responsiveness was examined in a laboratory-selected line of photoperiod nonresponsive (NR) Siberian hamsters. NR hamsters fail to exhibit typical winter-type responses (i.e., gonadal regression and development of winter-type pelage) when exp...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730406287996
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various aspects of mammalian endocrine physiology show a time-of-day variation with a period of 24 h, which represents an adaptation to the daily environmental fluctuations resulting from the rotation of the earth. These 24-h rhythms in hormone abundance and consequently hormone function may rely on rhythmic signals p...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0748730415580881
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although pineal "synaptic" ribbons (SR) are frequently examined by means of quantitative electron microscopy, their functional significance remains unclear. The same is true for related structures--"synaptic" spherules (SPH). In the course of such studies, it has been noted that SR counts may differ from laboratory to...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873048800300103
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous studies have used the classic van der Pol oscillator, which contains a cubic nonlinearity, to model the effect of light on the human circadian pacemaker. Jewett and Kronauer demonstrated that Aschoff's rule could be incorporated into van der Pol type models and used a van der Pol type oscillator with higher o...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873099129000867
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Temperature compensation of circadian rhythms in neuronal firing rate was investigated in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of ground squirrels and rats in vitro. A reduction in SCN temperature from 37 to 25 degrees C reduced peak firing rates by > 70% in rats but only by approximately 21% in squirrels; trough firing ...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873049601100205
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most cyclic biological processes are under control of a circadian molecular timing system that synchronizes these phenomena to the 24-h day. One generic property of circadian-controlled processes is that they operate within a specific temperature range, below which the manifestation of rhythm ceases. Little is known a...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730414537801
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00