Abstract：
:An understanding of the retinal mechanisms in mammalian photoentrainment will greatly facilitate optimization of the wavelength, intensity, and duration of phototherapeutic treatments designed to phase shift endogenous biological rhythms. A small population of widely dispersed retinal ganglion cells projecting to the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus is the source of the critical photic input. Recent evidence has shown that many of these ganglion cells are directly photosensitive and serve as photoreceptors. Melanopsin, a presumptive photopigment, is an essential component in the phototransduction cascade within these intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cells and plays an important role in the retinal photoentrainment pathway. This review summarizes recent findings related to melanopsin and melanopsin ganglion cells and lists other retinal proteins that might serve as photopigments in the mammalian photoentrainment input pathway.
journal_name
J Biol Rhythmsjournal_title
Journal of biological rhythmsauthors
Rollag MD,Berson DM,Provencio Idoi
10.1177/0748730403018003005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-06-01 00:00:00pages
227-34issue
3eissn
0748-7304issn
1552-4531journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Surgical isolation of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) within a hypothalamic island is reported to produce loss of circadian rhythmicity. The results have been interpreted to indicate that SCN efferents are necessary for the expression of circadian rhythms. It is not clear, however, whether the loss of circadian rhyth...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873049100600201
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mice homozygous for a dominant-negative allele of the Clock gene (Clock (Δ19/Δ19)) have slightly but significantly decreased male fertility. The molecular mechanism for this reduction in fertility is unknown. In the present study, we used a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) strategy to specifically knock down the Clock gene e...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730413486873
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several authors have suggested that the transcriptional regulatory protein c-Fos might be part of the mechanism for photic entrainment of the circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to environmental light:dark cycles. This hypothesis has been based on evidence gathered using single light pulses admini...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873049601100104
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:How the cellular elements of the SCN are synchronized to each other is not well understood. We explore circadian oscillations manifest at the level of the cell, the tissue, and the whole animal to better understand intra-SCN synchrony and master clock function of the nucleus. At each level of analysis, responses to va...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/0748730409344800
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pineal organ of the lizard Anolis carolinensis acts as a transducer of photoperiodic information, since light can affect the pineal melatonin rhythm (PMR). The synthesis and secretion of melatonin may be a major mechanism whereby a circadian pacemaker within the pineal can control circadian clocks located elsewher...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873048700200303
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examine theoretical models for circadian oscillations based on transcriptional regulation in Drosophila and Neurospora. For Drosophila, the molecular model is based on the negative feedback exerted on the expression of the per and tim genes by the complex formed between the PER and TIM proteins. For Neurospora, sim...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/074873099129000948
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The classical power spectrum, computed in the frequency domain, outranks traditionally used periodograms derived in the time domain (such as the chi2 periodogram) regarding the search for biological rhythms. Unfortunately, classical power spectral analysis is not possible with unequally spaced data (e.g., time series ...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873099129000984
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The endogenous circadian rhythm of melatonin in humans provides information regarding the resetting response of the human circadian timing system to changes in the light-dark (LD) cycle. Alterations in the LD cycle have both acute and chronic effects on the observed melatonin rhythm. Investigations to date have firmly...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/074873049701200610
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Temperature compensation and period determination by casein kinase 1 (CK1) are conserved features of eukaryotic circadian rhythms, whereas the clock gene transcription factors that facilitate daily gene expression rhythms differ between phylogenetic kingdoms. Human red blood cells (RBCs) exhibit temperature-compensate...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730419836370
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two major approaches have been used to model circadian clocks. Qualitative modeling, used prior to the recent wealth of detailed molecular knowledge, makes general predictions but cannot provide detailed mechanistic insights. The more recent biophysical approach, on the other hand, incorporates the biochemical events ...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/0748730407301823
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reduced sensitivity to short-wavelength (blue) light with age has been shown for light-induced melatonin suppression. The current research aimed to determine if a similar age-related reduction occurs in subjective alertness, mood, and circadian phase-advancing responses. Young (n = 11, 23.0 +/- 2.9 years) and older (n...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730408328973
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:On the southern Iberian Peninsula, the seasonal life history of the large white butterfly, Pieris brassicae, comprises 2 different photoperiodically induced developmental arrests: a hibernation diapause at photophases < 11 h and an estivation diapause at photophases > 14 h. At intermediate photophases (12 h to 13 h), ...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730404270388
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors sought to investigate the role of phytochromes A and B (phyA and phyB) and cryptochromes 1 and 2 (cryl and cry2) in the synchronization of the leaf position rhythm in Arabidopsis thaliana. The seedlings were transferred from white light-dark cycles to free-running conditions with or without exposure to a l...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873001129002213
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In vertebrates, reproductive output often increases with age. Unlike older birds, first-year photoperiodic birds lack experience with the reproductively stimulatory effects of long day lengths (photostimulation). We examined whether age-related differences in annual reproductive development could be partially attribut...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730412468087
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A role for nitric oxide in circadian responses to light has been indicated in previous studies. To determine the specific function of NO-, the authors manipulated NO- and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity prior to light pulses that would normally induce phase shifts. The NOS inhibitor, L-NAME, selectively attenuate...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873049701200404
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 24-h treatment with the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) suppresses transcription of E-box-driven clock genes (D-site albumin promoter binding protein, Dbp; Tyrotroph embryonic factor, Tef ; Hepatic leukemia factor, Hlf; Period homolog to Drosophila 1/2/3, Per1, Per2, and Per3) by yet unknown molecul...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730409336579
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activity patterns are the product of interactions between an internal circadian clock and direct responses to photic and nonphotic features of the environment that are said to "mask" the influence of that clock. Evolutionary transitions between nocturnality and diurnality involve changes in mechanisms underlying both ...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730409351672
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Social jetlag represents the discrepancy between circadian and social clocks, which is measured as the difference in hours in midpoint of sleep between work days and free days. Previous studies have shown social jetlag to be associated with body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin levels, heart rate, depressive symp...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730414550199
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drosophila littoralis is a latitudinally widespread European species of the Drosophila virilis group. The species has ample genetic variation in photoperiodism (adult diapause) and circadian rhythmicity (pupal eclosion rhythm), with adaptive latitudinal clines in both of them. The possible common genetic basis between...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730405283418
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While the rapid development of personal computers and high-throughput recording systems for circadian rhythms allow chronobiologists to produce huge amounts of data, the software to analyze them often lags behind. Here, we announce newly developed chronobiology software that is easy to use, compatible with many differ...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.1177/0748730411414264
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of the intergeniculate leaflet of the thalamus (IGL) in photoperiod responsiveness was examined in a laboratory-selected line of photoperiod nonresponsive (NR) Siberian hamsters. NR hamsters fail to exhibit typical winter-type responses (i.e., gonadal regression and development of winter-type pelage) when exp...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730406287996
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers emerge from the pupae with no circadian rhythms in behavior or brain clock gene expression but show strong rhythms later in life. This postembryonic development of circadian rhythms is reminiscent of that of infants of humans and other primates but contrasts with most insects, which ...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730412440851
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Siberian hamsters are photoperiodic seasonally breeding rodents. To date, there has been no evidence that Siberian hamsters exhibit an annual rhythm in reproductive, thermoregulatory, molt, or body mass changes. However, given that the termination of their winter cycle is under endogenous control, the authors thought ...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873040001500206
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ground squirrels, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus, were kept in a 12:12 h light-dark cycle. As expected for a diurnal species, their locomotor activity occurred almost entirely in the daytime. Expression of mPer1 and mPer2 in the suprachiasmatic nucleus was studied at six time points by in situ hybridization. For both t...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873001129002141
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives circadian rhythms in locomotion through coupled, single-cell oscillations. Global genetic deletion of the neuropeptide Vip or its receptor Vipr2 results in profound deficits in daily synchrony among SCN cells and daily rhythms in locomotor behavior and glucocorticoid secretion....
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730420932073
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The temporal expression pattern of the circadian clock gene period was compared between heads of the linden bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus , kept under diapause-promoting short days (SD) and diapause-preventing long days (LD) using a real-time PCR quantification. Diapause or reproduction was programmed by photoperiod during...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730407303624
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In isolated slices of hypothalamus, suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neurons were recorded intracellularly. Blockade of Ca++ channels increased spike duration, eliminating an early component of the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that followed evoked spikes. The duration and reversal potential of AHPs were, however, unaffec...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873049000500106
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A single light episode during the first larval stage can set the phase of adult Drosophila activity rhythms, showing that a light-sensitive circadian clock is functional in larvae and is capable of keeping time throughout development. These behavioral data are supported by the finding that neurons expressing clock pro...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730403260621
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The circadian timing system has three principal elements: the retina, the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) of the thalamus, and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Since the human circadian timing system cannot be studied experimentally, we have used another primate, the macaque monkey, to help provide insight into the or...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Perhaps the most observable of the many circadian oscillations that have been described in both vertebrate and invertebrate animals is the daily alterations in periods of rest and activity. Recent studies in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster suggest that these periods of inactivity are not simply rest but share ma...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/0748730402239672
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
