Abstract:
:More scheduled outdoor stay is increasingly advocated for school children. This study measured 2(nd) , 5(th) and 8(th) graders' erythemal UV-exposure in September, March and May at four Swedish schools. We related those exposures, as fractions of total available ambient radiation, to the schools outdoor environments differing in amount of shade, vegetation, and peripheral city-scape quantified as percentage of free sky view calculated from fish-eye photographs. Exposures correlated with the sky views (with exceptions in May) and were suberythemal. The exposures were also below the threshold limit of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) for hazard evaluation of UVR but were potentially enough for adequate vitamin D formation according to a cited model calculation - as illustrated in the results and discussed. The school environments, typical in southern and middle Sweden, offer enough shade to protect children from overexposure during seasons with potentially harmful solar UV radiation. Pupils' outdoor stay may be extended during September and March. In May extended outdoor stay of the youngest pupils requires a more UVR-protective environment.
journal_name
Photochem Photobioljournal_title
Photochemistry and photobiologyauthors
Pagels P,Wester U,Söderström M,Lindelöf B,Boldemann Cdoi
10.1111/php.12540subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
201-7issue
1eissn
0031-8655issn
1751-1097journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Light signals trigger precise changes in gene expression networks that activate distinctive developmental programs in plants. The transcriptome is shaped at different stages, both by the regulation of gene expression and also by posttranscriptional mechanisms that alter the sequence or abundance of the transcripts gen...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/php.12762
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We calculated the integrated UVB and plant damage irradiances for Argentina, a country in the Southern Hemisphere spread over a large latitudinal range. The irradiances were calculated for clear sky days using the Madronich code for the average conditions of the months corresponding to the summer and winter solstices ...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the photoreaction cycle of photoactive yellow protein (PYP), a physiologically active intermediate (PYP(M)) is formed as a consequence of global protein conformational change. Previous studies have demonstrated that the photocycle of PYP is regulated by the N-terminal loop region, which is located across the ce...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00375.x
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteases like urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) play an important role in tumor invasion. Cells derived from ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced corneal sarcomas of Monodelphis domestica produce relatively high levels of uPA compared to the untransformed keratocytes suggesting a mechanism for their invasiven...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2001)073<0318:uaicfm>2.0.co;2
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::After 50 years of studies on photobiomodulation (PBM), there is still so much to investigate to understand the laser light-nonplant cells interactions. The current scientific knowledge allows to say that the phenomena induced by PBM are based on cellular pathways that are the key points of cell life. The mitochondria ...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/php.13032
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the factors that affect the virucidal activity of methylene blue (MB) photosensitization. The M13 bacteriophage was more rapidly inactivated at higher temperatures (6 degrees C < 24 degrees C < 38 degrees C). Rate constants for inactivation were 0.072, 0.139 and 0.260 (log10 inactivation)/ (J/cm2)...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb01937.x
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to gain insight into the preactivation of merocyanine 540 (MC540) 1 for the photodynamic therapy (Gulliya et al., 1990a, Photochem. Photobiol. 52, 831-838) its photo-oxidation was investigated. After irradiation of MC540 1 on a preparative scale three main photodegradation products were isolated with 16-20% y...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb02157.x
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Under continuous photolysis at 675 nm, liposomal zinc phthalocyanine associated with nitrosyl ruthenium complex [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO](3+) showed the detection and quantification of nitric oxide (NO) and singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) release. Photophysical and photochemical results demonstrated that the interaction between th...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00481.x
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficiency of ruthenium complexes for photosensitizing DNA damage depends on the oxidizing character of their ligands. Here we report on the difference in behavior of tris(2.2'-bipyrazyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru[bpz]3(2+)), tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru[bipy]3(2+)) and cis-dichlorobis (2,2'-bipyrazyl)ruthenium(II...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb01906.x
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper studies the dye-sensitized photooxidation of tyrosine (tyr) and tyr di- and tripeptides (tyr-tyr and tyr-tyr-tyr) mediated by singlet molecular oxygen (O2[1 delta g]) in alkaline media. Photooxidation quantum efficiencies (phi r) were obtained by determining the overall and reactive rate constants of intera...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel Cs0.33 WO3 /LDHs (CWLDH) composite was synthesized by simple two steps solvothermal method and first investigated as the photocatalyst for tetracycline (TC) and Congo red (CR) degradation under visible light irradiation. The CWLDH heterostructures catalysts were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis, SEM, XPS and BET. ...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/php.12838
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The psaI and psaL genes were characterized from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. The gene organization was different from that reported for other cyanobacteria with psaI occurring upstream and being divergently transcribed from the psaL gene. Mutants lacking PsaI or PsaL were generated by interpos...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb02421.x
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photoautotrophic growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was shown to be independent of the presence of atmospheric oxygen. Under constant light and photoautotrophic conditions, C. reinhardtii grew equally well in either air or 367 PPM CO2-in-He. During 12-h light-dark cycles, the cells in air grew substantially faster th...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1990.tb01803.x
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The assessment model for ultraviolet radiation and risk "AMOUR" is applied to output from two chemistry-climate models (CCMs). Results from the UK Chemistry and Aerosols CCM are used to quantify the worldwide skin cancer risk avoided by the Montreal Protocol and its amendments: by the year 2030, two million cases of s...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01223.x
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The maximum erythemal dose rate (EDRmax ) at the Earth's surface tends to occur at local noon. However, clouds can make the timing of EDRmax significantly away from local noon. In fact, EDRmax and its time of occurrence depend mainly on the solar zenith angle at noon (SZAn ), site's altitude, the total ozone column (T...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/php.13054
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present an in vivo study of the optical properties of melanin present in melanocytic nevi of human subjects with Fitzpatrick skin type III (Caucasian descent) using optical spectroscopy. We show that the melanin absorption spectrum exhibits an exponential dependence on wavelength with a decay constant which follows...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00436.x
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differences between global radiation UVER (erythemal ultraviolet solar radiation) received under full sun and diffuse radiation received under the shadow of two types of tree are analyzed to check the importance of these components on human exposure to UV radiation. Blue Line spores dosimeters of VioSpor were used for...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/php.12020
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The significance of human cutaneous pigmentation lies in its protective role against sun-induced DNA damage and photocarcinogenesis. Fair skin and red hair are characterized by a low eumelanin to pheomelanin ratio, and have been associated with increased risk of skin cancer. Cutaneous pigmentation is a complex genetic...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00970.x
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The protein environments surrounding the retinal tune electronic absorption maximum from 350 to 630 nm. Hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methods can be used in calculating excitation energies of retinal in its native protein environments and in studying the molecular basis of spectral tuning. We ...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00308.x
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seafarers working on decks of vessels at low latitudes are exposed to extremely high solar UV radiation. Their risk of developing skin cancer may be enhanced. Solar erythemal UV irradiance and exposure were measured for the first time on merchant vessels going along typical international routes at low latitudes. The m...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/php.12144
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major difficulty in photodynamic therapy is the poor solubility of the photosensitizer (PS) under physiological conditions which correlates with low bioavailability. PS aggregation leads to a decrease in the photodynamic efficiency and a more limited activity in vitro and in vivo. To improve the aqueous solubility a...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01229.x
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The exposure of outdoor car guards to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), the majority with deeply pigmented skin, to solar UVR was measured for five consecutive days during early spring (September 2017) in South Africa using electronic UVR dosimeters attached to the upper arm of each participant. The exposure of the n...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/php.13008
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) is the most important cytotoxic agent in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The feasibility of using a chemiluminescence (CL) probe, 3,7-dihydro-6-[4-(2-(N'-(5-fluoresceinyl)thioureido)ethoxy)phenyl]-2-methylimidazo{1,2-a}pyrazin-3-one sodium salt (fluoresceinyl Cypridina luciferin analog, FCLA), to ...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1562/2005-05-20-RA-536
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blue visible light damage to retinal pigment epithelial cells occurs through a photooxidative mechanism and the resultant damage is hypothesized to induce or exacerbate age-related macular degeneration. The purpose of the present study was to identify changes in the cell growth and the expression of hepatocyte growth ...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1562/2006-04-19-RA-880
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure of cultured MRC5 human fibroblasts or NCTC 2544 human keratinocytes to mild doses of ultraviolet A (UVA: 320-400 nm) radiations markedly decreased the actin reactivity with fluorescein-labeled phalloidin. This indicates a change in the degree of polymerization of actin and thus in the organization of actin fi...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1994.tb05000.x
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the maturation of red wines, the anthocyanins of grapes are transformed into pyranoanthocyanins, which possess a pyranoflavylium cation as their basic chromophore. Photophysical properties of the singlet and triplet excited states of a series of synthetic pyranoflavylium cations were determined at room temperat...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/php.12973
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A noninvasive in situ fluorescence-based method for the quantification of the photosensitizer chloroaluminum disulfonated phthalocyanine was compared to the highly accurate but nonreal time ex vivo spectrofluorometry method. Our in vivo fluorescence technique is designed to allow real-time assessment of photosensitize...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0453:copaqt>2.0.co;2
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nature of the interaction in buffered aqueous solution of several homo and heteroleptic ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes containing 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), 2,2'-bipyrazine (bpz), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dip), 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (tmp), 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphe...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1990.tb01787.x
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phototoxic anti-hyperlipoproteinemic drug fenofibrate was found to be photolabile under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Irradiation under argon of a methanol solution of this drug produced the photoproducts isopropyl 4-(1-[4-chlorophenyl]-1,2-dihydroxy)ethylphenoxyisobutyrate, 1,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2bis (4-[...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1993.tb04917.x
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ciliate Stentor coeruleus exhibits photodispersal, that is, these cells swim away from light sources and collect in dimly lighted areas. We imaged and reconstructed the tracks of 48 Stentor to determine which swimming behaviors produced their photodispersal. We observed that their photodispersal is not due to a ch...
journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2004)080<0401:BPPISC>2.0.CO;2
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00