Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and Sun Protection Behaviors and Knowledge Among a High-Risk and Overlooked Group of Outdoor Workers in South Africa.

Abstract:

:The exposure of outdoor car guards to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), the majority with deeply pigmented skin, to solar UVR was measured for five consecutive days during early spring (September 2017) in South Africa using electronic UVR dosimeters attached to the upper arm of each participant. The exposure of the nape of the neck, forehead, nose, cheek and hand was extrapolated from the measurements. The onsite ambient solar UVR on a flat, horizontal, unshaded surface was measured concurrently. The sun-related knowledge, behavior and attitudes of the car guards were evaluated using questionnaires. Total personal daily solar UVR exposure as a percentage of the ambient solar UVR exposure was 24%. The exposure of car guards on several body sites was in excess of the occupational threshold limit value. Sleeved shirts and hats were the most commonly used sun protection measures (worn by 70% and 80%, respectively). Considering the high levels of solar UVR reported on most days throughout the year in South Africa, more studies quantifying the personal exposure of outdoor workers in both the informal and formal sectors are necessary.

journal_name

Photochem Photobiol

authors

Nkogatse MM,Ramotsehoa MC,Eloff FC,Wright CY

doi

10.1111/php.13008

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-01-01 00:00:00

pages

439-445

issue

1

eissn

0031-8655

issn

1751-1097

journal_volume

95

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Optical properties of human melanocytic nevi in vivo.

    abstract::We present an in vivo study of the optical properties of melanin present in melanocytic nevi of human subjects with Fitzpatrick skin type III (Caucasian descent) using optical spectroscopy. We show that the melanin absorption spectrum exhibits an exponential dependence on wavelength with a decay constant which follows...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00436.x

    authors: Zonios G,Dimou A

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Isolation and characteristics of the PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex under high light.

    abstract::We developed a novel method for the isolation of the PSI-LHCI-LHCII complex from spinach leaves. The supercomplex was resolved into a core complex (CPI), LHCII trimers, LHCI dimers and LHCII monomers using green gel electrophoresis. We then investigate changes in the fluorescence and absorption spectra of PSI-LHCI-LHC...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00830.x

    authors: Qin X,Wang W,Wang K,Xin Y,Kuang T

    更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00

  • Two genes contribute to different extents to the heme oxygenase enzyme activity measured in cultured human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes: implications for protection against oxidant stress.

    abstract::Activation of expression of the heme oxygenase (HO) gene appears to be involved in a cellular defense system in mammalian cells. We now demonstrate that while HO-1 mRNA levels are strongly inducible in dermal fibroblasts they are barely inducible in human epidermal keratinocytes following oxidative stress (UVA radiati...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb03973.x

    authors: Applegate LA,Noël A,Vile G,Frenk E,Tyrrell RM

    更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00

  • Supramolecular cationic tetraruthenated porphyrin induces single-strand breaks and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine formation in DNA in the presence of light.

    abstract::The aim of this investigation is the evaluation of DNA interaction of with tetraruthenated porphyrin (TRP) and of DNA damage in the presence of light. Direct-fluorescence and electronic absorption measurements after incubation of DNA with TRP indicate strong binding between pBR322 DNA or calf thymus DNA with the modif...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb03024.x

    authors: Onuki J,Ribas AV,Medeiros MH,Araki K,Toma HE,Catalani LH,Di Mascio P

    更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00

  • Urokinase activity in corneal fibroblasts may be modulated by DNA damage and secreted proteins.

    abstract::Proteases like urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) play an important role in tumor invasion. Cells derived from ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced corneal sarcomas of Monodelphis domestica produce relatively high levels of uPA compared to the untransformed keratocytes suggesting a mechanism for their invasiven...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2001)073<0318:uaicfm>2.0.co;2

    authors: Green WB,McGuire PG,Miska KB,Kusewitt DF

    更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00

  • Depth measurements and histopathological characterization of photodynamic therapy generated normal brain necrosis as a function of incident optical energy dose.

    abstract::The response of normal brain to photodynamic therapy (PDT) was investigated in 62 Fisher rats. The animals were injected i.p. with Photofrin II (12.5 mg/kg). Forty-eight hours following injection, an area of dura 5 mm in diameter over the frontal cortex was photoactivated with red light (632 +/- 2 nm) at 100 mW cm-2, ...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb01992.x

    authors: Dereski MO,Chopp M,Garcia JH,Hetzel FW

    更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00

  • Molecular changes during the photooxidation of alpha-crystallin in the presence of uroporphyrin.

    abstract::Singlet oxygen reacts preferentially with three amino acids in proteins, His, Trp and Met. In order to study the specific molecular events that result from such oxidations, calf alpha-crystallin was photooxidized in the presence of uroporphyrin and the reactions were investigated by high performance liquid chromatogra...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1993.tb02330.x

    authors: Dillon J,Chiesa R,Wang RH,McDermott M

    更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00

  • Study of singlet oxygen equilibrium in dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride vesicles employing 2-(n-(N,N,N-trimethylamine)-n-alkyl)-5-alkylfuryl halides.

    abstract::Steady state photolysis and time resolved near infrared luminescence detection were employed to study the reaction kinetics of singlet oxygen with three different lipid-soluble probes incorporated in large unilamellar dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride (DODAC) vesicles. The probes: 2-(4-(N,N,N-trimethylamine)-butyl)...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1562/2006-08-01-RA-991

    authors: Zanocco AL,Meléndrez M,Günther G,Lemp E

    更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00

  • Membrane damage efficiency of phenothiazinium photosensitizers.

    abstract::Structure-activity relationships have been widely reported for porphyrin and phthalocyanine photosensitizers, but not for phenothiazinium derivatives. Here, four phenothiazinium salts (methylene blue, toluidine blue O, 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue and the pentacyclic derivative DO15) were used to investigate how the ab...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/php.12264

    authors: Bacellar IO,Pavani C,Sales EM,Itri R,Wainwright M,Baptista MS

    更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00

  • Characterization of the Blue-Light-Activated Adenylyl Cyclase mPAC by Flash Photolysis and FTIR Spectroscopy.

    abstract::The recently discovered photo-activated adenylyl cyclase (mPAC from Microcoleus chthonoplastes) is the first PAC that owes a light-, oxygen- and voltage-sensitive (LOV) domain for blue-light sensing. The photoreaction of the mPAC receptor was studied by time-resolved UV/vis and light-induced Fourier transform infrared...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/php.12746

    authors: Kerruth S,Langner P,Raffelberg S,Gärtner W,Heberle J

    更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00

  • Polyphenolic antioxidant (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea reduces UVB-induced inflammatory responses and infiltration of leukocytes in human skin.

    abstract::Identification of natural products capable of affording protection against UVB radiation-induced inflammatory responses and generation of oxidative stress may have important human health implications. The UVB exposure-induced skin injury and oxidative stress has been associated with a variety of skin disease condition...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Katiyar SK,Matsui MS,Elmets CA,Mukhtar H

    更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00

  • The photochemistry of the retinoids as studied by steady-state and pulsed methods.

    abstract::The retina and retinal pigment epithelium contain a number of retinoids in a metabolic pathway that eventually forms the visual pigments. This study investigates the photochemistry of those retinoids that may contribute to light-induced damage to the retina. These include retinal (RAL), retinol (ROL), retinylpalmitate...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb05673.x

    authors: Dillon J,Gaillard ER,Bilski P,Chignell CF,Reszka KJ

    更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00

  • Estimating the Diurnal Cycle and Daily Insolation of Ultraviolet and Photosynthetically Active Radiation at the Sea Surface.

    abstract::Accurate determination of the diurnal variability and daily insolation of surface (0(+) ) and subsurface (0(-) ) irradiance are essential to estimate several physical, chemical and biological processes occurring at the surface layer of marine environments. Natural downwelling PAR and spectral UVR were examined on eigh...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/php.12474

    authors: Kuwahara VS,Taguchi S

    更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00

  • Sensitized photooxidation of Di- and tripeptides of tyrosine.

    abstract::This paper studies the dye-sensitized photooxidation of tyrosine (tyr) and tyr di- and tripeptides (tyr-tyr and tyr-tyr-tyr) mediated by singlet molecular oxygen (O2[1 delta g]) in alkaline media. Photooxidation quantum efficiencies (phi r) were obtained by determining the overall and reactive rate constants of intera...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Criado S,Soltermann AT,Marioli JM,García NA

    更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00

  • Photochemical and Photodynamical Properties of Sulfur-Substituted Nucleic Acid Bases.

    abstract::Sulfur-substituted nucleobases (a.k.a., thiobases) are among the world's leading prescriptions for chemotherapy and immunosuppression. Long-term treatment with azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine has been correlated with the photoinduced formation of carcinomas. Establishing an in-depth understanding of t...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/php.12975

    authors: Ashwood B,Pollum M,Crespo-Hernández CE

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Light reflected from red mulch to ripening strawberries affects aroma, sugar and organic acid concentrations.

    abstract::Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) fruit size and flavor are important to both growers and consumers. Plastic mulches are frequently used in raised-bed culture to conserve water, control weeds with less herbicides, keep fruit clean and produce ripe berries earlier in the season. The most commonly used plastic mulch color ...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Kasperbauer MJ,Loughrin JH,Wang SY

    更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00

  • The Anthocyanins, Oenin and Callistephin, Protect RPE Cells Against Oxidative Stress.

    abstract::The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a highly metabolic layer of postmitotic cells lining Bruch's membrane in the retina. While these cells contain endogenous photosensitizers that mediate blue light-induced damage, it has also been shown that blue light exposure damages mitochondrial DNA in RPE cells resulting in ...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/php.12683

    authors: Yacout SM,Gaillard ER

    更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00

  • Luciferin-Regenerating Enzyme Mediates Firefly Luciferase Activation Through Direct Effects of D-Cysteine on Luciferase Structure and Activity.

    abstract::Luciferin-regenerating enzyme (LRE) contributes to in vitro recycling of D-luciferin. In this study, reinvestigation of the luciferase-based LRE assay is reported. Here, using quick change site-directed mutagenesis seven T-LRE (Lampyris turkestanicusLRE) mutants were constructed and the most functional mutant of T-LRE...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/php.12430

    authors: Hemmati R,Hosseinkhani S,Sajedi RH,Azad T,Tashakor A,Bakhtiari N,Ataei F

    更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of photosensitizer (AIPcS2) quantification techniques: in situ fluorescence microsampling versus tissue chemical extraction.

    abstract::A noninvasive in situ fluorescence-based method for the quantification of the photosensitizer chloroaluminum disulfonated phthalocyanine was compared to the highly accurate but nonreal time ex vivo spectrofluorometry method. Our in vivo fluorescence technique is designed to allow real-time assessment of photosensitize...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0453:copaqt>2.0.co;2

    authors: Lee CC,Pouge BW,Strawbridge RR,Moodie KL,Bartholomew LR,Burke GC,Hoopes PJ

    更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00

  • Cyanine Modification Tuned for Amine Photorelease.

    abstract::Cyanines are emerging as useful agents for photoreleasing biological compounds because of their capability of utilizing near-infrared (NIR) light. Another benefit is their ability to self-sensitize to produce singlet oxygen for the release of aryl amines, a process that has not been as feasible in the past. Here, we h...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 评论,杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/php.13102

    authors: Mathew JP,Greer A

    更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00

  • Mutagenesis mediated by triple helix-forming oligonucleotides conjugated to psoralen: effects of linker arm length and sequence context.

    abstract::Targeted mutagenesis and gene knock-out can be mediated by triple helix-forming oligonucleotides (TFO) linked to mutagenic agents, such as psoralen. However, this strategy is limited by the availability of homopurine/homopyrimidine stretches at or near the target site because such sequences are required for high-affin...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Raha M,Lacroix L,Glazer PM

    更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of methylene blue and methylene violet for photoinactivation of intracellular and extracellular virus in red cell suspensions.

    abstract::Previous studies with methylene blue (MB) in red cell suspensions have demonstrated that extracellular, but not intracellular, virus can be readily photoinactivated. To test if the resistance of intracellular virus to inactivation is related to the permanent positive charge of the phenothiazine, a series of uncharged ...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb08588.x

    authors: Skripchenko A,Robinette D,Wagner SJ

    更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00

  • Quantum yields and kinetics of the firefly bioluminescence reaction of beetle luciferases.

    abstract::Quantum yields of firefly bioluminescence reactions were determined for beetle luciferases from the three main families of luminous beetles emitting different bioluminescence colors. Quantum yield (QY) was significantly correlated with luminescence spectrum. The green light-emitting luciferase of the Brazilian click b...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00777.x

    authors: Niwa K,Ichino Y,Kumata S,Nakajima Y,Hiraishi Y,Kato D,Viviani VR,Ohmiya Y

    更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00

  • Photochemistry of DNA using 193 nm excimer laser radiation.

    abstract::Photoproducts in double-stranded DNA induced by 193 nm radiation have been investigated. Double-stranded, supercoiled pBR322 DNA in buffered aqueous solution was exposed to varying fluences of 193 nm radiation from an ArF excimer laser. The quantum yields for formation of cyclobutylpyrimidine dimers, frank strand brea...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1990.tb01961.x

    authors: Kochevar IE,Buckley LA

    更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00

  • Targeting of phototoxic drugs to antigen-specific T lymphocytes in vitro using antigen-presenting cell membranes.

    abstract::We have used the complex of antigen with class II major histocompatibility proteins (Ia) in membrane-bound form to target a phototoxic compound to antigen-specific T cell hybridomas in vitro. The iodoacetamidyl ester of phototoxic pyrene was bound covalently to antigen-presenting cells (APC), and protein antigens were...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb02352.x

    authors: Chang NH,Rayner DC,Boggs JM

    更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of oxygen on photoautotrophic and heterotrophic growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in an anoxic atmosphere.

    abstract::Photoautotrophic growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was shown to be independent of the presence of atmospheric oxygen. Under constant light and photoautotrophic conditions, C. reinhardtii grew equally well in either air or 367 PPM CO2-in-He. During 12-h light-dark cycles, the cells in air grew substantially faster th...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1990.tb01803.x

    authors: Graves DA,Spradlin GM,Greenbaum E

    更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00

  • Enhancement of fluoresceinyl cypridina luciferin analog chemiluminescence by human serum albumin for singlet oxygen detection.

    abstract::Fluoresceinyl cypridina luciferin analog (FCLA) is a chemiluminescence (CL) probe for detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS). Its efficiency for detecting singlet oxygen (1O2) can be significantly enhanced in the presence of human serum albumin (HSA). This phenomenon may apply to important applications for both resea...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1562/2005-12-02-ra-744

    authors: Zhou J,Xing D,Chen Q

    更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00

  • Molecular mechanism of drug photosensitization. 7. Photocleavage of DNA sensitized by suprofen.

    abstract::Ultraviolet-A irradiation of a suprofen (2-[4-2(2-thenoyl) phenyl]propionic acid) (SPF) buffered solution (pH 7.4) in the presence of supercoiled pBR322 DNA leads to single strand breaks with the formation of an open circular form and subsequent linearization of the plasmid. On the basis of agarose gel electrophoresis...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb05252.x

    authors: Condorelli G,Constanzo LL,De Guidi G,Giuffrida S,Sortino S

    更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00

  • Thermal effectiveness of different IR radiators employed in rheumatoid hand therapy as assessed by thermovisual examination.

    abstract::We conducted a thermovisual comparison of mean hand surface temperature changes upon local heating with two different IR sources. Sixty-six patients with rheumatoid arthritis (47 women and 19 men; average age, 56.1 ± 8.6 years) were subjected to topical heat therapy for one hand with either the standard IR radiator (S...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00975.x

    authors: Rutkowski R,Straburzyńska-Lupa A,Korman P,Romanowski W,Gizińska M

    更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of netropsin on one-electron oxidation of duplex DNA.

    abstract::The effect of netropsin on the oxidative reactions of duplex DNA was examined. One-electron oxidation of DNA creates a radical cation that migrates through duplex DNA and reacts primarily at GG steps. Netropsin is a dication that specifically binds primarily by hydrogen bonding in the minor groove at sites that have f...

    journal_title:Photochemistry and photobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2004)080<0456:EONOOO>2.0.CO;2

    authors: Roberts LW,Schuster GB

    更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00