Abstract：
:Family, twin and adoption studies demonstrate clearly that alcohol dependence and alcohol use disorders are phenotypically complex and heritable. The heritability of alcohol use disorders is estimated at approximately 50-60% of the total phenotypic variability. Vulnerability to alcohol use disorders can be due to multiple genetic or environmental factors or their interaction which gives rise to extensive and daunting heterogeneity. This heterogeneity makes it a significant challenge in mapping and identifying the specific genes that influence alcohol use disorders. Genetic linkage and (candidate gene) association studies have been used now for decades to map and characterize genomic loci and genes that underlie the genetic vulnerability to alcohol use disorders. These approaches have been moderately successful in identifying several genes that contribute to the complexity of alcohol use disorders. Recently, genome-wide association studies have become one of the major tools for identifying genes for alcohol use disorders by examining correlations between millions of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms with diagnosis status. Genome-wide association studies are just beginning to uncover novel biology; however, the functional significance of results remains a matter of extensive debate and uncertainty. In this review, we present a select group of genome-wide association studies of alcohol dependence, as one example of a way to generate functional hypotheses, within the addiction cycle framework. This analysis may provide novel directions for validating the functional significance of alcohol dependence candidate genes. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Alcoholism".
journal_name
Neuropharmacologyjournal_title
Neuropharmacologyauthors
Reilly MT,Noronha A,Goldman D,Koob GFdoi
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.017subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-08-01 00:00:00pages
3-21eissn
0028-3908issn
1873-7064pii
S0028-3908(17)30017-5journal_volume
122pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The mGluR-mediated EPSP at parallel fibre-Purkinje cell synapses in the cerebellum was blocked concentration-dependently and reversibly by antagonists acting selectively on group-I mGluRs but not by an inhibitor of group-III receptors. The results provide pharmacological evidence that the receptor type responsible for...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(97)00014-2
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One proposed factor contributing to the increased frequency of opioid overdose deaths is the emergence of novel synthetic opioids, including illicit fentanyl and fentanyl analogues. A treatment strategy currently under development to address the ongoing opioid crisis is immunopharmacotherapies or opioid-targeted vacci...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107730
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mefloquine continues to be a key drug used for malaria chemoprophylaxis and treatment, despite reports of adverse events like depression and anxiety. It is unknown how mefloquine acts within the central nervous system to cause depression and anxiety or why some individuals are more vulnerable. We show that intraperito...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.10.013
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of dopamine in spinal motor transmission was investigated using spinal reflexes in acutely spinalized rats. Intravenous administration of a relatively high dose of the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine-HCl (3 mg/kg) or the D2 receptor agonist bromocriptine mesylate (1 mg/kg) reduced the amplitude of the m...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(93)90186-7
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:GABA(B) receptors inhibit and dopamine D1 receptors stimulate the release of GABA from striatal terminals in the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. Here we have studied the interaction between both classes of receptors by exploring the effect of GABA(B) receptors upon the stimulation of depolarization-induced [(...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.07.014
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anti-emetic drugs such as the tachykinin NK(1) receptor antagonists are useful to control emesis induced by diverse challenges. Evidence suggests pungent capsaicin-like TRPV1 activators also have broad inhibitory anti-emetic activity. However, pungent compounds are associated with undesirable effects including adverse...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.10.002
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long-term memory formation requires the coordinated regulation of gene expression. Until recently nucleosome remodeling, one of the major epigenetic mechanisms for controlling gene expression, had been largely unexplored in the field of neuroscience. Nucleosome remodeling is carried out by chromatin remodeling complex...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.10.002
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:gamma-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors are an important target for general anesthetics in the central nervous system. Site-directed mutagenesis techniques have identified amino acid residues that are important for the positive modulation of GABA(A) receptors by general anesthetics. In the present study, we...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(01)00141-1
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(90)90090-e
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heterogeneous binding interactions of cerebellar GABA(A) receptors were investigated with GABA agonists and neurosteroids. GABA(A) receptors of rat cerebellum were labelled with [(3)H]ethynylbicycloorthobenzoate (EBOB), a convulsant radioligand. Saturation analysis revealed a homogenous, nanomolar population of [(3)H]...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.04.003
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(99)00180-x
更新日期：2000-02-14 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108452
更新日期：2021-01-12 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(93)90156-w
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite evidence of local glycinergic circuits in the mature cerebellar nuclei the result of their activation remains unknown. Here, using whole cell recordings in rat cerebellar slices we demonstrated that after postnatal day 17 (>P17) glycinergic IPSCs can be readily evoked in large deep cerebellar nuclear neurons (...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.12.005
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies with heterologous expression systems have shown that the α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype can exist in two stoichiometries (with two [(α4)2(β2)3] or three [(α4)3(β2)2] copies of the α subunit in the receptor pentamer) which have different pharmacological and functional properties and are d...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.048
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(88)90012-3
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is considerable interest in histamine H3 receptors as emerging pharmaceutical targets recently. Diabetic rats display increased pain responses following the injection of formalin into the paw suggesting the presence of hyperalgesia. In this study, the efficacy of systemic administration of selective H3 receptor ...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.004
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because of the claim that ibogaine suppresses the symptoms of "narcotic withdrawal" in humans, the effect of ibogaine on naltrexone-precipitated withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent rats was assessed. Morphine was administered subcutaneously through implanted silicone reservoirs for 5 days. Ibogaine (20, 40 or 80 mg...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(92)90089-8
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(00)00196-9
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.10.005
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(95)00143-t
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.017
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(91)90183-c
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonin (5-HT)1A and σ1 receptors have been implicated in psychiatric disorders. We previously found that combined 5-HT reuptake inhibition and σ1 receptor activation has a synergistic effect on prefrontal dopaminergic transmission in adrenalectomized/castrated mice lacking circulating steroid hormones. In the prese...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.06.026
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human genetic variation in the gene CACNA1C, which codes for the alpha-1c subunit of Cav1.2 L-type calcium channels (LTCCs), has been broadly associated with enhanced risk for neuropsychiatric disorders including major depression, bipolar and schizophrenia. Little is known about the specific neural circuits through wh...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.033
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonin (5-HT) dysfunction has been involved in both movement and behavioral disorders. Serotonin pharmacology improves dyskinetic movements as well as depressive, anxious, aggressive and anorexic symptoms. Animal models have been useful to investigate more precisely to what extent 5-HT is involved and whether drugs...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.031
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Discovered and crystallized over sixty years ago, serotonin's important functions in the brain and body were identified over the ensuing years by neurochemical, physiological and pharmacological investigations. This 2008 M. Rapport Memorial Serotonin Review focuses on some of the most recent discoveries involving sero...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.08.034
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The so-called generalized polarization (GP) of the fluorescent probe Laurdan and the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of the probe diphenylhexatriene (DPH) and its phenylpropionic derivative (PA-DPH) were used to study the effects of several organochlorine insecticides of the chlorophenylethane, chlorinated cycloh...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(99)00194-x
更新日期：2000-04-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Dopamine denervation in Parkinson's disease and repeated Levodopa (L-DOPA) administration that induces dyskinesias are associated with an enhancement of basal ganglia neuropeptide transmission. Various adjunct non-dopaminergic treatments to Levodopa were shown to reduce and/or prevent dyskinesias. The aim of this stud...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.06.030
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Major Depressive Disorder, a growing data base suggests that the onset of antidepressants' action can be detected by improvement of depressive symptoms in the first 10-14 days of treatment. Previous studies showed that the mean concentration of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in blood increases during ...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.07.017
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
