Abstract：
:Somatic mutations in the genome represent one of the major drivers of malignancy. However, non-synonymous mutations are also a source of mutated peptides that are presented by HLA molecules to induce protective CD4 and CD8 T cell responses. Consistent with this notion, the mutation burden of a tumor is correlated with local immunity as well as outcome of therapy and patient survival. Furthermore, neoantigen-specific T cells appear sufficient to control tumors prophylactically and therapeutically. While the role of neoantigens as a determinant of the foreignness of human cancers is now well established, major questions, including the relative importance of clonal vs subclonal neoantigens, and CD4 vs CD8 T cells, remain unanswered. We expect continued animal studies to address some of the open issues and ongoing clinical trials to establish the utility of therapeutic strategies to enhance neoantigen-specific T cell responses in human cancer.
journal_name
Curr Opin Immunoljournal_title
Current opinion in immunologyauthors
Schumacher TN,Hacohen Ndoi
10.1016/j.coi.2016.07.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-08-01 00:00:00pages
98-103eissn
0952-7915issn
1879-0372pii
S0952-7915(16)30071-1journal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The molecular repertoire for innate recognition of bacterial pathogens has expanded rapidly in the past decade. These immunosensors include Toll-like receptors and the more recently defined NOD-like receptors (NLRs): NODs, NALPs, NAIP and IPAF. Toll-like receptors signal from the cell surface or endosome upon ligand b...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2006.11.005
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The strong genetic association of ERAP1 (endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1) with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), which is restricted to HLA-B27 positive cases, has profound pathogenetic implications. ERAP1 is involved in trimming peptides to optimal length for binding to HLA class 1 molecules, thereby not only affec...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2012.11.002
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The past year has seen the discovery of new isolates which do not readily fit into the established categories HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV, as well as the availability of new assays including the use of the polymerase chain reaction. New combination enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays can detect viruses from two or more groups...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(91)90018-v
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ensemble of antibodies found in serum and secretions represents the key adaptive component of B-cell mediated humoral immunity. The antibody repertoire is shaped by the historical record of exposure to exogenous factors such as pathogens and vaccines, as well as by endogenous host-intrinsic factors such as genetic...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2015.06.009
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs) are surface inhibitory receptors specific for allelic forms of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, which are expressed by natural killer (NK) cells and a subset of T lymphocytes. Upon engagement with HLA class I molecules, KIRs block NK cell activation and function. Cells l...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2004.07.010
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two years ago, T helper cells, including Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells, were considered to be the most significant sources of cytokine during the orchestration of immune responses in the lung. Following the discovery of innate lymphoid cells, we now know that these previously unappreciated cytokine-secreting cells, includin...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2012.08.009
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although twelve years have passed since the identification of HIV as the cause of AIDS, we do not yet know how HIV kills its target, the CD4+ T cell, nor how this killing cripples the immune system. Prominent theories include direct killing of infected CD4+ T cells by the action or accumulation of cytopathic viral DNA...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(94)90149-x
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pig-to-primate organ survival has been extended from a few minutes to weeks and occasionally months, following the development of transgenic pigs that express human complement-regulatory proteins, efficient antibody removal technologies and immunosuppressive strategies. The current limitation to the clinical applicati...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(00)00139-4
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytokines have been presumed to play an important role during T-cell development, but until recently formal proof has been missing. Most cytokine-knockout mice show apparently normal intrathymic T-cell development. The exception to this is IL-7, as both IL-7 and IL-7R alpha knockout mice show abnormally low thymic cel...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(95)80005-0
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protective and pathogenic immune responses were initially thought to be determined by the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th1 and Th2 effector subsets and the immunosuppressive activity of thymic-derived regulatory T cells. It is now clear that naïve T cells can also differentiate into 'induced' regulatory T cel...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2007.04.014
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peptide-MHC interactions govern the fate of T cells in the thymus and the peripheral T cell repertoire. Recent progress has involved investigating how different peptides influence T cell selection and mature T cell function and the subsequent implications for tolerance and autoimmunity. ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(96)80009-4
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of the CD1 antigen-presenting system reveals that T cells survey the lipid content of target cells via T-cell receptor (TCR) contact with CD1 bound to lipids, glycolipids and small molecules. Recently, CD1 proteins have been found to present mycobacterial lipopeptides that are involved in scavenging iron...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2005.04.006
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The intestinal mucosa is continuously exposed to harmless exogenous antigens derived from food proteins and microbiota. Continuous surveillance by suppressive regulatory T cells prevents inflammatory responses to these antigens thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis. The nature of the antigenic pressure varies at ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2012.03.004
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Islets of Langerhans of all species harbor a small number of resident macrophages. These macrophages are found since birth, do not exchange with blood monocytes, and are maintained by a low level of replication. Under steady state conditions, the islet macrophages are in an activated state. Islet macrophages have an i...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2016.09.004
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parasitic helminths continue to be a major cause of morbidity in human populations, particularly in the tropics and subtropics. The need for effective vaccines that minimize worm burdens, thus reducing associated pathology, is evident. With this goal in mind, an intense research effort is in progress to characterize i...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(93)90035-q
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) constitute a heterogeneous population of cytokine-secreting cells that colonize different tissues and are heavily reliant on cytokines and other secreted factors for their development, maintenance and effector functions. Most ILCs are tissue resident and differentiate in non-lymphoid perip...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2018.11.004
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fundamental advances in the fields of molecular biology and immunology have facilitated investigation of the autoimmune blistering disorders. Recently, the use of human autoantibodies has helped to identify biologically important adhesion molecules of the skin, and the pathogenic mechanisms involved in bullous skin di...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(95)80058-1
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the last year progress has been made towards elucidating the roles of the MHC gene products in autoimmunity. A major advance has been the recent determination of the crystallographic structure of the human MHC class II molecule, which will be invaluable in delineating the minimum structural requirements for peptide...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(93)90101-w
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobials represent a broad class of chemicals with the intended purpose of eliminating or controlling the growth of harmful microorganisms. Exposure can occur occupationally or through the use or consumption of consumer products. The use of antimicrobial agents has been associated with an increased incidence of ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2019.05.003
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Accessory molecules are required for microbial recognition by Toll-like receptor (TLR), subsequent signaling, and regulation of ensuing immune responses. Accessory molecules regulate TLRs on the cell surface (MD-2 and RP105), or in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (Unc93B, PRAT4A, and gp96). Other types of accessory mol...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2008.07.001
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of novel vaccine candidates against infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis has highlighted our limited understanding of immune mechanisms required to kill M. tuberculosis. The induction of a Th1 immunity is vital, but new studies are required to identify other mechanisms that may be necessary. Nove...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2017.07.008
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The extent of airway remodeling correlates with severity of asthma. Persistent airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is associated with airway remodeling, but not with inflammation. The increase in ASM mass is recognized as one of the most important factors related to AHR and to the severity of asthma. The infiltration of ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2007.07.018
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The past year has been refinement in our ability to delay the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection through the use of nucleoside analogues, singly or in combination. Progress has also been made in our ability to detect drug-resistant isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and to begin ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(06)80044-0
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and afflicts millions of people world-wide. The current treatments address only the late motor symptoms, with no cure or preventive therapeutic approaches. The contribution of dysfunctional immune mechanisms in PD has been clearly estab...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2019.02.004
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tolerance to the foetal 'allograft' has been extensively studied in the past few years, providing interesting new insights. In addition to a potential role for HLA-G, which has been widely discussed, there are hypotheses suggesting roles for several other molecules or cells: leukemia inhibitory factor and its receptor...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(00)00170-9
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Food allergy is now known to encompass a number of distinct clinical entities that follow the ingestion of specific food or food additives. Research continues to shed light on immediate reactions to foods and food protein-induced enterocolitis of newborns and infants. Adverse reactions to food additives remain an area...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(05)80007-x
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The innate immune system is comprised of a sophisticated network of recognition and effector molecules that act together to protect the host in the first minutes or hours of exposure to an infectious challenge. The mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is an evolutionary conserved circulating host defense protein that acts as ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2005.11.014
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The NLR (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing) family of intracellular sensors is a crucial component of the innate immune system. A number of NLR family members can form multiprotein complexes, called inflammasomes, and are capable of activating the cysteine protease caspase-1 in response to a wid...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2009.01.006
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies of the regulation of antigen receptor rearrangement have revealed several completely new levels of control. Not only do antigen receptor loci undergo changes in histone modifications as they become accessible for recombination, but also the number of different histone modifications and the variation at ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2010.12.008
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in the field of cellular therapy have focused on autologous T cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against tumor antigens. Remarkable responses have been observed in patients receiving autologous CD19-redirected T cells for the treatment of B-lymphoid malignancies. However, the...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2018.03.013
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
