HIV types and testing.

abstract：:Peanuts are a frequent cause of food allergy and the most common cause of fatal food-induced anaphylaxis in the U.S. Advances during the past two years have promoted our understanding of peanut allergens and peanut allergy prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, and therapy. The advances highlighted in this review include ev...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Finkelman FD

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antigen-receptor engagement is a complex, highly orchestrated rearrangement of signaling molecules at, and adjacent to, the plasma membrane. Recent discoveries have shown that the plasma membrane itself is differentiated into microdomains of distinct lipid constituents and that the affiliation of lipid-modified protei...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Xavier R,Seed B

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plants have the capacity to recognise and reject pathogens at various stages of their attempted colonisation of the plant. Non-specific rejection often arises as a consequence of the potential pathogen's attempt to breach the first lines of plant defence. Pathogens able to penetrate beyond this barrier of non-host res...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Jones DA,Takemoto D

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic and biochemical analyses have identified multiple DNA-binding and non-DNA-binding proteins that functionally regulate MHC class II genes. These include RFX, X2BP, NF-Y, CIITA, OCT-2 and Bob1. One of the essential non-DNA-binding proteins, CIITA, appears to function as a limiting molecular switch that is respon...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Boss JM

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cardinal signs of inflammation suggest a close connection between the nervous system and the immune system. However, the cellular and molecular basis of these interactions remains incompletely defined. Recent research has demonstrated that tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) obtain neuronal signals, parti...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Klose CS,Artis D

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Basophils are important effector cells, which contribute to protection against helminths and execute proinflammatory effector function during allergic inflammation. Basophils are also regulators of Th2 responses in helminth-infected hosts and in allergen-injected animals. Recently, three groups using different experim...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Nakanishi K

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The divergence of alphabeta and gammadelta T cells from a common precursor in the thymus is regulated by multiple cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors, most of which are not well defined. Recent studies have provided crucial data regarding the precise timing of lineage commitment and some clarification on the ext...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Narayan K,Kang J

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analysis of T-cell development in transgenic and gene-deficient mice suggests that the co-receptor function of CD8 is essential for positive selection. Recent data also demonstrate that the requirement for CD4 and CD8 in negative selection of T cells is not absolute and may be regulated by T-cell receptor affinity for...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Wallace VA,Penninger J,Mak TW

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our understanding of NKT cells has been rapidly advancing over recent years, with many research groups studying how these cells behave and how they can be manipulated to prevent disease. Although good progress has been made, a difficulty is the lack of a clear consensus about how to assay, or even identify, NKT cells....

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Berzins SP,Smyth MJ,Godfrey DI

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, lupus) is characterized by a global loss of self-tolerance with activation of autoreactive T and B cells leading to production of pathogenic autoantibodies and tissue injury. Innate immune mechanisms are necessary for the aberrant adaptive immune responses in SLE. Recent advances in ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Choi J,Kim ST,Craft J

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept of induction immunosuppression is evolving. Once used to buttress the inadequacies of past maintenance immunosuppressive regimens, it is now being used to permit effective maintenance immunosuppression using ever decreasing amounts of modern agents. In addition to lymphocyte depletion, with which it was on...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Hale DA

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the last year progress has been made towards elucidating the roles of the MHC gene products in autoimmunity. A major advance has been the recent determination of the crystallographic structure of the human MHC class II molecule, which will be invaluable in delineating the minimum structural requirements for peptide...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Campbell RD,Milner CM

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Consolidating the information that we have on pharmacogenetics and on cytokine genetics to produce patient-oriented individualized drug regimens is an important challenge in transplantation medicine. Using a multi-variant approach based on genetic profile and other relevant clinical factors a score system may be devel...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Girnita DM,Burckart G,Zeevi A

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent findings indicate that activated T lymphocytes, showing restricted T-cell receptor repertoire and a Th1-like profile of cytokine production, are responsible for macrophage activation and release of inflammatory cytokines, toxic oxygen metabolites and nitric oxide, which initiate and maintain the transmural inte...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Romagnani P,Annunziato F,Baccari MC,Parronchi P

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene therapy has become an attractive alternative therapeutic strategy to allogeneic transplant for primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) owing to known genetic defects. Clinical trials using gammaretroviral vectors have demonstrated the proof of principle of gene therapy for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) and chronic gra...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Aiuti A,Bacchetta R,Seger R,Villa A,Cavazzana-Calvo M

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The extraordinary sensitivity and specificity of T cells for their cognate antigen make them a highly attractive cancer therapeutic. However, the rarity of tumor-reactive T cells in cancer patients, the difficulty isolating them in sufficient numbers for adoptive immunotherapy, and the unpredictable persistence of tra...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Turtle CJ,Riddell SR

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytokines have been presumed to play an important role during T-cell development, but until recently formal proof has been missing. Most cytokine-knockout mice show apparently normal intrathymic T-cell development. The exception to this is IL-7, as both IL-7 and IL-7R alpha knockout mice show abnormally low thymic cel...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Zlotnik A,Moore TA

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer results from a tumor cell intrinsic dysregulation of oncogenes, tumor suppressor and stability genes as well as from the avoidance of immunosurveillance. A complex network of cellular interactions allows one to mount cognate anti-tumor immune responses. Recently, discoveries have been made regarding the links b...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Ghiringhelli F,Apetoh L,Housseau F,Kroemer G,Zitvogel L

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fascinating recent discoveries have focused attention on the nonclassical class I molecules. They can exert their function at most levels of the immune response, being part of both innate and adaptive immune systems. They not only have specialized antigen-presentation functions but also play important immunoregulatory...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Braud VM,Allan DS,McMichael AJ

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation is essential for lymphocyte proliferation driven by receptors for antigen, costimulatory ligands and cytokines. The lipid products of PI3K contribute to the assembly of membrane-associated signaling complexes by promoting recruitment of selected proteins from the cytoplasm. ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Fruman DA

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We are in a 'golden age' of mouse genetics. Genetic engineering and micromanipulation techniques now allow not only the overexpression or misexpression of transgenes randomly inserted into the mouse genome, but also the directed homologous replacement of normal genes with transgenes coding for null or mutant alleles (...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Seldin DC

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One hundred years ago, the 1918 H1N1 Pandemic killed 20 million people worldwide. Despite the introduction of a worldwide surveillance system, large-scale production of influenza vaccines coupled with annual vaccination schemes, influenza remains a major public health concern. Prevention of influenza on a population b...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Andrews SF,McDermott AB

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MHC class II molecules (MHC-II) present antigenic fragments acquired in the endocytic route to the immune system for recognition and activation of CD4+ T cells. This ignites a series of immune responses. MHC-II strongly correlates to most autoimmune diseases. Understanding the biology of MHC-II is therefore expected t...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： van den Hoorn T,Paul P,Jongsma ML,Neefjes J

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Distinctions between tumor necrosis factor, TNF-alpha, and lymphotoxin, TNF-beta, have previously been based on the differences between their protein sequences, biological activity, and molecular regulation. In the past year, elucidation of the molecular nature of the two molecules and the interactions with common rec...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Ruddle NH

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Islets of Langerhans of all species harbor a small number of resident macrophages. These macrophages are found since birth, do not exchange with blood monocytes, and are maintained by a low level of replication. Under steady state conditions, the islet macrophages are in an activated state. Islet macrophages have an i...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Carrero JA,Ferris ST,Unanue ER

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rational selection of individual adjuvants can often be made on the basis of innate molecular interactions of the foreign molecules with pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors. For example, monophosphoryl lipid A, a family of endotoxic TLR4 agonist molecules from bacteria, has recently been formulat...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Alving CR,Peachman KK,Rao M,Reed SG

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptides presented by MHC class I molecules are typically produced through antigen degradation by the proteasome followed by trimming by exopeptidases. According to recent results, these include both aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases in the cytosol and the endoplasmic reticulum. While cytosolic peptidases have a n...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Weimershaus M,Evnouchidou I,Saveanu L,van Endert P

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accessory molecules are required for microbial recognition by Toll-like receptor (TLR), subsequent signaling, and regulation of ensuing immune responses. Accessory molecules regulate TLRs on the cell surface (MD-2 and RP105), or in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (Unc93B, PRAT4A, and gp96). Other types of accessory mol...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Akashi-Takamura S,Miyake K

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The adoptive transfer of donor-type CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) protects from graft-versus-host disease in murine bone marrow transplantation models. Results from first clinical trials exploring such strategies have recently been presented and seem to confirm the efficacy of Treg for the prevention...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Edinger M,Hoffmann P

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Induction of antiviral immunity in vertebrates and invertebrates relies on members of the RIG-I-like receptor and Dicer families, respectively. Although these proteins have different size and domain composition, members of both families share a conserved DECH-box helicase domain. This helicase, also known as a duplex ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Paro S,Imler JL,Meignin C

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00