Abstract:
:Reports suggesting a pathogenic role of autoantibodies directed against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65Abs) in cerebellar ataxias (CAs) are reviewed, and debatable issues such as internalization of antibodies by neurons and roles of epitopes are discussed. GAD65 is one of two enzymes that catalyze the conversion of glutamate to the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). A pathogenic role of GAD65Ab in CAs is suggested by in vivo and in vitro studies. (1) Intracerebellar administration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoglobulins (IgGs) obtained from GAD65Ab-positive CA patients impairs cerebellar modulation of motor control in rats. (2) CSF IgGs act on terminals of GABAergic neurons and decrease the release of GABA in cerebellar slices from rats and mice. (3) Absorption of GAD65Ab by recombinant GAD65 diminishes the above effects, and monoclonal human GAD65Ab (b78) mimic the effects of CSF IgGs in vivo and in vitro. Studies using GAD65-KO mice confirm that the target molecule is GAD65. (4) Notably, the effects of GAD65Ab depend on the epitope specificity of the monoclonal GAD65Ab. Taken together, these results indicate that epitope-specific GAD65Ab-induced impairment of GABA release is involved in the pathogenesis of GAD65Ab-positive CA and support the early detection of GAD65Ab-associated CA to initiate immunotherapy before irreversible neuronal death in the cerebellum.
journal_name
J Immunol Resjournal_title
Journal of immunology researchauthors
Mitoma H,Manto M,Hampe CSdoi
10.1155/2017/2913297subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-01 00:00:00pages
2913297eissn
2314-8861issn
2314-7156journal_volume
2017pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, which is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is primarily a vector disease endemic in 21 Latin American countries, including Mexico. Although many vector control programs have been implemented, T. cruzi has not been eradicated. The development of an anti-T. ...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2015/489758
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of immunology research
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abstract::Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by deregulated activation of T and B cells, autoantibody production, and consequent formation of immune complexes. Liposomes with nonbilayer phospholipid arrangements (NPA), induced by chlorpromazine, procainamide, or manganese, provoke a disease resembling human lup...
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journal_title:Journal of immunology research
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更新日期:2019-01-13 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2014/809389
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2018/7281453
更新日期:2018-07-02 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2016/3160486
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2015/429439
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2015/132083
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2018/7245956
更新日期:2018-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::Irritant Contact Dermatitis (ICD) is characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and inflammatory cytokine release. IL-6 has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of ICD; however, the involvement of the IL-22/IL-22Rα axis and its relation to IL-6 in the inflammatory response following irritant exposure are unknown....
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2019/6276254
更新日期:2019-10-29 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2020/2614317
更新日期:2020-01-23 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2017/8734504
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2020-10-23 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2016/4895672
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doi:10.1155/2018/9101964
更新日期:2018-05-02 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2015/526195
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2018/5264195
更新日期:2018-10-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2016/3576028
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of immunology research
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doi:10.1155/2016/7346030
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2014/963484
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2018/6718083
更新日期:2018-10-08 00:00:00