Regarding Bioethics: A Sociology of Morality.

abstract：:Over recent years there has been a gratifying decrease in the incidence of recorded deaths from coronary artery disease in the Western world. The common view is that coronary artery disease is a recent phenomenon, that we have been subject to an epidemic in the mid-20th century that is now tailing off, and that with a...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： John LC

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Schneiderman, Jecker, and Jonsen (2017) correctly take issue with a recent multi-society statement that attempts to replace most uses of the term futility with "inappropriate treatment." However, they mistakenly categorize any treatment of permanent unconsciousness as futile. Futility can be readily defined as an inte...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Brody H

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Randomized, controlled clinical trials (RCTs) may be possible, permissible, and practical in certain circumstances, but ethical or practical considerations often preclude their utilization. In many such cases, ethical objections will not apply to a similarly oriented, prospective, matched-pair observational study. Add...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Kowalski CJ

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this essay we link the rationale for the medical humanities with radical hermeneutics, a move that infuses the medical humanities with incredulity and suspicion. This orientation is particularly important at this historical moment, when the evidence-based and competency blanket is threatening to overpower all aspec...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Wear D,Aultman JM

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Milton Winternitz led Yale Medical School as its Dean from 1920 to 1935. An innovative, even maverick leader, he not only kept the school from going under, but turned it into a first-class research institution. Dedicated to the new scientific medicine established in Germany, he was equally fervent about "social medici...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Spiro H,Norton PW

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Marino Ortolani (1904-1983), a pediatrician from Ferrara, in northeastern Italy, was an outstanding pioneer in the early diagnosis and treatment of hip dysplasia. In 1935, while examining hip abduction-adduction in a six-month-old baby, Ortolani noted that a clearly audible and palpable "click" was sufficient to revea...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Stecco C,Porzionato A,Macchi V,Fantoni I,Ortolani L,De Caro R

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pace of biomedical innovation is important because it determines the rate of progress in medicine and allied disciplines. A review of the history of medical advances reveals that the three decades from 1950 to 1980 were a particularly innovative time. Subsequent decades have seen fewer seminal advances, despite co...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Casadevall A

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metaphysics is an essential part of philosophy of medicine, providing the background for further methodological work. Current accounts of the ontology of particular diseases may be classified as realist or anti-realist. Because strong arguments can be marshaled by both of these positions, an approach to medical ontolo...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Simon JR

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fifty years after Beecher's landmark article, an old question is being debated anew: is it ethical to conduct clinical research without consent? This paper provides a systematic analysis of this question. First, it describes five clinical trials that have either been conducted (or proposed) without the subjects provid...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Kim SY

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the practice of medicine continually changes in response to new biomedical understanding, novel technologies, and evolving cultural contexts, the ethical foundations of the clinical relationship between patient and physician paradoxically remain constant. There are fundamental characteristics with respect to ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Fuks A,Brawer J,Boudreau JD

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several studies suggest that clinical researchers are prone to overestimating the chance that scientific protocols will succeed, say, by confirming a treatment hypothesis or reaching recruitment targets. In this essay, we address the normative question of whether such "unrealistic optimism" is harmful in clinical rese...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Benjamin D,Kimmelman J

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human beings rely on metaphor as a primary cognitive device for interpreting the world around them. Metaphors figure especially strongly in discourse around health, illness, and medicine. It is not just that patients use metaphors to describe their personal experience of being unwell, or that medical professionals emp...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Hanne M

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Social media use in modern medicine is fraught with ethical dilemmas and risks of unprofessional behavior. This essay surveys the existing literature on the possibilities and pitfalls of social media use by health-care professionals and concludes that non-engagement with social media is not an option. A mindful approa...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Frischtak H,Sinha P

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article is concerned with the practice of bioethics outside of the Euro-American and Anglophone settings in which it was first formulated. In theoretical terms, the article considers the frictions that arise when global-scale projects such as bioethics are introduced into diverse social and cultural settings. Met...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Simpson B

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept and determination of death by neurological or cardio-circulatory criteria play a crucial role for medical practice, society, and the law. Academic debates on death determination have regained momentum, and recent cases involving the neurological determination of death ("brain death") in the United States h...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Racine E,Jox RJ,Bernat JL,Dabrock P,Gardiner D,Marckmann G,Rid A,Rodriguez-Arias D,Schmitten RI,Schöne-Seifert B

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibody-dependent enhancement is a general in vitro property of enveloped viruses. In certain circumstances, antibody-dependent enhancement is a bona fide pathophysiologic mechanism in vivo. There are several examples of virus disease of humans and animals in which incomplete or partial immunity can lead to enhanced ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Burke DS

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This is a daunting time, not only in terms of our public health and our economic health but also in terms of the health of the republic. It is an old theme that any form of popular government needs virtuous citizens if it is to survive. It also needs citizens to agree on what counts as a virtue. I fear that the pandem...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Brudney D

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the 1970s, something deeply consequential happened in the cultural, economic, and social relationships between science and technology. Paul Forman has proposed that the abrupt reversal of the culturally ascribed primacy in the science-technology relationship circa 1980 be taken as a demarcation of postmodernity...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Schweber SS

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While the necessity of normalizing surgery on intersexed individuals is a topic of ongoing debate in the 21st century, the origins of surgery as a therapeutic practice for ambiguous or unusual genitalia lie in the 19th century. The first report of corrective surgery published in the United States appeared in the Ameri...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Matta C

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ensuring experimental outcomes are of the highest clinical caliber is crucial prior to the introduction of germline genome editing. However, if we are to police scientific progress using probability or the potential to go wrong, then we must account for the specious standards of human reproduction. With 15% of clinica...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： O'Neill HC

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article proposes a means for better understanding the self and consciousness. Data indicate that the basic "emotional brain" continually computes potential survival risk against reward to rank consequent "emotion scores" for all sensory inputs. These scores compete to yield winner-takes-all outcomes that determin...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Boyd GW

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article describes the origins and drafting of the Belmont Report by members of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Beauchamp TL

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This commentary considers two informing influences on Pope Francis's support of perinatal hospice care for families facing diagnoses of serious fetal anomalies. Reflecting on the morally formative scriptural narrative of Mary's pregnancy and Jesus's birth and drawing upon an often-repeated idea of Pope Francis's papac...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Hardt J

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Shopping for genetic information has become popular, but consumers may not understand what exactly they are buying. The retail DNA industry is forcing laypersons, academics, and medical and legal professionals alike to face the crossroads of genetics, law, and society. How will we decipher the meanings of the tests, d...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Wagner JK

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the 19th century, we have come to think of disease in terms of specific entities--entities defined and legitimated in terms of characteristic somatic mechanisms. Since the last third of that century, we have expanded would-be disease categories to include an ever-broader variety of emotional pain, idiosyncrasy, ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Rosenberg CE

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the beginning of the 21st century, the living conditions of undocumented migrant workers in Belgium have deteriorated drastically. In Brussels, after various social actions, undocumented people began squatting and occupying public buildings to make their struggle visible to society. Desperate, some seized the po...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Vanobberghen R,Louckx F,Depoorter AM,Devroey D,Vandevoorde J

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The general population is experiencing lifelong exposure to old and new hazardous substances. By using data collected from a subject's own teeth, accuracy in determining the effects of exposure is assured since extrapolation is excluded. The establishment of a common tooth bank can provide means to integrate data from...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Sharon IM

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The linguistic metaphor in biology adheres to a representational theory that seeks similarities between pre-given domains. The point of departure of this paper is the generative and nonrepresentational conception of metaphor. This paper argues that by adopting the nonrepresentational conception of metaphor, meaning-ma...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Neuman Y

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After almost 50 years in science, I believe that there is an acceptable, often advantageous chasm between open-ended basic research-free exploration without a practical destination and in which the original ideas may fade into new concepts-and translational research or clinical research. My basic research on crystalli...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Piatigorsky J

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over time, contemporary writing becomes part of the historical record. In medicine, it is an important learning tool, particularly for understanding the experience and context of disease and illness. Although a century has elapsed since the fictional events on a single day described in James Joyce's Ulysses, the work ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Shanahan F,Quigley EM

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00