Determination of Death: A Discussion on Responsible Scholarship, Clinical Practices, and Public Engagement.

abstract：:Laura Ferguson's The Visible Skeleton Series constitutes an artistic self-representation of scoliosis. Ferguson employs high-tech medical imaging and innovative graphical techniques to suggest a novel view of her skeletal "deformity." This section presents introductions to the series by a historian of medicine and by ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Dreger AD,Ferguson L,Aspinall C,Polly DW Jr,Beckwith JB

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biologists use models in two distinct ways that have not been clearly articulated. A model may be used either as an exemplar of a larger group, or as a surrogate for a specific target. Zebrafish serve as an exemplary model of vertebrates in developmental biology; rodents are both exemplary vertebrates and specific sur...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Bolker JA

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human beings rely on metaphor as a primary cognitive device for interpreting the world around them. Metaphors figure especially strongly in discourse around health, illness, and medicine. It is not just that patients use metaphors to describe their personal experience of being unwell, or that medical professionals emp...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Hanne M

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This is a daunting time, not only in terms of our public health and our economic health but also in terms of the health of the republic. It is an old theme that any form of popular government needs virtuous citizens if it is to survive. It also needs citizens to agree on what counts as a virtue. I fear that the pandem...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Brudney D

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Of all the principles set out by Flexner in 1910, the most fundamental, that of academic and scientific excellence, is more relevant to medical education in the United Kingdom today than ever before. To realize this, undergraduate medical education (UGME) at Oxford has evolved to incorporate the tutorial method of tea...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Fleming KA

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Scholars have shown that organ transplantation may transform ideas about one's body, with recipients feeling that they are receiving not just a body part but also a part of the donor's identity. This article focuses on a different way in which organ transplantation shapes recipient identity: the idea of becoming whole...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Rodriguez SB,Campo-Engelstein L

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibody-dependent enhancement is a general in vitro property of enveloped viruses. In certain circumstances, antibody-dependent enhancement is a bona fide pathophysiologic mechanism in vivo. There are several examples of virus disease of humans and animals in which incomplete or partial immunity can lead to enhanced ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Burke DS

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pace of biomedical innovation is important because it determines the rate of progress in medicine and allied disciplines. A review of the history of medical advances reveals that the three decades from 1950 to 1980 were a particularly innovative time. Subsequent decades have seen fewer seminal advances, despite co...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Casadevall A

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The health aspects and benefits of conception control as a justification for U.S. government support of family planning are reviewed. The Family Planning Services Act of 1970 set a goal of serving 5 million indigent women by 1975. It is predicted that the program will far surpass that goal. 340 million dollars were...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Hellman LM

更新日期：1973-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A detailed review of hospital records, physician's notes, diaries, letters, and autopsy reports offers sufficient clinical grounds to establish that Eugene O'Neill developed adrenal insufficiency, secondary to tuberculosis, in later life--a fact hitherto unknown--the condition not becoming manifest until after he had ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Hamilton JW

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both leading scientific journals and the popular press now regularly report the convincing evidence of massive environmental degradation and decline. Yet despite the seriousness of the problems, despite their anthropogenic nature, and despite their profound implications for present and future population health, such t...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Levine BR

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The treatment of broken bones has long adhered to principles of tight juxtaposition of fracture ends and of strict rest. Splinting and casting with plaster of Paris helped considerably. Attempts at internal splinting with pegs, bolts, or stabilizing contraptions usually failed. Foreign materials were either not biocom...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Pierach CA

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We argue that medical decisions on behalf of children should be made with the welfare of the child as the primary interest, that parents should generally be allowed to determine which options optimize the interests of their child, and that those decisions should be formally challenged only when the parental decision p...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Diekema DS,Wilfond BS

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Milton Winternitz led Yale Medical School as its Dean from 1920 to 1935. An innovative, even maverick leader, he not only kept the school from going under, but turned it into a first-class research institution. Dedicated to the new scientific medicine established in Germany, he was equally fervent about "social medici...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Spiro H,Norton PW

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over recent years there has been a gratifying decrease in the incidence of recorded deaths from coronary artery disease in the Western world. The common view is that coronary artery disease is a recent phenomenon, that we have been subject to an epidemic in the mid-20th century that is now tailing off, and that with a...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： John LC

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent death of a normal healthy volunteer, as well as the increased use of normal volunteers as research subjects, has heightened the attention given to the participation of normal volunteers in clinical research. An overlooked sub-population of normal healthy volunteers are repeat, veteran volunteers. This essay...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Tishler CL,Bartholomae S

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The linguistic metaphor in biology adheres to a representational theory that seeks similarities between pre-given domains. The point of departure of this paper is the generative and nonrepresentational conception of metaphor. This paper argues that by adopting the nonrepresentational conception of metaphor, meaning-ma...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Neuman Y

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept of placebo has evolved over time. Generally believed to be the basis of the premodern pharmacopoeia, the placebo has been adopted in practice as a harmless but unscientific approach towards alleviating symptoms. Currently, many medical scientists view placebos pejoratively as confounding elements in the an...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Kradin RL

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The advent of electronic health records (EHRs) to improve access and enable research in the everyday clinical world has simultaneously made medical information much more vulnerable to illicit, non-beneficent uses. This wealth of identified, aggregated data has and will attract attacks by domestic governments for surve...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Graves S

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autobiographical narratives of illness and disability are influential in popular and medical discourses of illness and disability, in part because these narratives represent illness and disability within a sociocultural context, intersecting with other categories of difference. Clinicians can benefit patients through ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Garden R

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Kelly, Kelly, and Russo (2014) recently proposed to integrate biological, behavioral, and social mechanisms into "mixed mechanisms" situated in the individual's "lifeworld" when considering illness causation. This article suggests considering terminological discrepancies, replacing the pathogenetic with an etiological...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Dammann O

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The organism, like the molecule, the cell, and the species, is one of the fundamental levels in our hierarchical classification of life and its components. The units ranked at these levels, being concrete, particular things, are individuals in the broadest philosophical sense. But in a much narrower and more familiar ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Ghiselin MT

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medical leadership and leadership education have recently emerged as subjects of an expanding though as yet uncritical literature. Considerable attention is being given to the development of courses and electives, together with some proposals for generalizing these offerings to all medical students and doctors. This a...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Parker M

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How we discovered that sea birds on the Great Barrier Reef are riddled with influenza viruses, and how one of these led to a new drug now being used in the battle against the flu. ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Laver WG

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reexamines the recent case of the conjoined twins from Malta. Survival was said to be possible only through separation, which would actually leave only one twin alive. The parents refused to allow the killing of one to save the other, but the court ruled that this would amount to the neglect of innocent lif...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Barilan YM

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The idea of being "haunted" appears often in accounts of the experience of health-care professionals and trainees who suffer from unresolved sorrow or regret about past clinical events, in particular the deaths of patients. The trope of haunting draws a direct line between past professional trauma and the dread of fut...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Belling C

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The term innovation is frequently used as a justification for allowing clinicians to offer unproven autologous stem cell-based interventions (SCBIs) to their patients. Proponents of this kind of innovation (which we refer to as "clinical innovation") argue that physicians should be free to administer whatever interven...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Lipworth W,Stewart C,Kerridge I

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rise of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) in health care has engendered considerable excitement, claiming to improve approaches to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Amidst the enthusiasm, the philosophical assumptions that underlie the big data and AI movement in medicine are rarely examined. This essay...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Chin-Yee B,Upshur R

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An intersex condition is one in which an individual is born with atypical male or female external genitalia, gonads, hormones, or chromosomes. Older terms, such as pseudohermaphroditism and hermaphroditism, are controversial, leading the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society (LWPES) and the European Society for P...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Reis E,McCarthy MW

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a growing national awareness that the extraordinary extension of life expectancy in our society poses an impending crisis for our health-care system. This is due in large part to the scarcity of primary-care providers, especially geriatricians. To address these concerns, the Obama administration has considere...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Hamerman D

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00