The significance of teeth in pollution detection.

abstract：:In 1900 William Osler established a friendship with Harvey Cushing that encompassed the personal and professional aspects of their lives for over two decades. Their shared participation in the covenant of medicine shaped an intense friendship and mentoring relationship that profited both individuals immeasurably. The ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Duffy TP

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the cultural history of man's relationship with tobacco and the steps in the discovery of tobacco addiction. Nicotine dependence (ND) or nicotine addiction (NA), among other forms of drug addiction, continues to be a significant public health problem in the world, as it is associated with major se...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Russo P,Nastrucci C,Alzetta G,Szalai C

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:C. Wright Mills said that when done well, sociology illuminates the intersection of biography and history. This essay examines how the author's vocational choices and career path were shaped by historical circumstance, leading him to a degree in sociology and to participation in the odd and interesting interdiscipline...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： De Vries R

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Judgments of futility are always relative to some goal. In light of that proposition, continued treatment for those diagnosed as "brain dead" is not necessarily futile. ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Miller FG

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinical trial of the AbioCor artificial heart, initiated in July 2001 and still in process, has taken place within a matrix of social and cultural patterns that are both "old" and new. The old patterns--those that have accompanied previous clinical trials of other vital artificial organs and transplantation in th...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Fox RC,Swazey JP

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews some of the technological devices and ideas which have been used over the years to answer the question, how does the brain work? It describes some of the early technology-based analogies and models of nerve fibers, and then discusses other analogies and models of the brain based on mechanical and ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Kirkland KL

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The emerging field of synthetic biology is a novel biological discipline at the interface between traditional biology, chemistry, and engineering sciences. Synthetic biology aims at the rational design of complex synthetic biological devices and systems with desired properties by combining compatible, modular biologic...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Hörner M,Reischmann N,Weber W

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When we figure medical practice as warfare, an individual clinician may be either a dutiful combatant or a conscientious objector. The rhetorical structure of this choice means that clinicians may exercise their consciences by loyally joining or disloyally exiting the medical ranks' battle against disease. But there a...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Nussbaum AM

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a need in our society to raise the national consciousness about aging, health, and the prospects for longevity, so that many more persons take responsibility for their personal health and understand what we will need in an era of health-care reform to promote health across the life course. We address this imp...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Hamerman D,Fried LP

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article examines five letters from the correspondence of American zoologist Edwin Grant Conklin that highlight his theories of genetic and social inheritance, in order to suggest that Conklin's eugenic beliefs--like those of many American authorities during this time--were complex and sometimes contradictory. The...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Reumann M,Fausto-Sterling A

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rise of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) in health care has engendered considerable excitement, claiming to improve approaches to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Amidst the enthusiasm, the philosophical assumptions that underlie the big data and AI movement in medicine are rarely examined. This essay...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Chin-Yee B,Upshur R

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The reigning paradigm of rational drug discovery in translational medicine attempts to exploit biological theories and pathophysiological explanations to identify novel drug targets and therapeutic strategies. Yet because many theories in medicine are either incomplete (at best) or false (at worst), relying on theoret...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Hey SP

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The traditional forms of public health law were directed largely toward communicable diseases and other externalities, such as pollution, with negative health impacts. The more modern view treats any health issue that affects large numbers of individuals as one of public health, which would include such problems as ob...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Epstein RA

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As health care has become of great importance to both individual citizens and to society, it has become more important to understand medicine's relationship to the society it serves in order to have a basis for meaningful dialogue. During the past decade, individuals in the medical, legal, social sciences, and health ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Cruess RL,Cruess SR

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the practice of medicine continually changes in response to new biomedical understanding, novel technologies, and evolving cultural contexts, the ethical foundations of the clinical relationship between patient and physician paradoxically remain constant. There are fundamental characteristics with respect to ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Fuks A,Brawer J,Boudreau JD

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A detailed review of hospital records, physician's notes, diaries, letters, and autopsy reports offers sufficient clinical grounds to establish that Eugene O'Neill developed adrenal insufficiency, secondary to tuberculosis, in later life--a fact hitherto unknown--the condition not becoming manifest until after he had ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Hamilton JW

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Laura Ferguson's The Visible Skeleton Series constitutes an artistic self-representation of scoliosis. Ferguson employs high-tech medical imaging and innovative graphical techniques to suggest a novel view of her skeletal "deformity." This section presents introductions to the series by a historian of medicine and by ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Dreger AD,Ferguson L,Aspinall C,Polly DW Jr,Beckwith JB

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The organism, like the molecule, the cell, and the species, is one of the fundamental levels in our hierarchical classification of life and its components. The units ranked at these levels, being concrete, particular things, are individuals in the broadest philosophical sense. But in a much narrower and more familiar ...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Ghiselin MT

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article outlines a Darwinian approach to sports that takes into account its profoundly cultural character and thereby overcomes the traditional nature-culture dichotomies in the sociology of sport. We argue that there are good reasons to view sports as culturally evolved signaling systems that serve a function si...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： De Block A,Dewitte S

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept and determination of death by neurological or cardio-circulatory criteria play a crucial role for medical practice, society, and the law. Academic debates on death determination have regained momentum, and recent cases involving the neurological determination of death ("brain death") in the United States h...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Racine E,Jox RJ,Bernat JL,Dabrock P,Gardiner D,Marckmann G,Rid A,Rodriguez-Arias D,Schmitten RI,Schöne-Seifert B

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is 200 years old and remains relevant to 21st-century scientific experimentation. Molecular biologists today have become especially bold in their attempts to cure diseases while remaining mindful of the real dangers of their research. Scientists presumably share an abiding concern about pro...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Nowlin C

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In retrospect, mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) in the 20th century followed an epidemic pattern: mortality rates increased dramatically from 1920 until about 1960, remained roughly constant for almost a decade, and have been decreasing since the late 1960s. CHD has traditionally been conceived of as a sing...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Azambuja MI,Levins R

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a growing national awareness that the extraordinary extension of life expectancy in our society poses an impending crisis for our health-care system. This is due in large part to the scarcity of primary-care providers, especially geriatricians. To address these concerns, the Obama administration has considere...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Hamerman D

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metaphysics is an essential part of philosophy of medicine, providing the background for further methodological work. Current accounts of the ontology of particular diseases may be classified as realist or anti-realist. Because strong arguments can be marshaled by both of these positions, an approach to medical ontolo...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Simon JR

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pace of biomedical innovation is important because it determines the rate of progress in medicine and allied disciplines. A review of the history of medical advances reveals that the three decades from 1950 to 1980 were a particularly innovative time. Subsequent decades have seen fewer seminal advances, despite co...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Casadevall A

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An intersex condition is one in which an individual is born with atypical male or female external genitalia, gonads, hormones, or chromosomes. Older terms, such as pseudohermaphroditism and hermaphroditism, are controversial, leading the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society (LWPES) and the European Society for P...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Reis E,McCarthy MW

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As a result of the growth of evidence-based practices across the world, health-care providers and policymakers in the United States, United Kingdom, and Europe have established institutes such as the United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) to produce clinical guidelines that physi...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： McGoey L

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The advent of electronic health records (EHRs) to improve access and enable research in the everyday clinical world has simultaneously made medical information much more vulnerable to illicit, non-beneficent uses. This wealth of identified, aggregated data has and will attract attacks by domestic governments for surve...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Graves S

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This commentary considers two informing influences on Pope Francis's support of perinatal hospice care for families facing diagnoses of serious fetal anomalies. Reflecting on the morally formative scriptural narrative of Mary's pregnancy and Jesus's birth and drawing upon an often-repeated idea of Pope Francis's papac...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： Hardt J

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over recent years there has been a gratifying decrease in the incidence of recorded deaths from coronary artery disease in the Western world. The common view is that coronary artery disease is a recent phenomenon, that we have been subject to an epidemic in the mid-20th century that is now tailing off, and that with a...

journal_title：Perspectives in biology and medicine

authors： John LC

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00