Abstract:
:This study aims to develop a computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) scheme for classification between malignant and benign lung nodules, and also assess whether CADx performance changes in detecting nodules associated with early and advanced stage lung cancer. The study involves 243 biopsy-confirmed pulmonary nodules. Among them, 76 are benign, 81 are stage I and 86 are stage III malignant nodules. The cases are separated into three data sets involving: (1) all nodules, (2) benign and stage I malignant nodules, and (3) benign and stage III malignant nodules. A CADx scheme is applied to segment lung nodules depicted on computed tomography images and we initially computed 66 3D image features. Then, three machine learning models namely, a support vector machine, naïve Bayes classifier and linear discriminant analysis, are separately trained and tested by using three data sets and a leave-one-case-out cross-validation method embedded with a Relief-F feature selection algorithm. When separately using three data sets to train and test three classifiers, the average areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) are 0.94, 0.90 and 0.99, respectively. When using the classifiers trained using data sets with all nodules, average AUC values are 0.88 and 0.99 for detecting early and advanced stage nodules, respectively. AUC values computed from three classifiers trained using the same data set are consistent without statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). This study demonstrates (1) the feasibility of applying a CADx scheme to accurately distinguish between benign and malignant lung nodules, and (2) a positive trend between CADx performance and cancer progression stage. Thus, in order to increase CADx performance in detecting subtle and early cancer, training data sets should include more diverse early stage cancer cases.
journal_name
Phys Med Bioljournal_title
Physics in medicine and biologyauthors
Gong J,Liu JY,Sun XW,Zheng B,Nie SDdoi
10.1088/1361-6560/aaa610subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-02-05 00:00:00pages
035036issue
3eissn
0031-9155issn
1361-6560journal_volume
63pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Inverse treatment planning in intensity modulated particle therapy (IMPT) with scanned carbon-ion beams is currently based on the optimization of RBE-weighted dose to satisfy requirements of target coverage and limited toxicity to organs-at-risk (OARs) and healthy tissues. There are many feasible IMPT plans that meet ...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aaf400
更新日期:2019-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Coronary computed tomography angiography (cCTA) is a commonly used imaging modality for the evaluation of coronary artery disease. cCTA is generally reconstructed in multiple cardiac phases because different coronary arteries may be better visualized in some phases than in others due to the periodic cardiac motion. We...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/59/16/4661
更新日期:2014-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::This study presents a new approach to accurately account for the medium-dependent effect in model-based dose calculations for kilovoltage (kV) x-rays. This approach is based on the hypothesis that the correction factors needed to convert dose from model-based dose calculations to absorbed dose-to-medium depend on both...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/56/13/011
更新日期:2011-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::The reference levels and maximum permissible exposure values for magnetic fields that are currently used have been derived from basic restrictions under the assumption of upright standing body models in a standard posture, i.e. with arms laterally down and without contact with metallic objects. Moreover, if anatomical...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/61/12/4412
更新日期:2016-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::Computer tomographic (CT) scans are used to correct for tissue inhomogeneities in radiotherapy treatment planning. In order to guarantee a precise treatment, it is important to obtain the relationship between CT Hounsfield units and electron densities (or proton stopping powers for proton radiotherapy), which is the b...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/41/1/009
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Magnetoencephalography (MEG) source analysis has largely relied on spherical conductor models of the head to simplify forward calculations of the brain's magnetic field. Multiple- (or overlapping, local) sphere models, where an optimal sphere is selected for each sensor, are considered an improvement over single-spher...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/56/17/010
更新日期:2011-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::4D cone beam computed tomography (4DCBCT) is an emerging image guidance strategy used in radiotherapy where projections acquired during a scan are sorted into respiratory bins based on the respiratory phase or displacement. 4DCBCT reduces the motion blur caused by respiratory motion but increases streaking artefacts d...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/59/19/5631
更新日期:2014-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is presented as a statistical tool to evaluate the contribution of measurement error to any measurement series where the same quantity is measured using different independent methods. The technique was tested against artificial data sets; generated for values of underlying variation...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/59/20/6019
更新日期:2014-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Three-dimensional reconstruction of cardiac vasculature from angiographic C-arm CT (rotational angiography) data is a major challenge. Motion artefacts corrupt image quality, reducing usability for diagnosis and guidance. Many state-of-the-art approaches depend on retrospective ECG-gating of projection data for image ...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/58/11/3717
更新日期:2013-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::We report on a set of cell survival experiments performed in complex field combinations of therapeutic 12C ion beams. CHO cells were exposed to the superposition of two or three fields of 12C ions arranged in a similar way to real patient treatments. Two-dimensional survival distributions were measured and compared wi...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/48/14/302
更新日期:2003-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to improve the performance of a small gamma camera, utilizing a NaI(Tl) plate and a 5" position sensitive PMT. We attempted to build a NaI(Tl) plate crystal system which retained all its advantages, while at the same time integrating some of the advantages inherent in an array-type scinti...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/49/21/008
更新日期:2004-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::A method was developed to quantify the intensity of tissue staining using a CCD (charge-coupled device) camera. Reflection spectra of NBT-stained (nitro-blue tetrazolium-stained) and unstained myocardium were recorded via fibre optics coupled to a CCD camera, connected to a microcomputer. The calculation of the intens...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/36/6/007
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents calculated specific absorption rate (SAR) dosimetry in 4 and 8 week Japanese pregnant-woman models exposed to plane waves over the frequency range of 10 MHz-1.5 GHz. Two types of 2 mm spatial-resolution pregnant-woman models comprised a woman model, which is similar to the average-sized Japanese ad...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/55/1/N01
更新日期:2010-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::The measurand relevant for the dosimetry for radiation therapy is the absorbed dose to water, DW. The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) is establishing a secondary standard for DW for high-energy photon and electron radiation based on electron spin resonance (ESR) of the amino acid alanine. For practical app...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/53/5/006
更新日期:2008-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::Positron emission tomography (PET) has become an important modality in medical and molecular imaging. However, in most PET applications, the resolution is still mainly limited by the physical crystal sizes or the detector's intrinsic spatial resolution. To achieve images with better spatial resolution in a central reg...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/60/2/647
更新日期:2015-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate scatter compensation in SPECT can be performed by modelling the scatter response function during the reconstruction process. This method is called reconstruction-based scatter compensation (RBSC). It has been shown that RBSC has a number of advantages over other methods of compensating for scatter, but using ...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/43/4/014
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed an x-ray imaging system for in vivo four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) of small animals for pre-clinical lung investigations. Our customized laboratory facility is capable of high resolution in vivo imaging at high frame rates. Characterization using phantoms demonstrate a spatial resolution...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aab8d2
更新日期:2018-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::By analyzing the radiobiological model, and the equations derived from the model, it is shown that the main results of the article 'The influence of dose heterogeneity on tumor control probability in fractionated radiation therapy' by Wiklund et al (2011 Phys. Med. Biol. 56 7585-600) are valid only under the condition...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 评论,信件
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/58/18/6585
更新日期:2013-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::A method is presented for extraction of intra and inter fraction motion of seeds/markers within the patient from cone beam CT (CBCT) projection images. The position of the marker is determined on each projection image and fitted to a function describing the projection of a fixed point onto the imaging panel at differe...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/53/4/018
更新日期:2008-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::Effective use of the [Formula: see text] decay chain in targeted internal radioimmunotherapy requires the retention of both [Formula: see text] and progeny isotopes at the target site. Imaging-based pharmacokinetic tests of these pharmaceuticals must therefore separately yet simultaneously image multiple isotopes that...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aa6a99
更新日期:2017-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::3D breast modelling for 2D and 3D breast x-ray imaging would benefit from the availability of digital and physical phantoms that reproduce accurately the complexity of the breast anatomy. While a number of groups have produced digital phantoms with increasing level of complexity, physical phantoms reproducing that sof...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/ab0670
更新日期:2019-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::Intracoronary thermography is a technique that measures lumen wall temperatures for vulnerable plaque detection. In this paper the influence of vulnerable plaque composition on lumen wall temperatures was studied numerically. Concerning the vulnerable plaque heat generation, the location of the heat source and its hea...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/51/22/010
更新日期:2006-11-21 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements of patient entrance surface dose rate provide valuable data for interpreting results from dose-area product studies on fluoroscopic x-ray equipment. Methods for measurement of entrance surface dose rate with backscatter and incident dose rate without backscatter have been investigated. Entrance surface do...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/40/5/008
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recently described, computer aided method of attenuation analysis has been applied to free-air chamber measurements of the attenuation by up to 30mm A1 of the exposure rate of a narrow beam of X-radiation excited at a thick W target in a Be window tube by constant potentials of 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 kV. It has ...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/22/2/001
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates the oxygen mass transport in the region around the human carotid bifurcation, particularly addressing the effects of bifurcation geometry and pulsatile blood flow on the oxygen transport between the blood flow and artery wall tissue, coupled with the metabolic oxygen consumption and oxygen diff...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/55/14/004
更新日期:2010-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::Focused ultrasound (FUS) phased arrays show promise for non-invasive brain therapy. However, the majority of them are limited to a single transmit/receive frequency and therefore lack the versatility to expose and monitor the treatment volume. Multi-frequency arrays could offer variable transmit focal sizes under a fi...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/61/24/8476
更新日期:2016-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel, PVA-C, is presented as a tissue-mimicking material, suitable for application in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and ultrasound imaging. A 10% by weight poly(vinyl alcohol) in water solution was used to form PVA-C, which is solidified through a freeze-thaw process. The number of freeze-thaw...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/49/24/009
更新日期:2004-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::The dose distribution near a non-radioactive gold seed under a 6 MV photon beam was measured using radiographic film, water equivalent bolus and solid water slabs. This type of small seed is typically used as a marker in target positional verification using a portal imager for conformal prostate treatment such as inte...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/50/18/N02
更新日期:2005-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::Elasticity imaging (EI) is being developed to allow the evaluation of the mechanical properties of soft tissue, but these properties are already assessed in routine ultrasound breast examination using a method that involves the subjective interpretation of tissue motion seen in real-time B-mode image movies during pal...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/45/8/301
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phosphor GdO2S:Tb is widely used in camera-based electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs). There is considerable interest in the application of EPIDs to dosimetry and the verification of intensity modulated radiation therapy produced by dynamic multileaf collimation (DMLC). This paper presents direct measurement ...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/46/2/317
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00