Abstract:
:A method was developed to quantify the intensity of tissue staining using a CCD (charge-coupled device) camera. Reflection spectra of NBT-stained (nitro-blue tetrazolium-stained) and unstained myocardium were recorded via fibre optics coupled to a CCD camera, connected to a microcomputer. The calculation of the intensity of staining was based on evaluation of the NBT-related changes of the reflectance spectrum. In each of six anaesthetized sheep, global ischaemia was induced by cross-clamping of the aorta. The hearts were removed and incubated at 35 degrees C. At predetermined times two sections of ventricular myocardium were taken, one of which was then stained with NBT, the other being left unstained. Evaluation of the reflectance spectra from stained sections during the first phase of ischaemia showed a slight loss of NBT colour intensity followed by a more rapid loss of staining until the values of the unstained sections were reached. In contrast to the conventional visual evaluation, the method provides quantitative data on the intensity of staining, and allows use of the NBT technique for statistical evaluation of what happens over time, and the regional distribution of ischaemic injury of tissue. This method may also be applied to other staining techniques.
journal_name
Phys Med Bioljournal_title
Physics in medicine and biologyauthors
Schröder T,Koch G,Schnabel PA,Hering JP,Bretschneider HJ,Richter J,Hellige Gdoi
10.1088/0031-9155/36/6/007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-06-01 00:00:00pages
799-804issue
6eissn
0031-9155issn
1361-6560journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This study aims to develop and test software for assessing and reporting doses for standard patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) examinations in a 320 detector-row cone-beam scanner. The software, called SimDoseCT, is based on the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation code, which was developed to calculate organ doses a...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aa77ea
更新日期:2017-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::3D acquisition and reconstruction in positron emission tomography (PET) produce data with improved signal-to-noise ratios compared with conventional 2D slice-oriented methods. However, the sensitivity increase is accompanied by an increase in the number of scattered photons and random coincidences detected. This paper...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/39/3/009
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We implemented a hybrid scatter-correction method for 3D PET that combines two scatter-correction methods in a complementary way. The implemented scheme uses a method based on the discrimination of the energy of events (the estimation of trues method (ETM)) and an auxiliary method (the single scatter simulation method...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/47/9/310
更新日期:2002-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::A leaf-setting algorithm is developed for generating arbitrary beam intensity profiles in discrete levels using dynamic multileaf collimators (DMLCs). The algorithm starts with the algebraic expression for the area under the beam profile. It is shown that the coefficients in this expression can be transformed into the...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/43/6/019
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The theory of task-based assessment of image quality is reviewed in the context of imaging with ionizing radiation, and objective figures of merit (FOMs) for image quality are summarized. The variation of the FOMs with the task, the observer and especially with the mean number of photons recorded in the image is discu...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/60/2/R1
更新日期:2015-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::As automation in radiation oncology becomes more common, it is important to determine which algorithms are equivalent for a given workflow. Often, algorithm comparisons are performed in isolation; however, clinical context can provide valuable insight into the importance of algorithm features and error magnification i...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/ab9fc8
更新日期:2020-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements have been made using an air sampler to measure airborne radioactivity produced during the routine handling of large activities of technetium-99m, iodine-125 and iodine-131. The results indicate that 99Tcm can be safely handled in environments without direct exhaust of the ventilated air but that 125I and ...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/25/6/005
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The silicon photomultiplier (Si-PM) is a promising photo-detector for PET for use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems because it has high gain and is insensitive to static magnetic fields. Recently we developed a Si-PM-based depth-of-interaction PET system for small animals and performed simultaneous measureme...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/57/2/N1
更新日期:2012-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::A solid dynamic phantom with tissue-like optical properties is presented, which contains seven discrete targets impregnated with thermochromic pigment located at different depths from the surface. Changes in absorption are obtained in response to localized heating of the targets, simulating haemodynamic changes occurr...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/54/20/016
更新日期:2009-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::In robotic radiosurgery, it is necessary to compensate for systematic latencies arising from target tracking and mechanical constraints. This compensation is usually achieved by means of an algorithm which computes the future target position. In most scientific works on respiratory motion prediction, only one or two a...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/58/11/3911
更新日期:2013-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::An optimized configuration of multi-pinhole aperture can improve the spatial resolution and the sensitivity of pinhole SPECT simultaneously. In this study, an optimization strategy of the multi-pinhole configuration with a small detector is proposed for mouse cardiac imaging. A 14 mm-diameter spherical field-of-view (...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/60/2/473
更新日期:2015-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::Task group 43 (TG43)-based dosimetry algorithms are efficient for brachytherapy dose calculation in water. However, human tissues have chemical compositions and densities different than water. Moreover, the mutual shielding effect of seeds on each other (interseed attenuation) is neglected in the TG43-based dosimetry ...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/57/11/3273
更新日期:2012-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::The treatment delivery time of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with a multileaf collimator (MLC) is generally longer than that of conventional radiotherapy. In theory, removing the flattening filter from the treatment head may reduce the beam-on time by enhancing the output dose rate, and then reduce the ...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/49/8/011
更新日期:2004-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::The development of alpha-emitting radiopharmaceuticals using 211At requires quantitative determination of the time-dependent nature of the 211At biodistribution. However, imaging-based methods for acquiring this information with 211At have not found wide-spread use because of its low abundance of decay emissions suita...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aaaa95
更新日期:2018-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::The inadequate visibility of microcalcifications-small calcium deposits that cue radiologists to early stages of cancer-is a major limitation in current designs of dedicated breast computed tomography (bCT). This limitation has previously been attributed to the constituent components, spatial resolution, and utilized ...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/abae07
更新日期:2020-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::Crucial to all cancer therapy modalities is a strong correlation between treatment and effect. Predictability of therapy success/failure allows for the optimization of treatment protocol and aids in the decision of whether additional treatment is necessary to prevent tumour progression. This work evaluated the relatio...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/56/17/016
更新日期:2011-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory motion in emission tomography leads to reduced image quality. Developed correction methodology has been concentrating on the use of respiratory synchronized acquisitions leading to gated frames. Such frames, however, are of low signal-to-noise ratio as a result of containing reduced statistics. In this wor...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/17/006
更新日期:2007-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::The elastic and hyperelastic properties of biological soft tissues have been of interest to the medical community. There are several biomedical applications where parameters characterizing such properties are critical for a reliable clinical outcome. These applications include surgery planning, needle biopsy and brach...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/54/8/020
更新日期:2009-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the temperature elevation in the eye of anatomically based human head models for plane-wave exposures. The finite-difference time-domain method is used for analyzing electromagnetic absorption and temperature elevation. The eyes in the anatomic models have average dimensions and weight. Computa...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/21/003
更新日期:2007-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::This work aims to develop, implement and validate a Monte Carlo (MC)-based independent dose calculation (IDC) framework to perform patient-specific quality assurance (QA) for multi-leaf collimator (MLC)-based CyberKnife® (Accuray Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) treatment plans. The IDC framework uses an XML-format treatment plan...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aa97f8
更新日期:2017-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::Boundary element methods (BEM) are used for forward computation of bioelectromagnetic fields in multi-compartment volume conductor models. Most BEM approaches assume that each compartment is in contact with at most one external compartment. In this work, I present a general surface integral equation and BEM discretiza...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/61/22/N606
更新日期:2016-11-21 00:00:00
abstract::The optical properties (absorption and scattering coefficients and the scattering anisotropy factor) were measured in vitro for cartilage, liver, lung, muscle, myocardium, skin, and tumour (colon adenocarcinoma CC 531) at 630, 632.8, 790, 850 and 1064 nm. Rabbits, rats, piglets, goats, and dogs were used to obtain the...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/42/11/017
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::For treatments with dynamic intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), the adjustment of multileaf collimator (MLC) parameters affecting both the optimization algorithm and dose distributions is crucial. The main parameters characterizing the MLC are the transmission (T) and the dosimetric leaf separation (DLS). The aim...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/50/4/001
更新日期:2005-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::Ultra-wideband (UWB) electromagnetic pulses of nanosecond duration, or nanopulses, have recently been approved by the Federal Communications Commission for a number of different applications. They are also being explored for applications in biotechnology and medicine. The simulation of the propagation of a nanopulse t...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/50/21/007
更新日期:2005-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes the algorithm and examines the performance of an intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) beam-angle optimization (BAO) system. In this algorithm successive sets of beam angles are selected from a set of predefined directions using a fast simulated annealing (FSA) algorithm. An IMRT beam-profi...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/48/19/007
更新日期:2003-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this work was to characterize expert variation in segmentation of intracranial structures pertinent to radiation therapy, and to assess a registration-driven atlas-based segmentation algorithm in that context. Eight experts were recruited to segment the brainstem, optic chiasm, optic nerves, and eyes, o...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/56/14/021
更新日期:2011-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we present a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction algorithm for magneto-acoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI) based on the characteristics of the ultrasound transducer. The algorithm is investigated to solve the blur problem of the MAT-MI acoustic source image, which is caused by the ultr...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/61/24/8762
更新日期:2016-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanical properties of biological tissues are significant biomarkers for diagnosing various diseases. Assessing the viscoelastic properties of multi-layer tissues has remained challenging for a long time. Some shear wave models have been proposed to estimate thin-layer tissues' viscoelasticity recently. However, the...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/abca04
更新日期:2020-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::The convergence rates of the fast Padé transform (FPT) and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) are compared. These two estimators are used to process a time-signal encoded at 4 T by means of one-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for healthy human brain. It is found systematically that at any level of trun...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/50/18/010
更新日期:2005-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::The biological mechanisms of platelet destruction must be correctly identified before platelet survival curves can be interpreted. This report develops a theory of platelet destruction which is compared with experiments performed on platelets labelled with the radioactive isotope 51Cr. Platelet destruction rate is a c...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/28/12/001
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00