Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Social disadvantage consistently predicts both self-reported distress and clinically diagnosed disorders such as depression. Yet, many individuals who are exposed to disadvantage do not report high levels of distress. This study extends our recent work showing that high cognitive ability may protect against the negative health consequences of exposure to disadvantaged backgrounds. We test whether this 'buffer effect' exists across clinically relevant indices of mental health in a population-representative sample. METHODS:In total, 27 985 participants were drawn from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (Understanding Society). Clinical diagnoses of depression and clinically relevant measures of psychological distress [i.e. Short Form-12 (SF-12) Mental Component, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)] and trait neuroticism were assessed. Cognitive ability was derived from performance on word recall, verbal fluency and numerical ability tasks. Early-life disadvantage was gauged using family background measures assessing parental education and occupation at age 14. RESULTS:Background disadvantage predicted increased levels of reported psychological distress and neuroticism. These associations were moderated by cognitive ability. Across all available mental health measures, the negative association between early-life disadvantage and poor adult mental health was strongest at low (-1 s.d.) cognitive ability and was no longer evident at high (+1 s.d.) levels of cognitive ability. CONCLUSIONS:The results provide support for a cognitive buffering hypothesis linking high cognitive ability to a decrease in the magnitude of the social gradient in mental health. Those disadvantaged by both low socioeconomic status and low cognitive ability may benefit from targeted prevention and treatment programmes aiming to reduce socioeconomic disparities in mental health.
journal_name
Psychol Medjournal_title
Psychological medicineauthors
Bridger E,Daly Mdoi
10.1017/S0033291718002118subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-07-01 00:00:00pages
1545-1554issue
9eissn
0033-2917issn
1469-8978pii
S0033291718002118journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:The coronavirus [coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] pandemic has introduced extraordinary life changes and stress, particularly in adolescents and young adults. Initial reports suggest that depression and anxiety are elevated during COVID-19, but no prior study has explored changes at the within-person lev...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720005358
更新日期:2021-01-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in a minority of traumatized individuals. Attention biases to threat and abnormalities in fear learning and extinction are processes likely to play a critical role in the creation and/or maintenance of PTSD symptomatology. However, the relationship between these...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291711001565
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although impaired recognition of affective facial expressions has been conclusively linked to antisocial behavior, little is known about the modifiability of this deficit. This study investigated whether and under which circumstances the proposed perceptual insensitivity can be addressed with a brief implici...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291713001517
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Depression increases the risk of subsequent vascular events in both cardiac and non-cardiac patients. Atherosclerosis, the underlying process leading to vascular events, has been associated with depression. This association, however, may be confounded by the somatic-affective symptoms being a consequence of ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291710002151
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Findings from family and twin studies support a genetic contribution to the development of sexual orientation in men. However, previous studies have yielded conflicting evidence for linkage to chromosome Xq28. METHOD:We conducted a genome-wide linkage scan on 409 independent pairs of homosexual brothers (90...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291714002451
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brown and his colleagues have presented evidence for the social origins of depression from results of 2 community surveys in Camberwell. This paper examines critically their methodology, conceptualization of variables, mode of argument and statistical techniques. Log-linear analysis of their published data fails to su...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003329170001878x
更新日期:1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seventy-six women, with a mean age of 35.7 years, who reported premenstrual craving for sweet foods in a retrospective questionnaire, were assessed prospectively with a pre- and post-menstrual eating questionnaire and daily ratings of craving, mood, irritability and breast tenderness over two menstrual cycles. In 72% ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003329170000979x
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The significant proportion of schizophrenia patients refractory to treatment, primarily directed at the dopamine system, suggests that multiple mechanisms may underlie psychotic symptoms. Reinforcement learning tasks have been employed in schizophrenia to assess dopaminergic functioning and reward processing...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291718000041
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Generalized anxiety disorder is a common condition of excessive worry and tension which tends to run a chronic course associated with significant psychiatric and medical problems. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been shown to be of clinical value in about 50% of cases with treatment gains maintained ov...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/s0033291702007079
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:UK veterans suffering from a psychological or psychiatric illness as a consequence of service in the Second World War were entitled to a war pension. Their case files, which include regular medical assessments, are a valuable resource to investigate the nature, distribution and duration of symptoms. METHODS...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291718001460
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Stress and vulnerability likely interact to play a major role in psychosis. While much has been written about the neural diathesis-stress model in psychosis and its clinical risk states, little is known about HPA axis biomarkers in non-help-seeking individuals at familial high risk (FHR). We sought to prospe...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003329171500077X
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Stress questionnaires are included in many epidemiological cohort studies but the psychometric characteristics of these questionnaires are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to describe these characteristics for two short questionnaires measuring the lifetime and past year occurrence of stress: the L...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291712000608
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monthly hospital admission rates (HA) for mania were classified by sex, type of admission (first, or re-admission) and by country (England and Wales or Scotland). Of the 8 classes thus created, all but one showed a statistically significant annual cycle with a peak in Summer and trough in Winter. There was no signific...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003329170001610x
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Empirical data regarding prevalence of sexual and physical abuse histories in Japanese patients with eating disorders is lacking, in contrast to Western countries. This study investigated the prevalence of traumatic events in Japanese patients with eating disorders, and examined the relationship between such...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291799008557
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aims of the present study were to examine serum activities of peptidases, i.e. prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), in patients with fibromyalgia and to examine the effects of subchronic treatment with sertraline on these variables. METHOD:Serum PEP and DPP IV activity were m...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291798006801
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Interest in the mental health of women deployed to modern military campaigns is increasing, although research examining gender differences is limited. Little is known about experiences women have had on these deployments, or whether men and women respond differently to combat exposure. METHOD:The current st...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003329171100290X
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Certain personality traits predispose to criminal behavior (CB). We further clarify this relationship in a Swedish national sample. METHOD:Psychological strength (PS) was assessed on a nine-point scale at personal interview in 1 653 721 Swedish men aged 18-20 years. We examined the association between PS an...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291715001403
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the present paper, sex differences in the association between adult depression and childhood experiences were examined. METHODS:The study series of the Finnish UKKI Study consisted of a population sample of 501 men and 499 women. Information concerning childhood experiences was gathered retrospectively i...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291797006089
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although positive effects of physical activity on mental health indicators have been reported, the relationship between physical activity and the development of specific mental disorders is unclear. METHOD:A cross-sectional (12-month) and prospective-longitudinal epidemiological study over 4 years in a comm...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003329170700089X
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous research has shown that adults with intellectual disability (ID) may be more at risk of developing dementia in old age than expected. However, the effect of age and ID severity on dementia prevalence rates has never been reported. We investigated the predictions that older adults with ID should have...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291708003334
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly heterogeneous and can be classified as treatment-resistant depression (TRD) or antidepressant-responsive depression (non-TRD) based on patients' responses to antidepressant treatment. Methods for distinguishing between TRD and non-TRD are critical clinical concerns. ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719001223
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Research on the subject of insight has been hampered by difficulties in definition and reliable measurement. METHODS:We compared several rating scales to measure insight on a group of 33 psychotic patients as well as assessing patients' psychopathology, clinical characteristics and cognitive functioning. R...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291797006296
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Three cognitive constructs are risk factors for eating disorders: undue influence of weight and shape, concern about weight and shape, and body dissatisfaction (BD). Undue influence, a diagnostic criterion for eating disorders, is postulated to be closely associated with self-esteem whereas BD is postulated ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291710001066
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Difficulties in regulating emotions are linked to the core symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). We therefore investigated the neural substrates of emotion-regulation problems in women with PMDD. METHODS:On the basis of self-evaluations over 2 months on the Daily Record of Severity of Problems...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291717003270
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patient satisfaction is a key indicator of inpatient care quality and is associated with clinical outcomes following admission. Different patient characteristics have been inconsistently linked with satisfaction. This study aims to overcome previous limitations by assessing which patient characteristics are ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1017/S0033291719000011
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Social cognition has been associated with functional outcome in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). Social cognition has also been associated with neurocognition and cognitive reserve. Although cognitive reserve, neurocognitive functioning, social cognition, and functional outcome are related, the d...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719002794
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Executive functions have been proposed as endophenotypes for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, data regarding visual memory are lacking. We therefore assessed visual memory in adolescents with ADHD and their unaffected siblings compared with controls. METHOD:The participants included...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291711000857
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent anthropological studies have documented the importance of understanding the relation of culture to the experience of mental illness. The use of interviews that elicit explanatory models has facilitated such research, but currently available interviews are lengthy and impractical for epidemiological st...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291798007065
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The development of childhood anxiety disorders (CADs) is likely to depend on pathways that can be programmed by early-life risk factors. We test the hypothesis that early-life maternal factors can predict this programming effect on CAD. METHODS:Data were obtained from 198 women and children from the Mercy P...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720002147
更新日期:2020-06-29 00:00:00
abstract::A retrospective study of alcoholic psychoses is reported. The phenomena of the illnesses corresponded poorly with classical descriptions of alcoholic hallucinosis, delirium tremens and alcoholic paranoia. Alternative diagnostic approaches were tried (Catego, restrictive definition of alcoholic hallucinosis). The probl...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700014331
更新日期:1978-05-01 00:00:00