Abstract:
:Higenamine was included in the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited Substances and Methods List as a β2 -adrenoceptor agonist in 2017, thereby resulting in its prohibition both in and out of competition. The present mini review describes the physiology and pharmacology of adrenoceptors, summarizes the literature addressing the mechanism of action of higenamine and extends these findings with previously unpublished in silico and in vitro work. Studies conducted in isolated in vitro systems, whole-animal preparations and a small number of clinical studies suggest that higenamine acts in part as a β2 -adrenoceptor agonist. In silico predictive tools indicated that higenamine and possibly a metabolite have a high probability of interacting with the β2 -receptor as an agonist. Stable expression of human β2 -receptors in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to measure agonist activity not only confirmed the activity of higenamine at β2 but also closely agreed with the in silico prediction of potency for this compound. These data confirm and extend literature findings supporting the inclusion of higenamine in the Prohibited List.
journal_name
Drug Test Analjournal_title
Drug testing and analysisauthors
Hudzik TJ,Patel M,Brown Adoi
10.1002/dta.2992subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-26 00:00:00eissn
1942-7603issn
1942-7611pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Deschloroketamine (2-(methylamino)-2-phenyl-cyclohexanone) is a ketamine analog belonging to a group of dissociative anesthetics, which have been distributed within the illicit market since 2015. However, it was also being sold as 'ketamine' misleading people to believe that they were getting genuine ketamine. Dissoci...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2726
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journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1587
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abstract::Δ(9) -Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the most commonly analyzed cannabinoid in oral fluid (OF); however, its metabolite 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH) offers the advantage of documenting active consumption, as it is not detected in cannabis smoke. Analytical challenges such as low (ng/L) THCCOOH OF concentrations hampe...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
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journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.116
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journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1781
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iso-α-acids (IAAs) can be used as markers for the consumption of beer. Postmortem specimens from a range of coronial cases were analyzed for IAAs in order to determine the prevalence of beer consumption and any correlation to blood alcohol concentrations (BAC). A total of 130 cases were included in this study includin...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1749
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple, sensitive, and selective spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of gabapentin (GBP) in capsules. The method is based on the reaction of GBP and sodium 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate (NQS) in the presence of Clark and Lubs buffer of pH 11 to form an orange-coloured product which wa...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the main mechanism of action of organophosphorus compounds (OP), and AChE reactivators (oximes) are at present the only causal therapeutic approach. Being the key target of OP toxicity, AChE may serve as a valuable tool for diagnosis of OP exposure as well as for the invest...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Doping with natural steroids can be detected by evaluating the urinary concentrations and ratios of several endogenous steroids. Since these biomarkers of steroid doping are known to present large inter-individual variations, monitoring of individual steroid profiles over time allows switching from population-based to...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1608
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), mimicking the psychoactive effects of cannabis, consist of a vast array of structurally diverse compounds. A novel compound belonging to the SC family, (1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone (named TMCP-CHM in this article) contains a cyclopropane r...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.2668
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Australia, drug monitoring systems have been in place for more than a decade allowing for the measurement of ongoing trends in drug use and the detection of new drugs. The Drug Trends Unit at the National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre monitors drugs through four separate systems. The Illicit Drug Reporting Syste...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/dta.1613
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
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journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
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journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Zolpidem and zopiclone (Z-compounds) are non-benzodiazepine hypnotics of new generation that can be used in drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA). Their determination in biological fluids, mainly urine, is of primary importance; nevertheless, although they are excreted almost entirely as metabolites, available method...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1470
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel poly (vinyl chloride) PVC membrane sensor for Fe(2+) ions is described. The sensor is based on the use of newly synthesized chiral 2,6-bis-(carboxamide methyl ester)pyridine derivative as neutral ionophore in plasticized PVC membrane. The sensor display a fast, stable and near-Nernstian response over a relativ...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.231
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the implementation of a new blanket scheduling system in 2013, new psychoactive substance (NPS) abuse remains a serious social concern in Japan. We present a fatal intoxication case involving 5F-ADB (methyl 2-[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido]-3,3-dimethylbutanoate) and diphenidine. Postmortem bloo...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clostebol is a synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid, with potential use as a performance-enhancing drug if taken for long periods in order to produce the desired effect. Recently, the use of medications containing clostebol acetate has led to the suspension of several athletes in various sports. Previous studies have...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and piperaquine (PPQ) are two drugs used in an artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). The circulation of counterfeit antimalarial drugs demands the development of simple, point-of-care (POC) tests for monitoring drug quality. Here we aimed to design an antibody-based lateral flow dipstic...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a prototypical serotonergic psychedelic drug and the subject of many clinical investigations. In recent years, a range of lysergamides has emerged with the production of some being inspired by the existing scientific literature. Others, for example various 1-acyl substituted lyserga...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two primary animal models persist for assessing hallucinogenic potential of novel compounds and for examining the pharmacological and neurobiological substrates underlying the actions of classical hallucinogens, the two-lever drug discrimination procedure and the drug-induced head-twitch response (HTR) in rodents. The...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemical warfare agents (CWA) are highly toxic compounds which have been produced to kill or hurt people during conflicts or terrorist attacks. Despite the fact that their use is strictly prohibited according to international convention, populations' exposure still recently occurred. Development of markers of exposure...
journal_title:Drug testing and analysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dta.1659
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00