Fatal intoxication by 5F-ADB and diphenidine: Detection, quantification, and investigation of their main metabolic pathways in humans by LC/MS/MS and LC/Q-TOFMS.

abstract：:Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) has been used as a recreational drug since the 1990s and over the last few years there has been increasing use of its analogues gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and to a lesser extent 1,4-butanediol (1,4BD). This review will summarize the literature on the pharmacology of these compounds; the patt...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Wood DM,Brailsford AD,Dargan PI

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abuse of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) has been known since the early 1990's, but is not as widespread as the consumption of other illegal drugs. However, the number of severe intoxications with fatal outcomes is comparatively high; not the least of which is brought about by the consumption of the currently legal pr...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Andresen H,Aydin BE,Mueller A,Iwersen-Bergmann S

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Musk, the dried secretion of the musk pod (sac) of adult male musk deer, has been used as traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in China and south-east Asian countries for thousands of years. Due to the anabolic steroid component in this TCM, musk preparations have been included in the list of medical products containing...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Wang J,He Y,Liu X,Yang Z,Yang W

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Testosterone and related compounds are the most recurrent doping substances. The steroid profile, consisting of the quantification of testosterone and its metabolites, has been described as the most significant biomarker to detect doping with pseudo-endogenous anabolic steroids. The steroidal module of the Athlete Bio...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Baume N,Geyer H,Vouillamoz M,Grisdale R,Earl M,Aguilera R,Cowan DA,Ericsson M,Gmeiner G,Kwiatkowska D,Kioukia-Fougia N,Molina A,Ruivo J,Segura J,Van Eenoo P,Jan N,Robinson N,Saugy M

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Morin on the pharmacokinetics of Piracetam in rats, in vitro enzyme kinetics and metabolic stability (high throughput) studies using human liver microsomes in UPLC. For pharmacokinetics studies, male Wistar rats were pretreated with Morin (10 mg/kg) for one week a...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Sahu K,Shaharyar M,Siddiqui AA

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this research is to validate the biomarker-based approach for the detection of doping with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in sport. The GH-2000 project proposed an indirect method for the detection of exogenously administered growth hormone (GH) based on the measurement of the GH-dependent mark...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Jing J,Zhou X,He C,Zhang L,Yang S,Xu Y,Xie M,Yan Y,Su H,Wu M

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this tutorial we describe the construction of chemiluminescence detectors for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), comprising the components required to deliver the chemiluminescence reagent, a coiled-tubing flow cell, photomultiplier tube and detector housing, and various options for data acquisition. We...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Adcock JL,Terry JM,Barrow CJ,Barnett NW,Olson DC,Francis PS

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The widespread use of antibiotics in animals is causing concerns about the growing risk for development and the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic consumption is higher in animals than in humans as reported in a joint publication of EFSA (European Food Safety Agency), ECDC (European Centre for Disease...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Daeseleire E,De Graef E,Rasschaert G,De Mulder T,Van den Meersche T,Van Coillie E,Dewulf J,Heyndrickx M

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The annual update of the list of prohibited substances and doping methods as issued by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) allows the implementation of most recent considerations of performance manipulation and emerging therapeutics into human sports doping control programmes. The annual banned-substance review for hu...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Thevis M,Kuuranne T,Geyer H,Schänzer W

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthetic cathinones continue to proliferate in clandestine drug markets worldwide. N-ethylnorpentylone (also known as N-ethylpentylone or ephylone) is a popular emergent cathinone, yet little information is available about its toxicology and pharmacology. Here we characterize the analytical quantification, clinical p...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Costa JL,Cunha KF,Lanaro R,Cunha RL,Walther D,Baumann MH

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New bioanalytical assays were developed, validated, and applied in a clinical study for quantitative measurement of acetaminophen concentrations in blood and plasma samples. Furthermore, after validation, the bioanalytical assays were used for determination of pharmacokinetics within a group of six healthy male human ...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Rincón JP,Meesters RJ

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drug and alcohol abuse is a concern for many European companies, especially those having safety-critical jobs. It is not uncommon for European companies to establish a drug policy with little or no provision for drug testing. The European Union (EU) has launched a number of initiatives in its fight against drugs. Ther...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Agius R,Kintz P,European Workplace Drug Testing Society.

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The synthetic tryptamine 5-methoxy-N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-MiPT) has recently been abused as a hallucinogenic drug in Germany and Switzerland. This study presents a case of 5-MeO-MiPT intoxication and the structural elucidation of metabolites in pooled human liver microsomes (pHLM), blood, and urine. Mic...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Grafinger KE,Hädener M,König S,Weinmann W

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) combination is an anaesthetic drug commonly used in veterinary medicine. It is an equal amount combination of tiletamine, a dissociative anaesthetic pharmacologically classified as an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, and zolazepam, a benzodiazepine tranquilizer. There are ...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： de la Peña JB,Cheong JH

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A rapid and sensitive method involving liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) coupled to an intracerebral microdialysis technique was developed for the determination and pharmacokinetic investigation of tramadol and its major active metabolite O-desmethyltramadol (ODT) in rat brain....

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Liu M,Wang P,Yu X,Dong G,Yue J

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Docetaxel (DTX) is an anti-cancer compound derived from 10-deacetyl baccatin III which is indicated for treatment of breast, lung, prostate, gastro-esophageal, and head and neck cancers. Epimerization of DTX at the C-7 hydroxyl position has intrigued chemists and has been implicated in loss of potency, as well as in t...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Mohsin S,Arellano IH,Choudhury NR,Garg S

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two primary animal models persist for assessing hallucinogenic potential of novel compounds and for examining the pharmacological and neurobiological substrates underlying the actions of classical hallucinogens, the two-lever drug discrimination procedure and the drug-induced head-twitch response (HTR) in rodents. The...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Canal CE,Morgan D

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The impact of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) administration has been widely studied for anti-doping purposes in men, whereas only a few studies have been performed in women. In the present study, the impact of DHEA on the steroid profile parameters and their carbon isotopic ratios was explored. Eleven healthy young wom...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Buisson C,Frelat C,Privat K,Martinat N,Audran M,Collomp K

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) is a worldwide problem. Several countries have adopted DUID legislations which prove their deterrent effect and impact on road safety. However, the use of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and prescription drugs is not known, as the applied roadside screening tests have not ...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Wille SMR,Richeval C,Nachon-Phanithavong M,Gaulier JM,Di Fazio V,Humbert L,Samyn N,Allorge D

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 2005 and 2008, studies reported that cannabis in England had become dominated by the sinsemilla (unseeded female) form. The average potency (Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] content) of this material had doubled over the previous decade. Cannabis resin then circulating contained approximately equal ratios of THC and ...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Potter DJ,Hammond K,Tuffnell S,Walker C,Di Forti M

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sulfate metabolites have been described as long-term metabolites for some anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS). 4-chlorometandienone (4Cl-MTD) is one of the most frequently detected AAS in sports drug testing and it is commonly detected by monitoring metabolites excreted free or conjugated with glucuronic acid. Sulfatio...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Balcells G,Gómez C,Garrostas L,Pozo ÓJ,Ventura R

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Indole-, indazole-, or azaindole-based synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), bearing a cumyl substituent are a widespread, recreationally used subgroup of new psychoactive substances (NPS). The latest cumyl-derivative, CUMYL-PEGACLONE, emerged in December 2016 on the German drug market. The substance features a novel γ-carbol...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Mogler L,Wilde M,Huppertz LM,Weinfurtner G,Franz F,Auwärter V

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The absence of reference material is a commonly experienced difficulty among medical and forensic professionals tasked with identifying new psychoactive substances that are encountered for the first time. The identification of newly emerging substances lies at the heart of forensic and clinical analysis, and a proacti...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Brandt SD,Tearavarich R,Dempster N,Cozzi NV,Daley PF

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Different extracts of Nigella sativa L. seed waste; aqueous (AE) 200 mg/kg, ethanol 70% (EE) 250 mg/kg and hexane (HE) 10 mg/kg, were evaluated for their hepatoprotective activities. They were administered orally, once daily, for 5 consecutive days. On day 5, liver injury was induced in animals by a single i.p. inject...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Michel CG,El-Sayed NS,Moustafa SF,Ezzat SM,Nesseem DI,El-Alfy TS

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In an earlier study, we developed two sensitive and reliable procedures for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of methylhexaneamine (MHA) in P. graveolens plant materials and volatile oils. None of the analyzed plant materials or oils sho...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： ElSohly MA,Gul W,Tolbert C,ElSohly KM,Murphy TP,Avula B,Chittiboyina AG,Wang M,Khan IA,Yang M,Guo D,Zhang WD,Su J

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hemapolin (2α,3α-epithio-17α-methyl-5α-androstan-17β-ol) is a designer steroid that is an ingredient in several "dietary" and "nutritional" supplements available online. As an unusual chemical modification to the steroid A-ring could allow this compound to pass through antidoping screens undetected, the metabolism of ...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Waller CC,Weththasinghe SA,McClure L,Cawley AT,Suann C,Suann E,Sutherland E,Cooper E,Heather A,McLeod MD

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was designed to provide preliminary information on the potential impact of metabolic drug-drug interaction on the effectiveness of doping control strategies currently followed by the anti-doping laboratories to detect the intake of prohibited agents. In vitro assays based on the use of human liver mi...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Mazzarino M,de la Torre X,Fiacco I,Botrè F

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Zolpidem and zopiclone (Z-compounds) are non-benzodiazepine hypnotics of new generation that can be used in drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA). Their determination in biological fluids, mainly urine, is of primary importance; nevertheless, although they are excreted almost entirely as metabolites, available method...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Strano Rossi S,Anzillotti L,Castrignanò E,Frison G,Zancanaro F,Chiarotti M

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The anabolic-androgenic steroid methylstenbolone (MSTEN; 2α,17α-dimethyl-17β-hydroxy-5α-androst-1-en-3-one) is available as a so-called designer steroid or nutritional supplement. It is occasionally detected in doping control samples, predominantly tested and confirmed as the glucuronic acid conjugate of methylstenbol...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Piper T,Fusshöller G,Schänzer W,Lagojda A,Kuehne D,Thevis M

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical and forensic toxicology laboratories are continuously confronted by analytical challenges when dealing with the new psychoactive substances phenomenon. The number of synthetic cannabinoids, the chemical diversity, and the speed of emergence make this group of compounds particularly challenging in terms of det...

journal_title：Drug testing and analysis

authors： Liu C,Jia W,Hua Z,Qian Z

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00