Monitoring drug markets in the Internet age and the evolution of drug monitoring systems in Australia.

Abstract:

:In Australia, drug monitoring systems have been in place for more than a decade allowing for the measurement of ongoing trends in drug use and the detection of new drugs. The Drug Trends Unit at the National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre monitors drugs through four separate systems. The Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS) measures the price, purity, and availability of drugs that are primarily injected. The Ecstasy and Related Drugs Reporting System (EDRS) monitors psychostimulants that are used recreationally. The National Illicit Drugs Indicator Project (NIDIP) analyzes indicator data including drug-related hospitalizations and deaths. Finally, the Drugs and Emerging Technologies Project (DNeT) analyzes the role of the Internet in the procurement and use of novel psychoactive substances. This paper provides an overview of each component of the system, demonstrating how the system has evolved over time.

journal_name

Drug Test Anal

authors

Burns L,Roxburgh A,Bruno R,Van Buskirk J

doi

10.1002/dta.1613

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-07-01 00:00:00

pages

840-5

issue

7-8

eissn

1942-7603

issn

1942-7611

journal_volume

6

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Docetaxel epimerization in silicone films: a case of drug excipient incompatibility.

    abstract::Docetaxel (DTX) is an anti-cancer compound derived from 10-deacetyl baccatin III which is indicated for treatment of breast, lung, prostate, gastro-esophageal, and head and neck cancers. Epimerization of DTX at the C-7 hydroxyl position has intrigued chemists and has been implicated in loss of potency, as well as in t...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.1617

    authors: Mohsin S,Arellano IH,Choudhury NR,Garg S

    更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00

  • In vitro metabolism of selected bioactive compounds of Eurycoma longifolia root extract to identify suitable markers in doping control.

    abstract::Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali, Simaroubaceae) is a medicinal plant endemic to South-East Asia. For centuries, different parts of the plant have been used as a natural remedy to treat fever, hypertension, or sexual insufficiency. Today, Eurycoma longifolia preparations are commercially available and advertised ...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.2449

    authors: Bräuer P,Anielski P,Schwaiger S,Stuppner H,Tran TVA,Vollmer G,Zierau O,Thieme D,Keiler AM

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Biomarker detection of rhGH doping: an excretion study.

    abstract::The purpose of this research is to validate the biomarker-based approach for the detection of doping with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in sport. The GH-2000 project proposed an indirect method for the detection of exogenously administered growth hormone (GH) based on the measurement of the GH-dependent mark...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.1423

    authors: Jing J,Zhou X,He C,Zhang L,Yang S,Xu Y,Xie M,Yan Y,Su H,Wu M

    更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00

  • The synthesis and characterization N-methyl-3-phenyl-norbornan-2-amine (Camfetamine™).

    abstract::N-Methyl-3-phenyl-norbornan-2-amine (N-methyl-3-phenylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-amine, Camfetamine(™) ) is available from a number of online legal highs/research chemicals' vendors. Although it was developed as an analeptic by Merck in the early 1960s, it was never commercialized. However, the Association of Independent ...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.411

    authors: Kavanagh P,Angelov D,O'Brien J,Power JD,McDermott SD,Talbot B,Fox J,O'Donnell C,Christie R

    更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00

  • Synthesis and characterization of 5-methoxy-2-methyl-N,N-dialkylated tryptamines.

    abstract::The absence of reference material is a commonly experienced difficulty among medical and forensic professionals tasked with identifying new psychoactive substances that are encountered for the first time. The identification of newly emerging substances lies at the heart of forensic and clinical analysis, and a proacti...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.398

    authors: Brandt SD,Tearavarich R,Dempster N,Cozzi NV,Daley PF

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00

  • Electroanalysis of trimethoprim on metalloporphyrin incorporated glassy carbon electrode.

    abstract::Trimethoprim (TMP) is a bacteriostatic antibiotic mainly used in the prophylaxis and treatment of urinary tract infections. It belongs to the class of chemotherapeutic agents known as dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. Its use is associated with idiosyncratic reactions, including liver toxicity and agranulocytosis. I...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.161

    authors: Rajith L,Kumar KG

    更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00

  • Immunomagnetic beads-based isolation of erythropoietins from urine and blood for sports anti-doping control.

    abstract::According to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) technical document for erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA) analysis (TD2014EPO), double-blotting of serum/plasma samples is mandatory for all analysis by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and for the confirmation procedures (CP) performed by SDS-PAGE or SAR-PAGE. The goal ...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.2320

    authors: Desharnais P,Naud JF,Ayotte C

    更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00

  • UHPLC-MS/MS and UHPLC-HRMS identification of zolpidem and zopiclone main urinary metabolites and method development for their toxicological determination.

    abstract::Zolpidem and zopiclone (Z-compounds) are non-benzodiazepine hypnotics of new generation that can be used in drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA). Their determination in biological fluids, mainly urine, is of primary importance; nevertheless, although they are excreted almost entirely as metabolites, available method...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.1470

    authors: Strano Rossi S,Anzillotti L,Castrignanò E,Frison G,Zancanaro F,Chiarotti M

    更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00

  • Phase I metabolism of the recently emerged synthetic cannabinoid CUMYL-PEGACLONE and detection in human urine samples.

    abstract::Indole-, indazole-, or azaindole-based synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), bearing a cumyl substituent are a widespread, recreationally used subgroup of new psychoactive substances (NPS). The latest cumyl-derivative, CUMYL-PEGACLONE, emerged in December 2016 on the German drug market. The substance features a novel γ-carbol...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.2352

    authors: Mogler L,Wilde M,Huppertz LM,Weinfurtner G,Franz F,Auwärter V

    更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00

  • Evaluation of peripheral blood microsampling techniques in combination with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry for the determination of drug pharmacokinetics in clinical studies.

    abstract::New bioanalytical assays were developed, validated, and applied in a clinical study for quantitative measurement of acetaminophen concentrations in blood and plasma samples. Furthermore, after validation, the bioanalytical assays were used for determination of pharmacokinetics within a group of six healthy male human ...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.1582

    authors: Rincón JP,Meesters RJ

    更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00

  • Identification of ex vivo catabolites of peptides with doping potential in equine plasma by HILIC-HRMS.

    abstract::Bioactive peptides pose a great threat to sports integrity. The detection of these peptides is essential for enforcing their prohibition in sports. Identifying the catabolites of these peptides that are formed ex vivo in plasma may improve their detection. In the present study, the stability of 27 bioactive peptides w...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.2781

    authors: Guan F,Fay S,Li X,You Y,Robinson MA

    更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00

  • Identification of porcine relaxin in plasma by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.

    abstract::Relaxin (RLX) has demonstrated diverse pharmacological effects in various scientific and clinical studies. The emergence of porcine relaxin (pRLX) has raised concerns on the doping potential of pRLX. There have also been speculations in the horseracing industry on its covert use. To control the abuse of pRLX in equine...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.2143

    authors: Wong ASY,Ho ENM,Kwok WH,Leung GNW,Shen Y,Qi RZ,Yue SK,Wan TSM

    更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00

  • Regulatory aspects of workplace drug testing in Europe.

    abstract::Workplace drug testing in Europe is governed by a patchwork of legislation--or lack of it. Other difficulties are caused by language, currency and a host of other factors, including the difficulty in defining 'safety critical'. The European Workplace Drug Testing Society's (EWDTS) history and objectives are briefly ou...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.1326

    authors: Pierce A

    更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00

  • Oral fluid cannabinoids in chronic frequent cannabis smokers during ad libitum cannabis smoking.

    abstract::Oral fluid (OF) offers a simple, non-invasive, directly observable sample collection for clinical and forensic drug testing. Given that chronic cannabis smokers often engage in drug administration multiple times daily, evaluating OF cannabinoid pharmacokinetics during ad libitum smoking is important for practical deve...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.1718

    authors: Lee D,Vandrey R,Mendu DR,Murray JA,Barnes AJ,Huestis MA

    更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00

  • Nanoparticle technology: amplifying the effective sensitivity of biomarker detection to create a urine test for hGH.

    abstract::Several clinical-grade immunoassays exist for the specific measurement of hGH or its isoforms in blood but there is an urgent need to apply these same reliable assays to the measurement of hGH in urine as a preferred 'non-invasive' biofluid. Unfortunately, conventional hGH immunoassays cannot attain the sensitivity re...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/dta.96

    authors: Fredolini C,Tamburro D,Gambara G,Lepene BS,Espina V,Petricoin EF 3rd,Liotta LA,Luchini A

    更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00

  • GC-MS and GC-IRD studies on brominated dimethoxyamphetamines: regioisomers related to 4-Br-2,5-DMA (DOB).

    abstract::A series of regioisomeric bromodimethoxyamphetamines have mass spectra essentially equivalent to the controlled drug substance 4-Br-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (4-Br-2,5-DMA; DOB); all have molecular weight of 274 and major fragment ions in their electron ionization mass spectra at m/z 44 and m/z 230/232. The trifluoroac...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.409

    authors: Maher HM,Awad T,DeRuiter J,Randall Clark C

    更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00

  • Proteolysis and autolysis of proteases and the detection of degradation products in doping control.

    abstract::The determination of protein- or peptide-based performance-enhancing pharmaceuticals has gained increasing attention in sports drug testing in recent decades. Proteases possess a high potential for use in the manipulation of regular urine specimens, interfering with established doping control procedures for proteins o...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.20

    authors: Thomas A,Kohler M,Walpurgis K,Schänzer W,Thevis M

    更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00

  • Structural characterization of a degradation product of rocuronium using nanoelectrospray-high resolution mass spectrometry.

    abstract::Rocuronium bromide is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent that causes rapid muscle relaxation after intravenous injection. Regulatory authorities for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use require the evaluation of the stability of active compounds under various stress conditions. Forced degradation...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.1751

    authors: Wegener O,Harms G,Volmer DA,Hayen H

    更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00

  • Validation of a new screening, determinative, and confirmatory multi-residue method for nitroimidazoles and their hydroxy metabolites in turkey muscle tissue by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

    abstract::A new and sensitive multi-residue method (MRM) with detection by LC-MS/MS was developed and validated for the screening, determination, and confirmation of residues of 7 nitroimidazoles and 3 of their metabolites in turkey muscle tissues at concentrations ≥ 0.05 ng/g. The compounds were extracted into a solvent with a...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.1356

    authors: Boison JO,Asea PA,Matus JL

    更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00

  • Identification of AB-FUBINACA metabolites in authentic urine samples suitable as urinary markers of drug intake using liquid chromatography quadrupole tandem time of flight mass spectrometry.

    abstract::Synthetic cannabinoids are a group of psychoactive drugs presently widespread among drug users in Europe. Analytical methods to measure these compounds in urine are in demand as urine is a preferred matrix for drug testing. For most synthetic cannabinoids, the parent compounds are rarely detected in urine. Therefore u...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.1896

    authors: Vikingsson S,Gréen H,Brinkhagen L,Mukhtar S,Josefsson M

    更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00

  • Enzymatic assay for urine lactose in the assessment of recent intravenous abuse of buprenorphine.

    abstract::Urine samples were analyzed for lactose to investigate if elevated lactose concentrations indicate recent (< 48 hours) intravenous abuse of substances containing lactose as an excipient. Elevated lactose levels were found in samples given by patients who had recently injected substances intravenously, verified by fres...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.2654

    authors: Keltanen TN,Heikman PK,Muhonen LH,Gunnar TO,Ojanperä IA

    更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00

  • Investigation of the composition of anabolic tablets using near infrared spectroscopy and Raman chemical imaging.

    abstract::The use of performance enhancing drugs is a widespread phenomenon in professional and leisure sports. A spectroscopic study was carried out on anabolic tablets labelled as 5 mg methandienone tablets provided by police departments. The analytical approach was based on a two-step methodology: a fast analysis of tablets ...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.1843

    authors: Rebiere H,Ghyselinck C,Lempereur L,Brenier C

    更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00

  • Methylhexanamine is not detectable in Pelargonium or Geranium species and their essential oils: A multi-centre investigation.

    abstract::In an earlier study, we developed two sensitive and reliable procedures for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of methylhexaneamine (MHA) in P. graveolens plant materials and volatile oils. None of the analyzed plant materials or oils sho...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1002/dta.1726

    authors: ElSohly MA,Gul W,Tolbert C,ElSohly KM,Murphy TP,Avula B,Chittiboyina AG,Wang M,Khan IA,Yang M,Guo D,Zhang WD,Su J

    更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00

  • Detection of mono-hydroxylated metabolites of stanozolol by HPLC-ESI (+) MS/MS in Indian sports persons.

    abstract::The abuse of stanozolol is quite widespread in Indian sport. Its analysis is challenging and this has led to the development of new methods to improve its detection. A method was developed and validated for the detection of the three main monohydroxylated metabolites of stanozolol. The excretion profile of these metab...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.76

    authors: Ahi S,Beotra A,Jain S

    更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00

  • Head-twitch response in rodents induced by the hallucinogen 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine: a comprehensive history, a re-evaluation of mechanisms, and its utility as a model.

    abstract::Two primary animal models persist for assessing hallucinogenic potential of novel compounds and for examining the pharmacological and neurobiological substrates underlying the actions of classical hallucinogens, the two-lever drug discrimination procedure and the drug-induced head-twitch response (HTR) in rodents. The...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/dta.1333

    authors: Canal CE,Morgan D

    更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00

  • Anti-doping analyses at the Sochi Olympic and Paralympic Games 2014.

    abstract::The laboratory anti-doping services during XXII Winter Olympic and XI Paralympic games in Sochi in 2014 were provided by a satellite laboratory facility located within the strictly secured Olympic Park. This laboratory, established and operated by the personnel of Antidoping Center, Moscow, has been authorized by the ...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.1734

    authors: Sobolevsky T,Krotov G,Dikunets M,Nikitina M,Mochalova E,Rodchenkov G

    更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00

  • Different in vitro and in vivo tools for elucidating the human metabolism of alpha-cathinone-derived drugs of abuse.

    abstract::In vitro and in vivo experiments are widely used for studying the metabolism of new psychoactive substances (NPS). The availability of such data is required for toxicological risk assessments and development of urine screening approaches. This study investigated the in vitro metabolism of the 5 pyrrolidinophenone-deri...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.2355

    authors: Manier SK,Richter LHJ,Schäper J,Maurer HH,Meyer MR

    更新日期:2018-01-04 00:00:00

  • Development of HPTLC method for the estimation of ondansetron hydrochloride in bulk drug and sublingual tablets.

    abstract::A new, simple, rapid, accurate and precise high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been developed for the estimation of ondansetron hydrochloride in bulk and sublingual tablets. The mobile phase composition was chloroform : ethyl acetate : methanol : ammonia (9:5:4:0.1 v/v). Spectrodensitometric ...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.311

    authors: Mujtaba A,Kohli K,Ali J,Baboota S

    更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00

  • A new technique for spectrophotometric determination of pseudoephedrine and guaifenesin in syrup and synthetic mixture.

    abstract::The accuracy in predicting different chemometric methods was compared when applied on ordinary UV spectra and first order derivative spectra. Principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares with one dependent variable (PLS1) and two dependent variables (PLS2) were applied on spectral data of pharmaceuti...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.235

    authors: Riahi S,Hadiloo F,Milani SM,Davarkhah N,Ganjali MR,Norouzi P,Seyfi P

    更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00

  • Segmental analysis of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs in the hair of schizophrenic patients.

    abstract::Hair analysis is useful for documenting long-term exposure to drugs. The potential of hair analysis for therapeutic drug monitoring within the forensic field has been studied, but reference values for some antidepressants and antipsychotics in the hair of individuals undergoing chronic therapy are still lacking. In th...

    journal_title:Drug testing and analysis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/dta.2754

    authors: Wang X,Zhuo Y,Tang X,Qiang H,Liu W,Wu H,Xiang P,Duan G,Shen M

    更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00